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The prevalence of data journalism in recent years has challenged traditional journalistic norms as well as the relationship between journalism and other subjects, affecting journalism both internally and externally. While the practice of data journalism has become increasingly pervasive around the world, systematic research on data journalism is only just starting to receive scholarly attention. The multi-aspects of data journalism cause difficulties in attempts to define it critically and clearly, and the limited number of previous studies suffer from a lack of coherent connections bridging the field's academic and professional dimensions. Through a concept explication, this article generates theoretical and operational definitions of data journalism via empirical analysis and meaning analysis.

This research applied framing theory, in combination with the protest paradigm, to the specific context of a significant protest event in Hong Kong's history. A total of 191 news stories concerning the "Occupy Central" crisis were examined to delineate how the events were framed in the UK, the U.S., mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. The newspapers in all five media markets were found to have differing news stories about the same event or the same issue. News framing was analyzed in terms of selection and description biases, including news perspective, favorability toward the protesters or the government, sourcing pattern, and attribution of responsibility. The results show significant differences among the five markets, not only between contrasting media systems, but also between comparable ones. The frames employed in the coverage are interpreted in terms of the markets' ideological differences. The reasons for these differences and theoretical implications are explored.