This article analyses difficulties in the process of social integration of young people in a society undergoing transition. Particular attenttio is devoted to conflicts between youth as a social group and adult society, which can result in social exclusion. Findings are based on longitudinal sociological surveys covering youth in 12 regions of the Russian Federation since 1990. This research is part of an ongoing project entitled 'Youth Integration and Social Exclusion'. Using the concepts of 'integration' and 'exclusion', a detailed assessment is made of conflicts involving youth in the labour market, and of the difficulties they face, such as unemployment, violation of work rights, and declining occupational status. The impact of these factors on young people's work motivation in the period 1990‐98 is assessed.
Analyzes difficulties in the process of social integration of young people in a society undergoing transition. Particular attention is devoted to conflicts between youth as a social group & adult society, which can result in social exclusion. Findings are based on longitudinal sociological surveys covering youth (ages 15-29) in 12 regions of the Russian Federation since 1990. Using the concepts of "integration" & "exclusion," a detailed assessment is made of conflicts involving youth in the labor market, & of the difficulties they face, such as unemployment, violation of work rights, & declining occupational status. The impact of these factors on young people's work motivation in the period 1990-98 is assessed. 4 Tables, 2 Figures, 1 Photograph, 5 References. Adapted from the source document.
Gegenstand der Untersuchung sind Probleme der Integration junger Menschen in einer Übergangsgesellschaft. Im Mittelpunkt stehen Konflikte zwischen der Jugend und der Erwachsenenwelt, die zu sozialer Exklusion führen können. Die Datenbasis bildet eine 1990 beginnende Längsschnittstudie zur Lage der Jugend in zwölf Regionen der Russischen Föderation. Diese Studie ist Teil des Forschungsprojekts "Integration der Jugend und soziale Exklusion". Ausgehend von den Begriffen Integration und Exklusion werden Konflikte junger Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt und Probleme wie Arbeitslosigkeit, Verstöße gegen das Arbeitsrecht und sinkender beruflicher Status behandelt. Auswirkungen auf die Entwicklung der Arbeitsmotivation junger Menschen in den Jahren 1990 bis 1998 werden analysiert. (ICEÜbers)
Young people's transitioning into adulthood is accompanied by their inclusion into society's socio-cultural context, together with the development of their own cultural models and interaction practices. Youth cultural space develops as a result of layered connections between young people and culture in general – elements of which are simultaneously inherited and altered by them – as well as subculture models, which emerge in the realm of intra-group interactions, i.e. within youth communities. During the dialectical process of inheritance, denial and construction, young people obtain their own social-group characteristics. In turn their cultural space is distinguished by features which differentiate their activities from other social groups. In modern society youth cultural space is very much a self-regulating realm, within which occurs the development and construction of the most important values which then become the foundation for purpose in life. Base culture plays an essential role in shaping purpose, with its models – contained within the collective unconscious – being directly linked to historic memory. Historic memory, reflected in archetypical and mental structures, influences the content of life purpose values. Engraining itself into habitus during the habitualization process, it becomes the basis for purpose which defines the direction for behavioral predispositions. Together with historic memory, youth life purpose values are significantly influenced by everyday knowledge and experience, which accumulate as a result of young people interacting with others participating in the development of cultural space. In order to confirm self-regulation of youth life purpose values as a holistic process, this article analyzes the connection between young people's concepts on the meaning of life and various types of culture, archetypes, mentality, habitus. This was facilitated by the fact that the article presents results of developing a cultural space typology, of highlighting – based on analyzing existing approaches towards studying the unconscious – the most common archetypes, mental and modern features of national character, habitual attitudes. Analyzing their relationship allowed for tracing the influence of each on the development of young people's purposes in life during the self-regulation process. The article substantiates the conclusion – drawn as a result of analyzing how life purposes are connected with types of culture and archetypes – that young people for the most part accept traditional culture, which defines the general direction for the development of meaning in their lives. Based on analyzing the connection between life purpose values and mental, modern features of national character, the study reveals the dialectics of "traditional" and "contemporary" in the altering of meanings in young people's lives. Analyzing the connection between life purpose values and habitus allows us to consider the modification (hybridization) of meanings in the process of developing behavioral inclinations among young people in terms of self-regulating their living activity. Therefore self-regulation of young people's life purpose values appears to be a dynamic process which fills their lives with new meanings in an evolving cultural space.
Die Verfasser referieren Ergebnisse verschiedener empirischer Untersuchungen zur politischen Einstellung Jugendlicher und junger Erwachsener in Rußland. Gefragt wird nach der Parteipräferenz, der Einstellung zu politischen Grundrichtungen der Transformation, der Einstellung zu Kirche und Militär sowie der Einstellung zu Politikern und politischen Institutionen. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse decken den Zeitraum zwischen 1990 und 1996 ab. Sie machen deutlich, daß die Jugend in Rußland über die Parlamentswahlen 1993 und 1995 sowie die Präsidentschaftswahlen 1996 eine stabile Zustimmung zu Demokratie und radikaler Gesellschaftsreform artikulieren und bei Wahlen Parteien und Kandidaten der politischen Mitte unterstützen. (BIOst-Wpt)
