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The question of the universality of human rights has much in common with the question of the universality of ethics. In the form of a multidisciplinary reflexive survey, the aim of this article is to show how human rights discourses derive from more basic principles related to basic needs. These needs are the universal grammar for moral principles, which will be distinguished from ethical norms. Ethical norms, I will argue, are rules that develop in social groups to put into effect moral principles through communicative action and therefore develop as culturally specific norms, which guide behaviour within these social groups. This will explain why ethical norms contain some universal principles, but are largely culturally specific. In order to shed some light on the universality debate, I will show how moral principles translate into ethical norms and might manifest through communicative action in human rights law. For this purpose the article develops a socio-legal account on social norm-creation that bridges moral universality and legal universality via ethical pluralism, which in effect explains why despite the universality of moral principles, the outcomes of ethical rationales can vary extremely.

2015 has shaken the EU to its core. Hard upon the heels of geopolitical upheavals in Ukraine, as well as internal battles to define both Eurozone and energy governance, the refugee crisis has prompted a sober reckoning of the EU's competence and its humanity. With an increasing number of articles and Special Issues in Politics and Governance focusing upon key aspects of the EU as both a political actor, and a source of governance, our autumn 2015 editorial looks briefly at the significance of the refugee crisis in the context of the EU's current response and future options.

2.5 quintillion bytes of data are created every day through pictures, messages, gps-data, etc. "Big Data" is seen simultaneously as the new Philosophers Stone and Pandora's box: a source of great knowledge and power, but equally, the root of serious problems.

The rise of open source online journals, free online courses, and other changes in the research and education environment, coined the "academic spring" by some commentators, represents an increasing trend in opening up the rules of access for research. Universities, libraries, publishers and even govern­ments are paying attention to this new movement often referred to with the acronym A2K (access to knowledge).

We are proud to welcome our readers, contributors and reviewers to this inaugural issue of Politics and Governance, published by Librello Publishing House—a peer reviewed, open-source journal dedicated to the study of politics in the national, regional and global realm, and the modes and methods of governance in all its manifestations.

We are proud to welcome our readers, contributors and reviewers to this inaugural issue of Politics and Governance, published by Librello Publishing House—a peer reviewed, open-source journal dedicated to the study of politics in the national, regional and global realm, and the modes and methods of governance in all its manifestations.

We are proud to welcome our readers, contributors and reviewers to this inaugural issue of Politics and Governance, published by Librello Publishing House—a peer reviewed, open-source journal dedicated to the study of politics in the national, regional and global realm, and the modes and methods of governance in all its manifestations.

While being an innovative way to use data and statistical methods to forecast the probability of crime and improve the effectiveness of resource deployment, Predictive Policing is based on many underpinning assumptions. The main ethical issues relating to PP revolve around such topics as data selection and machine bias, visualisation and interpretation of forecasts, transparency and accountability, time and effectiveness, as well as the problem of stigmatisation of individuals, environments and community areas. This translates into the legal domain and particularly into questions relating to privacy. The current legislative framework only partly addresses these issues, focusing mainly on individual rights and not on groups and how they might be affected. The main societal concerns relating to the use of Predictive Policing regard the establishment of trust. In this overview developed in cooperation with several European law enforcement agencies and members of civil society, we argue that, if Predictive Policing's main target is to reduce crime rates, then, its effectiveness is still unclear. ; Embora o policiamento preditivo (PP) seja uma modo inovador de usar dados e métodos estatísticos para prever a probabilidade de criminalidade e melhorar a eficácia do uso de recursos, baseia-se em muitas suposições subjacentes. As principais questões éticas relacionadas com o PP relacionam-se com temas como a seleção de dados e viés da máquina (machine bias), visualização e interpretação de previsões, transparência e responsabilidade, tempo e eficácia, assim como o problema da estigmatização de indivíduos, ambientes e áreas da comunidade. Estes problemas têm repercussões no domínio jurídico e, particularmente, no direito à privacidade. O atual quadro legislativo trata apenas parcialmente dessas questões, concentrando-se principalmente nos direitos individuais e não nos dos grupos e em como eles podem ser afetados. As principais preocupações sociais relacionadas com o uso do policiamento preditivo têm que ver com o estabelecimento da confiança. Neste nosso contributo, desenvolvido em cooperação com várias agências policiais e membros da sociedade civil, alegamos que não está ainda demonstrada a eficácia do policiamento preditivo na redução das taxas de criminalidade.

The internationalization of professional practices and the export of western technology and higher education are accompanied by a need to establish international standards of ethics across different professions. This pioneering and provocative group of essays constitutes essential reading for those interested in understanding, formulating, and teaching ethical standards for professions in an international and particularly cross-cultural context