Suchergebnisse

A duração média da gestação canina é de 63 dias, podendo variar de 56 a 72 dias de acordo com a raça e o tamanho da ninhada. A taxa de mortalidade neonatal é elevada, podendo ter causas diversas que incluem: hipóxia associada à distocia, doenças genéticas, más condições de higiene no canil, doenças infecciosas, tríade neonatal, entre outras. O objetivo desta revisão é conhecer as causas de mortalidade neonatal em cadelas com enfoque nas distocias, reconhecer e intervir no parto distócico e os cuidados iniciais com o neonato visando diminuição na perda de filhotes. A revisão da literatura foi realizada no período de dezembro de 2022 a dezembro de 2023, nas plataformas de busca Google Acadêmico e Pubmed. Quando o parto não ocorre da maneira programada e a fêmea não consegue expulsar os fetos, sendo um ou mais, é denominado distocia, tendo sua origem materna, fetal ou mista. O Médico Veterinário tem um papel importante na redução de causas evitáveis de distocia, através da orientação dos tutores acerca de um acasalamento apropriado e cuidados durante a gestação.
Palavras-chave: Prenhez. Canicultura. Parto. Filhote de Cachorro.
Abstract
The average duration of pregnancy in dogs is 63 days, which can vary between 56 and 72 days depending on breed and litter size. The mortality rate in newborns is high and can have various causes: Hypoxia associated with dystocia, genetic diseases, poor hygiene conditions in the kennel, infectious diseases, neonatal triad and others. The aim of this review is to understand the causes of dystocia, outline the necessary care during gestation in predisposed bitches and neonatal care leading to a reduction in neonatal mortality, and review the need for interventions during gestation. The literature search was conducted from December 2022 to December 2023 using the Google Scholar and Pubmed search platforms. When the birth does not proceed as planned and the bitch is unable to expel one or more fetuses, it is called dystocia, and the cause may be maternal, fetal or mixed. Veterinarians play an important role in reducing the preventable causes of dystocia by advising owners on appropriate mating and care during pregnancy.
Keywords: Pregnancy. Canine care. Parturition. Puppy.

Resumo: Este trabalho visa comprovar a existência de mercado para a carne ovina em cidades médias próximas a Presidente Prudente (mercado regional) e a percepção desses consumidores sobre os produtos que adquirem. Foram entrevistados 3.249 pessoas em oito cidades médias próximas utilizando-se formulários implementados em dispositivos portáteis. Investigou-se a frequência de consumo (atual e potencial) e opiniões sobre as características da carne ovina, e preferências de aquisição e consumo. Parte dos dados obtidos, referentes aos consumidores de carne ovina, foi tabulada e submetida a testes de validação e consistência interna; técnicas de estatística descritiva e multivariada. Do total de pessoas entrevistadas, 38,5% foram considerados consumidores de fato. O estudo comprovou que existe grande demanda de carne ovina nos municípios analisados em consumo domiciliar mensal, preferencialmente, na forma assada (68,5% na brasa e 18,8% no forno). A aquisição de produtos sem garantias oficiais de inspeção continua elevada, sendo que os supermercados apresentaram os piores níveis de satisfação em relação ao preço praticado (ao contrário da compra direta do produtor), mas, mesmo assim, este canal de comercialização de varejo é reconhecido como fornecedor de produtos seguros do ponto de vista higiênico-sanitário.

