Suchergebnisse

Resumen: Se analizan las emociones y la regulación afectiva reportada por cadetes militares (N=315) ante un dilema relevante: qué sentirían ellos y sus pares si se les ordenara disparar a civiles desarmados en un contexto como el de la masacre de My Lai en la guerra de Vietnam. Se pidió describir e informar sobre las emociones propias y las de los compañeros. Si bien informaron más emociones positivas cuando los pares desobedecían la orden y más negativas cuando no lo hacían, tanto unas como las otras estaban presentes en ambas condiciones. Las emociones de trascendencia como esperanza, asombro maravillado e inspiración moral, reflejaban asombro por lo que ocurría y entusiasmo por la actividad asertiva de desobediencia, coexistiendo con emociones negativas como la ira moral y la vergüenza. El optimismo y la esperanza por negarse a cumplir órdenes también caracterizaban a las reacciones emocionales tanto propias como al clima emocional. La mayoría de las formas de regulación afectiva estaban presentes en las descripciones realizadas. Jueces expertos evaluaron la creatividad o innovación de la reacción de afrontamiento ante la situación estresante. Las puntuaciones dadas se asociaron a menos emociones hostiles y más de trascendencia. También se asociaron a una mejor balanza de afectos atribuida a otros. La creatividad de la respuesta predijo una toma de decisiones grupal más satisfactoria. Esta vinculación fue mediada totalmente por las respuestas emocionales. ; Abstract: The emotions and affective regulation reported by military cadets (N=315) are analyzed in the face of a relevant dilemma: what would they and their peers feel if they were ordered to shoot unarmed civilians in a context such as the My Lai massacre in the Vietnam War. It was asked to describe and report on their own emotions and those of their peers. Although more positive emotions were reported when the peers disobeyed the order and more negative when they did not, both emotions were present in the conditions. The emotions of transcendence such as hope, awe and moral inspiration, reflected astonishment at what was happening and enthusiasm for the assertive activity of disobedience. These emotions coexisted with negative emotions such as moral anger and shame. Optimism and hope for refusing to carry out orders also characterized emotional reactions as well as emotional climate. Most forms of affect regulation were present in the descriptions made. Judges experts evaluated the creativity or innovation of the coping reaction to the stressful situation. These scores of innovation were associated with less hostile and more transcendent emotions. They were also associated with a better balance of affects attributed to others. The creativity of the response predicted more satisfactory group decision making. This linkage was totally mediated by the emotional responses. ; Resumo: As análises e a regulação afectiva são relatadas por cadetes militares (N=315) ante um dilema relevante: o que é que se sentem e se parecem com os ordenadores de desarmados em um contexto como o da mascada de My Lai en la guerra de Vietnam. Solicite uma descrição sobre as emoções próprias e as de clientes. Se bem informado de mais emoções positivas quando os pares desobedecían a orden e mais negativas quando não forem feitas, não há mais nada. As emoções de trascendencia como esperanza, asombro maravilhoso e inspiração moral, reflejavam asombro por lo que ocurría e entusiasmo pela atividade como a desobediência, coexistiendo com emoções negativas como a ira moral e a vergüenza. O otimismo e a esperança por negar a um comando órdenes também caracterizavam as reações emocionais tanto como o clima emocional. A maioria das formas de regulação afectiva estão presentes em descrições realizadas. Jueces especialistas avaliaram a criatividade da inovação da análise de afrontamento ante a situação estresante. As avaliações são bem-vindas e menos emoções hostis e mais de trascendencia. Também está associado a uma melhor balança de afectos atribuida a otros. A creatividade da resposta predijo a tomada de decisões grupal mais satisfações. Esta vinculação foi mediada totalmente para as respostas emocionais.

