Suchergebnisse

The Swedish Regional Climate Modeling Program (SWECLIM) was a 6.5-year national research effort with the aim of providing the Swedish society with more detailed regional climate scenarios than those available from international global climate mode! simulations. SWECLIM built up a new scientific niche in Sweden, namely that of climate modeling, provided users with regionally detailed climate scenarios, expert advice and synthesis of climate changescience. Regional climate modeling was a major activity, supported with studies of climate processes as well as on observed data on the Baltic Sea, regional hydrology and meteorology. The major impact study part was on hydrological modeling, to elaborate the potential impact of regional-scale climate change on hydropower, dam safety and water resources in general. Other types of impact studies were not performed by SWECLIM itself, but means were provided for outside experts to pursue such knowledge. This fmihered the general understanding of climate change and created new insights into planning processes, especially in Sweden, but also on theNordic, European and global arenas.Examples of practical users of the results were experts and decision-makers within national, regional and local administration, organizations, businesses, politicians, as well as media and the general public. These Swedish cfforts on climate science also contributed to international research and assessment networks, and to the quest for better knowledge base to act on in dealing with the climate problem.This repor! provides the final reporting of the SWECLIM-program, building on earlier reports and complements the results published in scientific journals, as reports, presented in meetings and provided to the general public. The focus here is on the work undertaken

This paper was prepared collectively by participants of the third seminar in a series with the title Challenging 'Social Inclusion': Perspectives for and from Children and Young People. Three 3‐day seminars took place at the Universities of Edinburgh, Glasgow and Stirling in 2002–3 attended by academics, professionals from voluntary sector children's agencies, young people, representatives from central government and postgraduate students. Funding was provided by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and the Children's Society.

This article takes a life-course perspective to the meaning of persistent short-term imprisonment and introduces the significance of 'penal careers'. Examining a total of 62 interviews with men and women in Scotland with long careers of (progression through) criminal punishment, it uses to the concept of belonging as a lens to interpret their experiences. While some participants already felt early on in their career that they belonged in prison because of their shared characteristics with other prisoners, the repetition of imprisonment meant that they increasingly felt displaced from life outside and saw life in prison as 'easier' and 'safer'. Nevertheless, looking back on their many sentences, they felt their cumulative meaning was 'a waste of life'. The article concludes by considering steps towards tackling the conditions that create this sense of belonging in a place of punishment.

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). All rights reserved. ; Background: Invasive infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus have high clinical and epidemiological relevance. It is therefore important to monitor the S. aureus trends using suitable methods. Aim: The study aimed to describe the trends of bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and meticillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) in the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA). Methods: Annual data on S. aureus BSI from 2005 to 2018 were obtained from the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net). Trends of BSI were assessed at the EU/EEA level by adjusting for blood culture set rate (number of blood culture sets per 1,000 days of hospitalisation) and stratification by patient characteristics.Results: Considering a fixed cohort of laboratories consistently reporting data over the entire study period, MRSA percentages among S. aureus BSI decreased from 30.2% in 2005 to 16.3% in 2018. Concurrently, the total number of BSI caused by S. aureus increased by 57%, MSSA BSI increased by 84% and MRSA BSI decreased by 31%. All these trends were statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusions: The results indicate an increasing health burden of MSSA BSI in the EU/EEA despite a significant decrease in the MRSA percentage. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends by assessing not only resistance percentages but also the incidence of infections. Further research is needed on the factors associated with the observed trends and on their attributable risk. ; Peer reviewed