Foi realizado levantamento original a 139 pessoas no município de Presidente Prudente SP utilizando questionário composto por 20 perguntas, objetivando verificar o interesse de potenciais consumidores no aumento de sua frequência de consumo da carne ovina e, paralelamente, identificar aspectos que apontassem melhores estratégias mercadológicas para orientar agentes de diferentes segmentos da cadeia de produção e comercialização de carne ovina. Os dados obtidos foram tabulados e uma subamostra formada por consumidores de carne ovina foi submetida a análises de estatística descritiva e multivariada. Os resultados demonstraram que há interesse dos entrevistados no aumento da frequência de consumo, passando de uma a duas vezes ao ano para o consumo bimestral. Além disso, foi possível observar que a carne ovina é ainda essencialmente adquirida diretamente de produtores rurais (40% dos entrevistados); consumida no próprio domicílio (50%), na casa de parentes e amigos (40,5%); geralmente grelhada e assada na brasa (57%) ou assada no forno (29%). Por sua vez, a análise estatística multivariada apontou que os níveis de insatisfação de consumidores com a disponibilidade de produtos em supermercados continuam elevados; que famílias com menores níveis de renda possuem grande interesse em aumentar a frequência de consumo; que o ponto de cozimento preferido da carne tem relação direta com a forma de preparo. Ademais, a saudabilidade nutricional da carne ovina obteve o reconhecimento de 87,3% dos entrevistados e deveria ser explorada mercadologicamente pois tem relação direta com o interesse no aumento da frequência de consumo.

Palavras-chave: Agronegócio. Economia Regional. Multivariada. Ovinocultura. Pontal do Paranapanema.


Abstract
An original survey was carried out with 139 people in the municipality of Presidente Prudente SP using a questionnaire consisting of 20 questions, aiming to verify the interest of potential consumers in increasing their frequency of consumption of lamb meat and, in parallel, to identify aspects that would point to better marketing strategies to guide agents from different segments of the sheep meat production and commercialization chain. The data obtained were tabulated and a subsample formed by sheep meat consumers was submitted to descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that respondents are interested in increasing the frequency of consumption, from once or twice a year to bimonthly consumption. Furthermore, it was possible to observe that sheep meat is still essentially purchased directly from rural producers (40% of respondents); consumed at home (50%), at the home of relatives and friends (40.5%); usually grilled and grilled (57%) or baked in the oven (29%). In turn, the multivariate statistical analysis showed that the levels of consumer dissatisfaction with the availability of products in supermarkets remain high; that families with lower income levels have a great interest in increasing the frequency of consumption; that the preferred cooking point of the meat is directly related to the way of preparation. Furthermore, the nutritional healthiness of sheep meat was recognized by 87.3% of the interviewees and should be explored in terms of marketing, as it is directly related to the interest in increasing the frequency of consumption.

Keywords: Agribusiness. Multivariate. Regional Economics. Sheep. Pontal do Paranapanema

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of replacing oat hay with coffee husk for the feeding of confined lambs. In this study, 24 male Texel lambs of approximately 60 days of age and with a mean ± standard error weight of 21.95 ± 5.81 kg were examined. Their diet was composed of 30% oat hay and 70% concentrated feed per kilogram of dry matter. The experimental design was randomized and included four treatments (0, 7.5, 15, and 22.5% of coffee husk in the total dry matter), with six replicates of each treatment. The animals were slaughtered when they reached a mean live weight of 32 kg. There was no significant difference in dry matter intake and mean daily weight gain (which were 197 g day-1) among treatments. The mean daily weight gain (DWG) was not significantly affected (P > 0.05) by the replacement of oat hay with coffee husk in the diet, with the overall mean DWG being 215.05 g day-1. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) among treatments in any of the studied carcass variables, and the mean true carcass yield was 53.9%. The lambs presented a mean finishing score of 2.96 (on a scale of 1 to 5) and a conformation of 4.21 (on a scale of 1 to 6), characterizing them as good carcasses. In terms of economic viability, the 7.5% diet stood out as the one that had the highest profitability, generating a profit of $ 3.25 USD per kg of carcass produced. Coffee husk can therefore replace oat hay in the feed of finishing lambs in concentrations of 0.075 to 0.225 kg kg-¹ of total dry matter with biological and economical efficacy and generating good commercial carcasses.

