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For almost a century the representative agent in economic science was characterised byreason and sophistication, routinely and resolutely balancing costs and benefits when he had to take a decision. Since the discovery that people possess separate cognitive and affective brain regions, this character has been replaced by a myopic individual, who has to be supervised and trained to regain some self-control. This book challenges these assumptions, instead employing a dual system of decision making, which takes intoaccount the conflict between conscious and unconscious thought. Through a focuson conscious thought and decision making processes, the author brings morality back to rational choice theory, discussingthe justification of choices and comparing differing principles of justice.

This article describes a test of Karasek's Job Demand-Control (JD-C) Model using both group and individual level assessments of job characteristics. By group assessments, we mean aggregated individual data. A random sample from general hospitals and nursing homes included 16 institutions, 64 units, and 1489 health care workers (82% response). Because of the hierarchically nested data structure (i.e., institutions, units, and individuals) the research questions and hypothesis were tested in multilevel regression analyses (VARCL). The results revealed both group level and individual level effects with regard to psychological outcomes, and stressed the usefulness of multilevel techniques. Karasek's JID-C Model was partly confirmed by finding two interaction effects at group level and at individual level with regard to job satisfaction and work motivation, respectively. The discussion focuses on theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of multilevel modeling with respect to the JD-C Model.