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The merits of corroborated evidence in criminal trials have been hotly debated in many jurisdictions, with most having now abandoned this requirement. The Scottish government intends to do likewise—at a time when some other jurisdictions are considering its reintroduction. This article considers whether there is merit in retaining a corroboration requirement for two types of evidence, namely for visual identifications and extra-judicial confessions. It explores whether the introduction of a weighted jury majority, as the government proposes, can compensate for the problematic nature of such evidence. In respect of visual identification evidence, it is argued that any safeguard which corroboration might have provided has been weakened by the way in which the courts have developed the law. Alternative mechanisms for improving the quality of such evidence are assessed. In relation to confessions, the article argues that increasing the jury majority is a poor substitute for corroboration.

Discusses the economic and political activities of the West Indian immigrant community as well as their relations with the host society. Argues that in a black republic the successes or failures of these immigrants had less to do with the colour of their skins than with the political and economic problems of Haiti. (Abstract amended)

THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER IS TO MODEL TIME-VARYING RISK PREMIA FOR FORWARD EXCHANGE RATES USING 1920S DATA. APPLIED IS THE METHODOLOGY OF DOMOWITZ AND HAKKIO, AND THEN OF WOLFF AND TAYLOR. THE REMAINDER OF THE PAPER IS SET OUT AS FOLLOWS. SECTION II DISCUSS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RISK PREMIA AND SPOT AND FORWARD RATES AND, IN PARTICULAR, SHOW HOW RISK-AVERSION ON THE PART OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET PARTICIPANTS MAY DRIVE A WEDGE BETWEEN FORWARD RATES AND EXPECTED FUTURE SPOT RATES. SECTIONS III AND IV DESCRIBE TWO ECONOMETRIC MODELS OF RISK PREMIA--THE 'GARCH' AND DYMIMIC MODELS RESPECTIVELY. SECTION V DESCRIBE THE DATA AND THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO THE PERIOD OF ESTIMATION, WHILE OUR EMPIRICAL RESULTS ARE REPORTED IN SECTION VI. SECTION VII CONCLUDES.