This study aimed to evaluate the Texel lambs' meat quality fed with increasing levels of crude glycerin (0, 7, 14, and 21% of dry matter) in the diet. Thirthy-two-two non-castrated male Texel lambs were used, with initial weight of 15.9 ± 4.1 kg, using a completely randomized design with four treatments and eight repetitions, per treatment. Upon reaching the average weight of 35 kg, the animals were slaughtered. The meat chemical composition was similar among treatments (P>0.05) and total lipids and crude protein presented averages of 3.47 and 20.05 g 100g -1, respectively. No changes in pH, marbling, color, and water loss under pressure were observed. The shear force did not change among treatments and the texture can be considered soft, with average values of 5.48 kgf. There was a linear (P0.05) were observed for the attributes flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptance among treatments. Fatty acids in higher proportions in the meat lamb were to C18:1n-9 (1298.90 mg 100g-1), C16:0 (709.07 mg 100g-1) and C18:0 (433.30 mg 100g-1), with percentages of 42.72, 23.07 and 14.35%, respectively. Significant difference according to the glycerin level in the diet was observed only for the margaric acid (C17:0) with an increasing linear effect, reaching 58.95 mg 100g-1 muscle to the group with 21% crude glycerin, corresponding to 1.77% of total fatty acids. The other fatty acids did not change, and provided a satisfactory result for conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), totaling about 6.1 mg 100 g-1 muscle, corresponding to 0.21% of total lipids. The use of glycerin in the diet for finishing lambs does not alter the characteristics of the meat, maintaining the product quality for consumption.

<p>The current study aims to assess the effect from crude glycerin inclusion (0, 7, 14, and 21% dry matter) in the diet of slaughtered lamb on their development, nutrient consumption, biometrical measures, diet economic viability and carcass features. Thirty two (32) non-castrated male Texel lambs were used in the study, they presented mean initial weight 15.9 ± 4.1 kilos and were distributed in casual outlining. They were fed with four treatments, with 8 repetitions. Animals were slaughtered when they reached approximately 35 kilos. The mean total weight gain was 20.72 kilos and mean daily weight gain was 260 grams. No changes resulted from glycerin use. The carcass performance was similar among treatments (P&gt;0.05) and the cold carcass performance (CCP) was 44.68%. There were no effects (P&gt;0.05) on the loin eye area (LEA) and on fat thickness (FT); they showed averages of 13.66 cm2 and 0.84 mm, respectively. Nutrition cost per animal during the whole confinement period varied between R$82.60 (eighty-two Reais and forty-eight cents) to R$92.48. The smallest nutrition amount consisted of 21% crude glycerin. The gross profit ranged from R$30.75 to R$ 34.01 per animal, for feed without glycerin and 21% glycerin, respectively. Animal development was not impacted by glycerin introduction, even with decrease on dry and organic mass consumption. The result showed that crude glycerin inclusion might be used in lambs' diet. Whenever there are big amounts of feed involved in the process, the 21% crude glycerin addition may be an interesting cost reduction. Seventy eight percent (78%) glycerol crude glycerin to replace corn-based feed in confined lambs' diet appeared to be nutritionally and economically viable.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>

A estrutura da pastagem é uma característica determinante tanto da dinâmica de crescimento da planta quanto do comportamento ingestivo dos animais. O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever a densidade da forragem e a proporção dos componentes morfológicos da planta, nos estratos verticais de pastagens de capim Marandu, submetido ao pastejo em diferentes alturas. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado e as análises de variância e de regressão. Durante o experimento, as alturas médias dos seis piquetes utilizados foram de 10, 17, 18, 29, 32 e 50 cm. O material coletado foi separado, em lâmina foliar, colmo verde e material morto, que foram analisados quanto ao teor de matéria seca, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro. Os estratos verticais apresentaram diferentes composições em relação aos componentes morfológicos de acordo com a altura do pasto. Os estratos próximos ao solo apresentaram maior densidade de forragem com valores de 370 a 543 kg/ha.cm, maior proporção de colmos verdes (30 a 53%) e material morto (25 a 52%) e menor de lâminas foliares (10 a 35%). Independente da altura do pasto, os estratos superiores são mais sensíveis aos efeitos do animal e do ambiente, e apresentaram maiores teores de PB e FDN para lâminas foliares e colmos. Nos estratos acima de 15 cm, os valores de PB e FDN das lâminas foliares verdes variaram entre 10,3 e 13,6% e 49,3 e 54,2%, respectivamente. O manejo em diferentes alturas altera as características dos estratos verticais do pasto, principalmente, nos estratos acima de 15 cm.

