Suchergebnisse

To the question of the methodology of the study of modern nationalisms Anderson's radical change in the perspective of the studies of nations allow to consider them beyond traditional subjectivation and objectification as imagined communities, standing on the same level as the worldviews of world religions. The article is devoted to clarifying the conditions of such comparison of nations and religions. Anderson himself explained this correlation with the concepts like "cultural artefacts" and "wide cultural systems". These concepts, however, are not very clear and are not provided with an appropriate methodology. The article argues that the juxtaposition of religious and national communities is methodologically grounded through the application of the phenomenological concept of symbolic universes to them. The latter are understood as the comprehensive horizons of meanings that legitimize local lifeworlds. The crite- rion for defining of the symbolic universe is the presence of legitimation of death as the man's most marginalized experience. The application of the concept of symbolic universes to contem- porary communities reveals the ultimate forms of collective identity, the competition between which defines the outlines of actual world politics. ; Радикальна зміна перспективи у дослідженні націй, здійснена Б. Андерсоном, дає можливість розглянути їх поза традиційною суб'єктивацією та уречевленням, як «уявлені спільноти», що стоять на одному щаблі зі світоглядами світових релігій. Стаття присвячена проясненню умов можливості такого співставлення націй та релігій, яке, у самого Б. Андерсона, відбувається через віднесення до не зовсім чітких та зрозумілих понять на кшталт «культурних артефактів» та «широких культурних систем», не забезпечених відповідним методологічним інструментарієм. Доводиться, що співставлення релігійних та національних спільнот стає методологічно обґрунтованим через застосування до них феноменологічно-соціологічного концепту «символічних універсумів» як всеосяжних горизонтів значень, що леґітимують локальні життєсвіти. Критерієм виділення символічного універсуму є наявність механізмів леґітима- ції смерті як найбільш марґінального досвіду людини. Застосування концепту символічних уні- версумів до сучасних спільнот дозволяє виявити граничні форми колективної ідентичності, конкуренція між якими визначає контури актуальної світової політики.

Two different approaches to the problem of social contract represented in modern philosophy are being investigated in this article. First approach based on theory of mutual advantage and rooted from Hobbes philosophy. Second approach based on fundamental moral intuition of equal respect to each person as moral entity and connected with tradition of moral philosophy rooted from Kant. The influence of this tradition was increased after "The Theory of Justice" by Jon Rawls was published. In this work post-metaphysical version of Kantian procedure universalism was developed. From Kantian point of view understanding of social contract as mutual advantage based on extra-moral ground hence it is beyond normative political philosophy and philosophy of law. The author argues that both directions of contractarianism reveal the similarity in using definite type of moral argumentation. The last one is connected with specific morality of law which starts from priority of the rights under obligations. This morality based on ontological understanding of human being as fundamental indefinite, so be able to bear threat. ; ***

The article studies the influence of zoomorphic images on the archaic coinage of Ionia and Asia Minor on the Scythian animal style. The borrowing of ancient coin images and designs by Scythians has long been the subject of a separate study. However, as a rule, the attention of researchers was limited to a circle of prestigious things made of precious metals mainly in the second half of the 5 th—4 th centuries BC. As it will be shown in this article, the influence of the Ionian and Asia Minor coinage on the formation of images of the Scythian animal style can be traced at least from the turn of the 6 th—5 th centuries BC and manifests itself not only in prestigious items, but also in quite ordinary bronze plaques, mainly decorating horse bridles. It is proved that in a number of cases, within the framework of the Scythian animal style, there was a direct borrowing of coin images and motifs (the full face of a lion, the motif of a four-fingered clawed paw, composition consisting of three boar heads). In other cases, the influence of coinage on the formation of images of the Scythian animal style seems more than likely (profile images of a cat predator and a lion, the "bird on a fish" plot). It is suggested that the influence of archaic Greek coinage on the Scythian animal style could be associated with waves of Ionian and Asia Minor migrants to the Northern Black Sea region in the second half of the 6 th—early 5 th centuries BC, or with the contacts between the Scythians, Ionians and Greeks during the Scythian-Persian war and the period immediately following it.

The article studies the silver bull protome found in mound no. 2 of "Karavan" group near the town Lubotyn, Kharkiv region (Seversky Donets basin). For the first time, all protome fragments are published and their graphic reconstruction is carried out. It is proved that the item in question was part of a rhyton. Morphological analysis of the rhyton makes it possible to date it to the late 7th — early 6th centuries BC. The iconographic and stylistic analysis allows us concluding that this rhyton is one of the earliest in the series of rhyta which later became widespread in the Achaemenid Empire. It has been suggested that the place of its production was Western Iran — historical Media or Elam — where Assyrian art had a significant influence on local cultural traditions. Many considerations are expressed about the cult of the bull in the Scythian culture of the Archaic period.