Suchergebnisse

The evaluation of a language learner's proficiency in second language is a task that normally involves comparing the learner's production with a learning framework of the target language. A broad framework is the Common European Framework for Languages (CEFR), which addresses language learning in general and is broadly used in the European Union, while serving as reference in countries outside the EU as well. In this study, we automatically annotated a corpus of texts produced by language learners with pedagogically relevant grammatical structures and we observed how these structures are being employed by learners from different proficiency levels. We analyzed the use of structures both in terms of evolution along the levels and in terms of level in which the structures are used the most. The annotated resource, SGATe, presents a rich source of information for teachers that wish to compare the production of their students with those of already certified language learners.

The evaluation of a language learner's proficiency in second language is a task that normally involves comparing the learner's production with a learning framework of the target language. A broad framework is the Common European Framework for Languages (CEFR), which addresses language learning in general and is broadly used in the European Union, while serving as reference in countries outside the EU as well. In this study, we automatically annotated a corpus of texts produced by language learners with pedagogically relevant grammatical structures and we observed how these structures are being employed by learners from different proficiency levels. We analyzed the use of structures both in terms of evolution along the levels and in terms of level in which the structures are used the most. The annotated resource, SGATe, presents a rich source of information for teachers that wish to compare the production of their students with those of already certified language learners.

Resumo: Na atividade canavieira paulista constatou-se prejuízo econômico entre as safras 2007/08 e 2011/12, fato que leva ao objetivo do presente estudo: responder por que estes produtores mantêm-se no fornecimento de cana-de-açúcar. Além da análise tradicional de viabilidade, o estudo incorporou à análise o uso da Teoria das Opções Reais, proposta que inclui no modelo de decisão a flexibilidade gerencial do investidor. Foram analisados dois projetos típicos de investimento em cana-de-açúcar nas regiões de Piracicaba e Sertãozinho. Considerando-se o método do fluxo de caixa descontado, obteve-se estimativas que apontam para a atratividade econômica do plantio de cana em ambas as regiões, haja vista a resposta positiva dos Valores Presentes Líquidos calculados. Tais evidências foram corroboradas quando da utilização da Teoria das Opções Reais, proposta que incorpora no modelo de decisão a flexibilidade gerencial do investidor. Ressaltam-se como principais parâmetros de impacto na viabilidade financeira de empreendimentos canavieiros o preço e a qualidade da cana-de-açúcar e a produtividade agrícola. Ações que visem ganhos de produtividade agrícola são apontadas como motivadoras de ganhos financeiros, enquanto que, em termos de políticas públicas, cita-se a possibilidade de ajustes no sistema de precificação da gasolina C e na tributação dos derivados da cana-de-açúcar.