In the second half of the nineteenth century, the colonial authority turned 4 ports namelyMakassar, Ambon, Banda and Menado to become "free ports" while another, Timor-Kupang, an"international port." In the same period, opium imported from Bengal, Manila, and areas in India,became one of the most sought after commodities in Southeast Asia and especially in the DucthIndies. This paper discusses the opium trade in the five ports in the eastern part of what is nowIndonesia, between 1850-1870. The export and import data show that opium was highly soughtafter like a primary commodities (such as rice and textile). The farming system for opium traderegulated by the colonial government was dominated by Chinese traders.
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented various problems and also has an impact on business actors, especially those engaged in the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector. They complained about the decline in sales, purchases, and even venture capital. The decline in MSME productivity, in a decrease in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the regions, as well as the Human Development Index (IPM). Therefore, this study seeks to examine changes in MSME empowerment policies during the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to increase the competitiveness of business actors in Cianjur Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The data analysis technique was carried out through three stages, namely open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Research informants came from a) Department of Cooperatives, MSMEs, Trade and Industry of Cianjur Regency; b) Center for Integrated Services of SMEsCo in Cianjur Regency; c) Directorate of Domestic Trade, Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia; and d) SMEs in Cianjur Regency. The results of the study indicate that there are three aspects of MSME empowerment policies carried out by the Cianjur Regency Government, namely; a) Marketing, with a focus on online marketing through the creation of e-catalog and e-commerce applications in Cianjur Regency, as well as offline marketing through the application of Cianjur local government regulations and product diversification programs; b) Capital, which focuses on facilitating access to payments, and a revolving fund program with 0% interest.
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 47 Tahun 2012 tentang Tanggung Jawab Sosial dan Lingkungan Perseroan Terbatas dilaksanakan PT. Astra International Tbk di Kampung Berseri Astra Kelurahan Keputih Kecamatan Sukolilo Kota Surabaya. Penelitian ini membahas pembangunan pilar lingkungan dan pendidikan yang dilaksanakan tahun 2013 hingga 2014. Faktanya, pembangunan pilar pendidikan seperti rumah pintar tidak dimanfaatkan maksimal oleh warga dan tanaman Cabe, Terong, dan Tomat yang tak kunjung berbuah lalu layu menjadi masalah pilar lingkungan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi Program Corporate Social Responsibility PT. Astra International Tbk di RT 003 dan 004 Kampung Keputih Tegal Timur Baru sebagai Kampung Berseri Astra. Ditunjang dengan jenis pengambilan sampel snowball sampling untuk mendapatkan informan yang awalnya sedikit menjadi besar sebagai sumber data. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan model implementasi milik Van Meter dan Van Horn. Standar dan sasaran kebijakan implementasi program jelas dan dilaksanakan dengan baik sesuai roadmap. Sumber daya manusia yaitu warga RT 003 dan 004 Kampung Keputih Tegal Timur Baru belum dapat memanfaatkan bantuan yang diberikan Astra secara maksimal, walaupun dana dan waktu yang diberikan Astra tercukupi. Hubungan antar organisasi yang dijalin Astra dengan Kecamatan Sukolilo dan Kelurahan Keputih berlangsung baik. Dukungan positif diberikan oleh seluruh pegawai LPB-YDBA dengan membantu tugas PIC Astra. Kedatangan Astra membuat kondisi ekonomi dan sosial warga menjadi lebih baik dengan manfaat politik yang belum dirasakan warga meskipun terdapat dukungan dari pihak RW, Kelurahan Keputih, dan Kecamatan Sukolilo. Dinilai selama ini, Astra sangat bertanggung jawab dan berkomitmen dalam membangun kampung untuk mencapai tujuan akhir program. Kata Kunci: Kampung Berseri Astra, Corporate Social Responsibility, PT. Astra International Tbk.
Safety riding dapat diartikan sebagai cara berkendara yang aman dan nyaman baik bagi pengendara, safety riding mengacu kepada perilaku berkendara yang secara ideal harus memiliki tingkat keamanan yang cukup. Data dari Korps Lalu Lintas Kepolisian Republik Indonesia mencatat jumlah kecelakaan di Indonesia sepanjang 2018 sebanyak 109.215, jumlah tersebut naik 4,69% dibandingkan pada tahun 2017 dengan 104.327 kejadian, selama kurun waktu 2014-2018, jumlah kecelakaan lalu lintas mengalami kenaikan rata-rata 3,30% per tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui "Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Aman Berkendara (Safety Riding) pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta tahun 2020".Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional dengan jumlah responden dalam penelitian yaitu 107 sampel. Metode pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner dalam bentuk google form. Adapun analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji statistik chi-square pada perangkat lunak statistikAda hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin, pengetahuan, dan self efficacy dengan perilaku aman berkendara (safety riding) (P value = 0,000), tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara masa berkendara dengan perilaku aman berkendara (safety riding) (P value = 0,171).Faktor-faktor yang memiliki hubungan dengan perilaku aman berkendara (safety riding) yaitu jenis kelamin, pengetahuan, dan self efficacy. Perlunya pihak universitas dapat bekerja sama dengan pihak kepolisian lalu lintas dalam mengadakan penyuluhan atau pelatihan untuk para mahasiswa terkait perilaku aman berkendara (safety riding).---Safety riding can be interpreted as a way of driving safely and comfortably for drivers, safety riding refers to ideal driving manners with adequate safety level for drivers. Data from the Indonesian Police Traffic Corps recorded the number of accidents in Indonesia throughout 2018 as many as 109,215, this number increased by 4,69% compared to 2017 with 104,327 incidents, during the 2014-2018 period, the number of traffic accidents increased by an average of 3,30% per year.The purpose of this study is to discover Factors Related to Safety Riding Behavior on Students of the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta in 2020. This study is a quantitative research with cross sectional experiment design with 107 samples of respondents. Questionnaire through google form is used for data collection. The data analysis in this study used the chi-square statistical test in the SPSS 23 application.There is a significant correlation between gender, knowledge of driving, and self efficacy with safety riding (P value = 0,000) while there is no significant correlation between driving time with safety riding (P value = 0,171).This study indicates that gender, knowledge and self efficacy are the influencing factors of safety riding. It's necessary to joint action between university and government/police officials is needed to provide seminar or training programs regarding safety riding for university students.
This study focuses on border governance paradigm for various relevant policies in Indonesia. By applying literature review method, it reveals that Indonesian border governance paradigm has shifted from hard to soft border paradigm. The change has significant impact on how managing border areas in the country. In fact, both paradigms have their own advantages and limitations. This study also shows that the preference between hard or soft boarder paradigm influences the decisions on how the government understand the complexity of the border.
This study focuses on border governance paradigm for various relevant policies in Indonesia. By applying literature review method, it reveals that Indonesian border governance paradigm has shifted from hard to soft border paradigm. The change has significant impact on how managing border areas in the country. In fact, both paradigms have their own advantages and limitations. This study also shows that the preference between hard or soft boarder paradigm influences the decisions on how the government understand the complexity of the border.