Resumen: Se analizan las emociones y la regulación afectiva reportada por cadetes militares (N=315) ante un dilema relevante: qué sentirían ellos y sus pares si se les ordenara disparar a civiles desarmados en un contexto como el de la masacre de My Lai en la guerra de Vietnam. Se pidió describir e informar sobre las emociones propias y las de los compañeros. Si bien informaron más emociones positivas cuando los pares desobedecían la orden y más negativas cuando no lo hacían, tanto unas como las otras estaban presentes en ambas condiciones. Las emociones de trascendencia como esperanza, asombro maravillado e inspiración moral, reflejaban asombro por lo que ocurría y entusiasmo por la actividad asertiva de desobediencia, coexistiendo con emociones negativas como la ira moral y la vergüenza. El optimismo y la esperanza por negarse a cumplir órdenes también caracterizaban a las reacciones emocionales tanto propias como al clima emocional. La mayoría de las formas de regulación afectiva estaban presentes en las descripciones realizadas. Jueces expertos evaluaron la creatividad o innovación de la reacción de afrontamiento ante la situación estresante. Las puntuaciones dadas se asociaron a menos emociones hostiles y más de trascendencia. También se asociaron a una mejor balanza de afectos atribuida a otros. La creatividad de la respuesta predijo una toma de decisiones grupal más satisfactoria. Esta vinculación fue mediada totalmente por las respuestas emocionales. ; Abstract: The emotions and affective regulation reported by military cadets (N=315) are analyzed in the face of a relevant dilemma: what would they and their peers feel if they were ordered to shoot unarmed civilians in a context such as the My Lai massacre in the Vietnam War. It was asked to describe and report on their own emotions and those of their peers. Although more positive emotions were reported when the peers disobeyed the order and more negative when they did not, both emotions were present in the conditions. The emotions of transcendence such as hope, awe and moral inspiration, reflected astonishment at what was happening and enthusiasm for the assertive activity of disobedience. These emotions coexisted with negative emotions such as moral anger and shame. Optimism and hope for refusing to carry out orders also characterized emotional reactions as well as emotional climate. Most forms of affect regulation were present in the descriptions made. Judges experts evaluated the creativity or innovation of the coping reaction to the stressful situation. These scores of innovation were associated with less hostile and more transcendent emotions. They were also associated with a better balance of affects attributed to others. The creativity of the response predicted more satisfactory group decision making. This linkage was totally mediated by the emotional responses. ; Resumo: As análises e a regulação afectiva são relatadas por cadetes militares (N=315) ante um dilema relevante: o que é que se sentem e se parecem com os ordenadores de desarmados em um contexto como o da mascada de My Lai en la guerra de Vietnam. Solicite uma descrição sobre as emoções próprias e as de clientes. Se bem informado de mais emoções positivas quando os pares desobedecían a orden e mais negativas quando não forem feitas, não há mais nada. As emoções de trascendencia como esperanza, asombro maravilhoso e inspiração moral, reflejavam asombro por lo que ocurría e entusiasmo pela atividade como a desobediência, coexistiendo com emoções negativas como a ira moral e a vergüenza. O otimismo e a esperança por negar a um comando órdenes também caracterizavam as reações emocionais tanto como o clima emocional. A maioria das formas de regulação afectiva estão presentes em descrições realizadas. Jueces especialistas avaliaram a criatividade da inovação da análise de afrontamento ante a situação estresante. As avaliações são bem-vindas e menos emoções hostis e mais de trascendencia. Também está associado a uma melhor balança de afectos atribuida a otros. A creatividade da resposta predijo a tomada de decisões grupal mais satisfações. Esta vinculação foi mediada totalmente para as respostas emocionais. ; Fil: Da Costa, Silvia. Universidad del País Vasco. Departamento de Psicología Social y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento; España ; Fil: Delfino, Gisela. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía; Argentina ; Fil: Delfino, Gisela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina ; Fil: Muratori, Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina ; Fil: Muratori, Marcela. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina; Argentina ; Fil: Beramendi, Maite. Universidad de la Defensa Nacional; Argentina

