Suchergebnisse

Environment-related migration in China is shaped by a complex set of factors and their interactions. The central question addressed in this study is: how does economic well-being at the household level change after displacement and what shapes it? Based on a survey of households displaced in the Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province between 2004 and 2009, the study demonstrates that livelihood reconstruction is influenced by a mixture of household, institutional and community contextual factors. Government-led resettlement could be an effective approach to diversifying livelihood and building the future resilience of households to rural poverty and environmental change. The study contributes to the discussion on economic outcomes of resettlement due to environmental change, which can assist in suggesting how to improve the economic well-being of the recently resettled populations. Further resettlement action and policy measures need to be adjusted based on a more comprehensive understanding of the variety of factors that affect people's overall well-being to develop better ways to ensure improved livelihoods and long-term well-being of the displaced.

AbstractLittle is known about the interdependence between surface and groundwater extractions and trade. Groundwater metered extraction was modelled at the bore level (n = 1,890) in the Goulburn‐Murray Irrigation District, Victoria, from 2007–08 to 2016–17 to understand its associations with hydrologic, location, climatic, and economic factors. Surface and groundwater extractions were found to be substitutes for each other, with groundwater extractions statistically significantly increasing when: (i) bores were closer to surface water watercourses, (ii) surface water allocations and rainfall were lower, and (iii) surface water temporary market prices and entitlement trade out‐of‐zone volumes were higher. Other key groundwater extraction influences included pumping costs and commodity prices.

This study provides an overview of extension influence on the adoption of irrigation innovations in developed and developing countries, and finds that extension plays a more significant positive role in influencing soft technology adoption in developing countries. Case studies on the nature, use and availability of extension advice in six irrigation schemes in Tanzania, Mozambique and Zimbabwe are presented. The use of government extension officers varied significantly, with extension use not linked to farm outcomes. The results suggest the need to support more diverse sources of advice and to promote institutional reform in south-eastern Africa.