The global nephrology community recognizes the need for a cohesive strategy to address the growing problem of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). In March 2018, the International Society of Nephrology hosted a summit on integrated ESKD care, including 92 individuals with diverse expertise and professional backgrounds from around the globe. The attendees were from 41 countries, including 16 participants from 11 low- and lower-middle-income countries. The purpose was to develop a strategic plan to improve worldwide access to integrated ESKD care, by identifying and prioritizing key activities across eight themes: Estimates of ESKD Burden and Treatment Coverage; Advocacy; Education and Training/Workforce; Financing/Funding Models; Ethics; Dialysis; Transplantation; and Conservative Care. Action plans with prioritized lists of goals, activities, and key deliverables, and an overarching performance framework were developed for each theme. Examples of these key deliverables include: improved data availability, integration of core registry measures and analysis to inform development of healthcare policy; a framework for advocacy; improved and continued stakeholder engagement; improved workforce training; equitable, efficient and cost-effective funding models; greater understanding and greater application of ethical principles in practice and policy; definition and application of standards for safe and sustainable dialysis treatment and a set of measurable quality parameters; and integration of dialysis, transplantation, and comprehensive conservative care as ESKD treatment options within the context of overall health priorities. Intended users of the action plans include clinicians, patients and their families, scientists, industry partners, government decision makers, and advocacy organizations. Implementation of this integrated and comprehensive plan is intended to improve quality and access to care and thereby reduce serious health-related suffering of adults and children affected by ESKD worldwide.

Following the success of the first edition of the workshop on Artificial Intelligence for Diabetes (AID) held in The Hague, on 2016, under the umbrella of the ECAI conference, we are very proud to present its second edition at the AIME conference. The workshop starts with an invited talk, which will provide an overview of the utilisation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in diabetes with a particular focus on gestational diabetes. It continues with regular presentations carried out by people from up to six different countries, including UK, Spain, Italy, USA, Switzerland and Colombia. The afternoon is dedicated to strengthening the research relationships within the community. On this occasion, the workshop organization takes a step forward to boost the research community by presenting the website ai4diabetes.org. The purpose of this website is to share the results and advances in the management of diabetes using AI techniques. This will enhance progress in the field by establishing synergies among researchers, as well as being a reference point for various stakeholders including users' associations and companies. We therefore warmly invite all researchers working in this field to join.

The complexity of diabetes prognosis and management has lead Artificial Intelligence (AI) to become a key technology to provide solutions that empower both patients and caregivers in their everyday life. Several publicly-funded projects have been carried out, such as: EMPOWER, MOBIGUIDE, COMMODITY12 EU, DIADVISOR, DIABEO, and the recently launched PEPPER project. However, there is still a lot of work left to be done. The aim of this workshop is to assimilate lessons learned, and discuss future work, as a first step towards finding definitive, compatible and complementary AI tools for people dealing with diabetes. The AID workshop will therefore facilitate discussion among different researchers actively engaged in finding AI-based solutions to problems associated with diabetes. Ten papers have been accepted, which represent a sample of the latest research in the area by several research groups. The final session of the workshop schedule is designated for discussion of the next steps to keep the community engaged and growing, including the proposal of new collaborative projects. We hope that you will enjoy the workshop and join the community in the forthcoming events that stem from it.

FrontMatter -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Tables and Boxes -- Acronyms -- Executive Summary and Recommendations -- 1 Introduction and Background -- 2 The Regulatory Framework for Protecting Humans in Research -- 3 Scientific Justification for and Conduct of Intentional Human Dosing Studies -- 4 A Risk-Benefit Framework for Assessing Intentional Human Dosing Studies -- 5 Ethical Considerations in the Review of Intentional Human Dosing Studies -- 6 Procedures for EPA Review of Intentional Human Dosing Studies -- 7 EPA's Use of Data from Intentional Human Dosing Studies in Risk Assessment -- APPENDIXES -- Appendix A Values and Limitations of Animal Toxicity Data -- Appendix B Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Pesticides -- Appendix C Biographical Sketches of the Members and Staff of the Committee on the Use of Third Party Toxicity Research with Human Research Participants -- Appendix D Biographical Sketches of the Members of the Science, Technology, and Law Panel -- Appendix E Meeting Agendas -- Appendix F Combined Registrants List for All Meetings.