In this article, we test if international football matches in Latin America can be understood as nationalistic collective rituals and if participating in them leads to prejudicial attitudes toward immigrants and to legitimize the national social systems. Based on social identity theory and literature on collective rituals, we propose that participating in collective rituals makes cognitively salient social identity over self-identity through collective emotions. Therefore, individuals are more motivated to perceive the social systems as fair and legitimate and to show outgroup derogation. In Study 1 (N = 414), interest in football was associated with national identification a week before an international tournament in Brazil, Chile, and Spain. This association was mediated by fusion of identity with the national ingroup but not by experiencing collective positive emotions. In Study 2 (N = 118), we used an experimental design and showed that nationalism moderated the effect of participating in nationalistic collective rituals on measures related to behavioral intentions. Specifically, these rituals decreased outgroup prejudice among high nationalistic participants. Collective rituals are discussed as a form of collective self-affirmation that may have reduced defensiveness and led nationalistic individuals to behave according to the predominant values within a society.

Abstract: The influence of the context on behavioral and emotional reactions to a war crime situation military cadets (N = 315) is analyzed. The study is based on Milgram's experience and the tragedy of My Lai.It examines personal and peer obedience to an anti-normative order (asking participants whether they would obey an order to shoot unarmed civilians) in five vignettes or scenarios that reproduce Milgram's conditions and MyLai scenario. This is an experimental between-within study of five scenarios by two conditions (Milgram, 1974). Personal and collective obedience of other military, emotional reactions and values of Schwartz (2012) were measured. Showing enhancement of self-bias it is reported that the pairs would be more likely to shoot than one would. Replicating Milgrams's results, obedience is greater when the order is given directly by an authority, and lower when there is conflict between authorities and peers rebel. Confirming that identification with humanity and not just with the in-group may prompt respondents to reject an anti-normative order, values of transcendence of the self are associated with less obedience and congruent emotional reactions. Self-perceived transformational leadership was associated with positive emotions towards peer that disobey to fire. However a transformational style perceived in the superior was associated to positive emotions by respect to soldier who open fire, adding information on the potential dark side of this leadership style. The relevance of personal values, leadership style and affectivity in military context is discussed. ; Resumen: Se analiza la influencia del contexto en las reacciones conductuales y emocionales ante una situación de crimen de guerra en cadetes militares (N = 315). El estudio se basa en la experiencia de Milgram y en la tragedia de My Lai. Examina la obediencia personal y de los compañeros ante una orden antinormativa (preguntando a los participantes si obedecerían una orden de disparar a civiles desarmados) en cinco viñetas o escenarios que reproducen las condiciones de Milgram y el escenario de MyLai. Se trata de un estudio experimental entre dos escenarios por dos condiciones (Milgram, 1974). Se midió la obediencia personal y colectiva de otros militares, las reacciones emocionales y los valores de Schwartz (2012). Mostrando el aumento de la auto-prejuicio se informa de que los pares serían más propensos a disparar que uno. Replicando los resultados de Milgram, la obediencia es mayor cuando la orden es dada directamente por una autoridad, y menor cuando hay conflicto entre autoridades y compañeros rebeldes. Confirmando que la identificación con la humanidad y no solo con el grupo interno puede impulsar a los encuestados a rechazar una orden antinormativa, los valores de trascendencia del yo se asocian con menos obediencia y reacciones emocionales congruentes. El liderazgo transformacional autopercibido se asoció con emociones positivas hacia los compañeros que desobedecen al fuego. Sin embargo un estilo transformacional percibido en el superior se asoció a emociones positivas por respeto al soldado que abre fuego, añadiendo información sobre el potencial lado oscuro de este estilo de liderazgo. Se discute la relevancia de los valores personales, el estilo de liderazgo y la afectividad en el contexto militar.

is an experimental between-within study of five scenarios by two conditions (Milgram, 1974). Personal and collective obedience of other military, emotional reactions and values of Schwartz (2012) were measured. Showing enhancement of self-bias it is reported that the pairs would be more likely to shoot than one would. Replicating Milgrams's results, obedience is greater when the order is given directly by an authority, and lower when there is conflict between authorities and peers rebel. Confirming that identification with humanity and not just with the in-group may prompt respondents to reject an anti-normative order, values of transcendence of the self are associated with less obedience and congruent emotional reactions. Self-perceived transformational leadership was associated with positive emotions towards peer that disobey to fire. However a transformational style perceived in the superior was associated to positive emotions by respect to soldier who open fire, adding information on the potential dark side of this leadership style. The relevance of personal values, leadership style and affectivity in military context is discussed.

