Suchergebnisse

Since the turn of the millennium in particular, protest movements have often been characterized by Black Bloc tactics of confrontation and street fighting between anarchist militants and police forces. This article analyses the Black Bloc's philosophy, dynamics, organization, praxis, and goals. After discussing the relationship between the Black Bloc and violence, the article analyses dynamics within militant anarchism that open the way for the formation of autonomous terrorist cells, as well as the potential for lone wolf terrorism in the movement. Adapted from the source document.

This article on comparative politics examines and develops the concept of missionary politics as a contemporary example of the sacralization of politics. Resorting to recent cases in Europe and South America, in this interdisciplinary study the author demonstrates how missionary politics is a form of political religion led by charismatic leaders geared towards a mission of salvation, bringing together followers through political liturgy. The article concludes with a discussion on the consequences of this missionary form of conducting politics for the study of religion, populism, nationalism and democracy. Adapted from source document.

This article analyses the context, politics and ongoing uproar sparked by the spelling reform of the Portuguese language. It provides a brief history of the reform, and identifies the major themes for and against the orthographic agreement that emerged from the public discussion in Portugal. It discusses the relationship between the Portuguese language and national and transnational identities, as well as the reasons driving the effort to consolidate the geolinguistic and geopolitical space of Lusophonia in globalised times. Adapted from the source document.

Through the application of an analytical model categorized as 'missionary,' this article examines the cultural and political-religious frames that sustain the leadership of Hugo Chavez. It demonstrates that missionary politics is a forceful presence in today's Venezuela, and should be understood as a form of political religion characterized by a dynamic relationship between a charismatic leader and a moral community that is invested with a mission of salvation against conspiratorial enemies. The leader's verbal and nonverbal discourses play an essential role in the development of such a missionary mode of politics, which seeks to provide the alienated mass of underprivileged citizens with an identity and a sense of active participation in national affairs. This study argues that purely utilitarian and materialistic explanations of Chavez's leadership fail to capture these soteriological dynamics in his movement. Adapted from the source document.

In particular since the turn of the millennium, social scientists have identified anti-Muslim sentiment as a key feature of the European extreme-right. This article will discuss the history and validity of the term 'Islamophobia', and will probe into the development of the theme of 'Eurabia' in extreme-right wing ideology. The author will analyze the manner in which visions of a Muslim settlement and 'takeover' of Europe have the potential to create a cross-national reconfiguration of extreme-right ideology, a thematic shift, and a movement toward convergence between different sides of the ideological spectrum. The author argues that this ideology is not static, and that its potential new direction challenges significant assumptions of the current literature on the extreme-right. Adapted from the source document.

This article examines the recent emergence and increasing visibility in Portugal of an extreme right party, the Partido Nacional Renovador (National Renewal Party), whose driving force is no longer nostalgia for the 'New State' of Salazar but rather the rejection of modern trends such as globalisation, immigration, and the overriding influence of supranational bodies like the European Union. It looks at the structural conditions that have facilitated the National Renewal Party's emergence, and outlines the main features, themes, and values of the party's ideological core. It then focuses both on the conditions that might lead the party to achieve an electoral breakthrough and the obstacles that can impede its development. It argues that the traditionally perceived 'marginalisation' of the Portuguese extreme right, in a context of crisis and the emergence of a political entrepreneur who could profit from it and supply a new alternative, may come to an end. Adapted from the source document.