Palavras-chave: Altura do Pasto. Densidade Forrageira. Colmos Verdes. Material Morto. Lâmina Foliar.

Abstract
The pasture structure is a determining characteristic of both the plant growth dynamics and the animals ingestive behavior. The objective of the work was to describe the density and the proportion of the plant'morphological components, in the pastures vertical strata of Marandu grass, subjected to grazing at different heights. The design used was completely randomized and the analysis of variance and regression. During the experiment, the average heights of six paddocks used were 10, 17, 18, 29, 32 and 50 cm. The collected material was separated into leaf blade, green stem and dead material, which were analyzed as to the dry matter content, crude protein and fiber in neutral detergent. The vertical strata presented different compositions in relation to the morphological components according to the height of the pasture. The near-soil strata showed higher forage density with values from 370 to 543 kg/ha.cm, higher proportion of green stems (30 to 53%) and dead material (25 to 52%) and smaller number of leaf blades (10 to 35%). Regardless of the height of the pasture, the upper strata are more sensitive to the animal and the environment effects, and presented higher levels of CP and NDF for leaf blades and stems. In the strata above 15 cm, the values of PB and NDF of the green leaf blades varied between 10.3 and 13.6% and 49.3 and 54.2%, respectively. The management of different heights change the characteristics of the pasturevertical strata, mainly in the strata above 15 cm.

Keywords: Height of the Pasture. Forage Density. Green Stems. Dead Material. Leaf Laminas.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características de desempenho, carcaça e qualidade da carne de borregas terminadas em dois sistemas: com suas mães no sistema de creep feeding e confinadas após o desmame. Dezesseis borregas mestiças Texel x Hampshire Down foram divididas em dois tratamentos: borregas com suas mães, alimentadas em creep feed ou desmamadas e confinadas. A dieta oferecida aos dois tratamentos consistiu em 420 g kg-1 de volumoso (cana-de-açúcar) e 580 g kg-1 de concentrado, com adição de 70 g kg-1 de glicerina bruta na matéria seca da dieta. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas no início e no final do período experimental para avaliar a glicemia. Os animais foram abatidos quando atingiram peso vivo médio de 28 kg. Os animais terminados no sistema creep feeding apresentaram maior nível de glicose plasmática. Os valores médios obtidos para as características de peso e rendimento de carcaça foram maiores para os animais criados no sistema creep feeding. Em geral, as variáveis de composição química e características da carne dos animais não diferiram entre os sistemas de terminação, exceto o valor do pH e a capacidade de retenção de água. As características de desempenho e qualidade da carne de borregas terminadas nos sistemas avaliados foram semelhantes, e as borregas terminadas no sistema creep feeding tiveram carcaças mais pesadas do que as terminadas nos sistemas de confinamento.

Palavras-chave: Ganho de peso. Ovinos. Rendimento de carcaça. Subproduto.

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance, carcass and meat quality traits of ewe lambs finished in two systems: with their mothers in a creep feeding system and early weaning followed by feedlot. Sixteen Texel × Hampshire Down crossbred ewe lambs were separated into two treatment groups, consisting of ewe lambs with their mothers, fed by creep feeding or weaned and confined. The diet offered to both treatments consisted of 420 g kg-1 of roughage (sugar cane) and 580 g kg-1 concentrate, with the addition of 70 g kg-1 of crude glycerin in the dry matter of the diet. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of the experimental period to measure plasma glucose content. The animals were slaughtered when they reached an average of 28 kg live weight. Animals finished in creep feeding systems had a higher amount of plasma glucose. The mean values obtained for weight and yield carcass characteristics were better in creep feeding. In general, the chemical composition and meat quality variables did not differ between the finishing systems, except for the pH value and water loss under pressure. The performance and meat quality traits of ewe lambs in the evaluated finishing systems were similar, and the ewe lambs in the creep feeding system had greater carcass weight than ewe lambs finishing in feedlot systems.

Keywords: Byproducts. Carcass Yield. Sheep. Weight Gain.