The influence of the context on behavioral and emotional reactions to a war crime situation military cadets (N = 315) is analyzed. The study is based on Milgram's experience and the tragedy of My Lai.It examines personal and peer obedience to an anti-normative order (asking participants whether they would obey an order to shoot unarmed civilians) in five vignettes or scenarios that reproduce Milgram's conditions and MyLai scenario. Thisis an experimental between-within study of five scenarios by two conditions (Milgram, 1974). Personal and collective obedience of other military, emotional reactions and values of Schwartz (2012) were measured. Showing enhancement of self-bias it is reported that the pairs would be more likely to shoot than one would. Replicating Milgrams's results, obedience is greater when the order is given directly by an authority, and lower when there is conflict between authorities and peers rebel. Confirming that identification with humanity and not just with the in-group may prompt respondents to reject an anti-normative order, values of transcendence of the self are associated with less obedience and congruent emotional reactions. Self-perceived transformational leadership was associated with positive emotions towards peer that disobey to fire. However a transformational style perceived in the superior was associated to positive emotions by respect to soldier who open fire, adding information on the potential dark side of this leadership style. The relevance of personal values, leadership style and affectivity in military context is discussed. ; Se analiza la influencia del contexto en las reacciones conductuales y emocionales ante una situación de crimen de guerra en cadetes militares (N = 315). El estudio se basa en la experiencia de Milgram y en la tragedia de My Lai. Examina la obediencia personal y de los compañeros ante una orden antinormativa (preguntando a los participantes si obedecerían una orden de disparar a civiles desarmados) en cinco viñetas o escenarios que reproducen las condiciones de Milgram y el escenario de MyLai. Se trata de un estudio experimental entre dos escenarios por dos condiciones (Milgram, 1974). Se midió la obediencia personal y colectiva de otros militares, las reacciones emocionales y los valores de Schwartz (2012). Mostrando el aumento de la auto-prejuicio se informa de que los pares serían más propensos a disparar que uno. Replicando los resultados de Milgram, la obediencia es mayor cuando la orden es dada directamente por una autoridad, y menor cuando hay conflicto entre autoridades y compañeros rebeldes. Confirmando que la identificación con la humanidad y no solo con el grupo interno puede impulsar a los encuestados a rechazar una orden antinormativa, los valores de trascendencia del yo se asocian con menos obediencia y reacciones emocionales congruentes. El liderazgo transformacional autopercibido se asoció con emociones positivas hacia los compañeros que desobedecen al fuego. Sin embargo un estilo transformacional percibido en el superior se asoció a emociones positivas por respeto al soldado que abre fuego, añadiendo información sobre el potencial lado oscuro de este estilo de liderazgo. Se discute la relevancia de los valores personales, el estilo de liderazgo y la afectividad en el contexto militar. ; L'influence du contexte sur les réactions comportementales et émotionnelles à une situation de crime de guerre chez des cadets militaires (N = 315) est analysée. L'étude est basée sur l'expérience de Milgram et la tragédie de My Lai. Elle examine l'obéissance personnelle et celle des pairs à un ordre anti-normatif (en demandant aux participants s'ils obéiraient à un ordre de tirer sur des civils non armés) dans cinq vignettes ou scénarios qui reproduisent les conditions de Milgram et le scénario MyLai. Il s'agit d'une étude expérimentale entre deux scénarios pour deux conditions (Milgram, 1974). L'obéissance personnelle et collective des autres militaires, les réactions émotionnelles et les valeurs de Schwartz (2012) ont été mesurées. En montrant un jugement de soi accru, il est rapporté que les pairs seraient plus susceptibles de tirer qu'un seul. En reproduisant les résultats de Milgram, l'obéissance est plus élevée lorsque l'ordre est donné directement par une autorité, et plus faible lorsqu'il y a conflit entre les autorités et les pairs indisciplinés. Confirmant que l'identification à l'humanité et pas seulement au groupe interne peut pousser les répondants à rejeter un ordre anti-normatif, les valeurs de transcendance du soi sont associées à une moindre obéissance et à des réactions émotionnelles congruentes. Le leadership transformationnel auto-perçu était associé à des émotions positives envers les pairs désobéissants au feu. Cependant, un style transformationnel perçu comme supérieur était associé à des émotions positives par respect pour le soldat qui ouvre le feu, ce qui ajoute des informations sur le côté sombre potentiel de ce style de leadership. La pertinence des valeurs personnelles, du style de leadership et de l'affectivité dans le contexte militaire est discutée. ; A influência do contexto nas reacções comportamentais e emocionais a uma situação de crime de guerra em cadetes militares (N = 315) é analisada. O estudo é baseado na experiência de Milgram e na tragédia de My Lai. Examina a obediência pessoal e de pares a uma ordem anti-normativa (perguntando aos participantes se obedeceriam a uma ordem paradisparar contra civis desarmados) em cinco vinhetas ou cenários que reproduzem as condições de Milgram e o cenário MyLai. Este é um estudo experimental entre dois cenários para duas condições (Milgram, 1974). Foram medidas a obediência pessoal e colectiva de outros militares, reacções emocionais, e os valores de Schwartz (2012). Mostrando um aumento do auto-julgamento, é relatado que os pares teriam mais probabilidades de disparar do que um. Replicando os resultados de Milgram, a obediência é maior quando a ordem é dada directamente por uma autoridade, e menor quando há conflito entre autoridades e pares desordeiros. Confirmando que a identificação com a humanidade e não apenas com o grupo ing pode levar os inquiridos a rejeitar uma ordem anti-normativa, os valores da transcendência do eu estão associados a uma menor obediência e a reacções emocionais congruentes. A liderança transformadora auto-percebida foi associada a emoções positivas para com os seus pares desobedientes ao fogo. Contudo, um estilo transformacional superior foi associado a emoções positivas por respeito ao soldado que abre fogo, acrescentando informação sobre o potencial lado negro deste estilo de liderança. A relevância dos valores pessoais, estilo de liderança e afectividade no contexto militar é discutida.

