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The anticipation of security threats is one of the key elements in the determination of objectives and the main direction for the functioning of states or organizations. It constitutes a fundamental basis for building capacity, aimed at counteracting the identified threats or limiting the emergence of new ones. This is also applicable to the European Union (EU) and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which in their security documents identify threats that may have an impact on their existence and future development. The purpose of this article is to identify common threats to EU and NATO security, as well as to demonstrate their impact on the security of the countries of the Eastern flank. The analyses, comparisons and generalizations are based on strategic documents concerning the sphere of EU and NATO security (the EU security strategies and the NATO strategic concepts). The analyzed timeline covered the period from the end of the Cold War until the publication of the strategic documents in question. The perception of threats to the external security of the EU and NATO was contrasted with the results of public opinion polls from the member states of both organizations. The general result leads to the conclusion that the perception of security threats, contained in the strategic documents of the above-mentioned entities, is essentially identical; however, the priorities in the scope of reducing the risks associated with the occurrence of specific threats are perceived differently, including the Eastern flank countries.

This article presents the changes in the Polish Armed Forces during the twenty years of Poland's membership in NATO. Transformational processes of varying intensity and effect involved organisational and technical modernisation and active duty force professionalism. An important aspect was the participation in operations under the NATO flag. Combat experience contributed to significant changes in their functioning, including combat technology and procedures, and provided to achieving interoperability within the NATO. What is more, future changes in Polish Armed Forces will be directly connected with challenges related to engagement of Poland in political, economic and military dimension to NATO.

Zapewnienie nienaruszalności i integralności przestrzeni powietrznej Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej to jedno z podstawowych zadań, które zostało przypisane do kompetencji ministra obrony narodowej. Ochrona granicy państwowej w polskiej przestrzeni powietrznej ma na celu zapobieganie jej naruszeniom przez wojskowe oraz cywilne statki powietrzne, które mogą zostać użyte jako narzędzie aktu terrorystycznego. Cywilne statki powietrzne są wówczas klasyfikowane do odpowiedniej kategorii RENEGADE.

W artykule przedstawiono procedury oraz zakres kompetencji poszczególnych organów, wynikające z obowiązujących aktów prawnych, odpowiedzialnych za ochronę granicy państwowej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem przeciwdziałania zagrożeniom związanym z wykorzystaniem statków powietrznych zakwalifikowanych do kategorii RENEGADE.

The Alliance's Strategic Concept as a formal document is a statement in which NATO points out political and military resources and the means of gaining assumed goals. It re-defines basic tasks and rules, determines main features of the new security environment, displays full-scale approach to the collective security and constitutes the background for future reforms and transformations of its member's armed forces. In the new Alliance's Strategic Concept the need of engaging NATO out of its border lines, in order to prevent particular threats, is clearly outlined. It forces the expeditionary feature on the Alliance and therefore the respective abilities are required. Those abilities focus on carrying out expeditionary operations; hence one of the leading aspects will be the use of aviation. The paper consists of two principal parts. The first part focuses on the analysis of current NATO's Strategic Concept in a context of leading its expeditionary operations beyond the area of its responsibility. Attention was drawn upon the essential problems with implementation of expeditionary operations in the future. The second part gives us characteristics of the aviation as one of the key tools in Alliance's expeditionary operations. The key requirements which the aforementioned forces need to fulfil were presented, as well as the estimated scope of the use of aviation in typical expeditionary operations.