International audience ; This paper analyzes the socio-cognitive and emotional processes related to collective action in the context of the 2019 populist social movement in Chile. It proposes an integrative explanation of populism as social movements and collective gatherings along with their relation with creativity and social representations of mass movements. A comprehensive online survey was used ( n = 262) that included measures of participation in demonstrations, identification with protesters or the government, agreement with social movement grievances, collective efficacy, perceived emotional synchrony, collective action, self-reported cognitive creativity, and individuals' proposals for improvement of society and ideas associated with stimuli (e.g., the concepts of majority or minority). Our results revealed that identification with demonstrators, agreement with protesters' grievances, a high perceived emotional synchrony or collective effervescence, and higher creativity responses were associated with an active participation in the social movement. Higher participation and factors conducive to participation were associated with lexical clusters of responses to stimuli that include words such as rights, justice, injustice, bravery, dignity, or hope, which were conceived of as positive social representations of the populist social movement. These findings are discussed within the neo-Durkheimian framework of collective gatherings and the perspective of populism as a social movement that seeks to renew and expand democracy.

This paper analyzes the socio-cognitive and emotional processes related to collective action in the context of the 2019 populist social movement in Chile. It proposes an integrative explanation of populism as social movements and collective gatherings along with their relation with creativity and social representations of mass movements. A comprehensive online survey was used (n = 262) that included measures of participation in demonstrations, identification with protesters or the government, agreement with social movement grievances, collective efficacy, perceived emotional synchrony, collective action, self-reported cognitive creativity, and individuals' proposals for improvement of society and ideas associated with stimuli (e.g., the concepts of majority or minority). Our results revealed that identification with demonstrators, agreement with protesters' grievances, a high perceived emotional synchrony or collective effervescence, and higher creativity responses were associated with an active participation in the social movement. Higher participation and factors conducive to participation were associated with lexical clusters of responses to stimuli that include words such as rights, justice, injustice, bravery, dignity, or hope, which were conceived of as positive social representations of the populist social movement. These findings are discussed within the neo-Durkheimian framework of collective gatherings and the perspective of populism as a social movement that seeks to renew and expand democracy.

International audience ; This paper analyzes the socio-cognitive and emotional processes related to collective action in the context of the 2019 populist social movement in Chile. It proposes an integrative explanation of populism as social movements and collective gatherings along with their relation with creativity and social representations of mass movements. A comprehensive online survey was used ( n = 262) that included measures of participation in demonstrations, identification with protesters or the government, agreement with social movement grievances, collective efficacy, perceived emotional synchrony, collective action, self-reported cognitive creativity, and individuals' proposals for improvement of society and ideas associated with stimuli (e.g., the concepts of majority or minority). Our results revealed that identification with demonstrators, agreement with protesters' grievances, a high perceived emotional synchrony or collective effervescence, and higher creativity responses were associated with an active participation in the social movement. Higher participation and factors conducive to participation were associated with lexical clusters of responses to stimuli that include words such as rights, justice, injustice, bravery, dignity, or hope, which were conceived of as positive social representations of the populist social movement. These findings are discussed within the neo-Durkheimian framework of collective gatherings and the perspective of populism as a social movement that seeks to renew and expand democracy.

This paper analyzes the socio-cognitive and emotional processes related to collective action in the context of the 2019 populist social movement in Chile. It proposes an integrative explanation of populism as social movements and collective gatherings along with their relation with creativity and social representations of mass movements. A comprehensive online survey was used (n = 262) that included measures of participation in demonstrations, identification with protesters or the government, agreement with social movement grievances, collective efficacy, perceived emotional synchrony, collective action, self-reported cognitive creativity, and individuals' proposals for improvement of society and ideas associated with stimuli (e.g., the concepts of majority or minority). Our results revealed that identification with demonstrators, agreement with protesters' grievances, a high perceived emotional synchrony or collective effervescence, and higher creativity responses were associated with an active participation in the social movement. Higher participation and factors conducive to participation were associated with lexical clusters of responses to stimuli that include words such as rights, justice, injustice, bravery, dignity, or hope, which were conceived of as positive social representations of the populist social movement. These findings are discussed within the neo-Durkheimian framework of collective gatherings and the perspective of populism as a social movement that seeks to renew and expand democracy. Copyright © 2021 Castro-Abril, Da Costa, Navarro-Carrillo, Caicedo-Moreno, Gracia-Leiva, Bouchat, Cordero, Méndez and Paez.

BACKGROUND: Studies and meta-analyses found individual, meso and micro-social factors that are associated with individual well-being, as well as a positive socio-emotional climate or collective well-being. AIM: This article simultaneously studies and examines these factors of well-being. METHOD: Well-Being is measured as a dependent variable at the individual and collective level, as well as the predictors, in three cross-sectional and one longitudinal studies. Education and social intervention workers (N = 1300, K = 80) from Chile, Spain and Uruguay participate; a subsample of educators (k = 1, n = 37) from the south central Chile and from Chile, Uruguay and Spain (n = 1149); workers from organizations in Latin America and Southern Europe, military cadets from Argentina (N < 1000); and teams (K = 14) from Spanish companies. RESULTS: Individual and collective well-being indicators were related, suggesting that the emotional climate as a context improves personal well-being. Individual factors (emotional creativity and openness and universalism values), psychosocial factors (low stress, control over work and social support supervisors and peers) were positively associated with personal well-being in education and social intervention context. Organizational dynamic or transformational culture is directly and indirectly associated with individual well-being through previously described psychosocial factors. Group processes such as internal communication and safe participation, task orientation or climate of excellence as well as leadership style that reinforces participation and belonging, were positively associated with collective well-being in labor and military context and predict team work socio-emotional climate in a longitudinal study- but were unrelated to individual well-being. Transformational leadership plays a mediating role between functional factors and social-emotional climate in work teams. Organizational role autonomy, functional organizational leadership, integration and resources were ...