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Le fichier attaché à cette référence, version publiée de l'œuvre, est librement accessible, sans embargo, en accord avec les Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles ; http://www.editions-universite-bruxelles.be/fiche/view/2679 ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Le fichier attaché à cette référence, version publiée de l'œuvre, est librement accessible, sans embargo, en accord avec les Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles ; http://www.editions-universite-bruxelles.be/fiche/view/2679 ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Le fichier attaché à cette référence, version publiée de l'œuvre, est librement accessible, sans embargo, en accord avec les Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles ; http://www.editions-universite-bruxelles.be/fiche/view/2529 ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Le fichier attaché à cette référence, version publiée de l'œuvre, est librement accessible, sans embargo, en accord avec les Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles ; http://www.editions-universite-bruxelles.be/fiche/view/2529 ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Literature on party organizations at the grass-root level mainly focuses on the question of who joins parties, and why. Explanatory models have been developed, inspired by the literature on political participation. Whereas scholars questioned the motivations for joining a party, few researches have been performed on the reasons for remaining a member, or for leaving a party. Combining the idea that parties are miniature political systems, and Hirschman's trilogy on organization, the paper suggest applying the concepts of exit, voice and loyalty to the study of party organizations. This question is of particular interest in a context of declining membership and questioning of the parties' capacity to perform their essential functions in democracies. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Notre contribution propose de s'intéresser à la vie interne des partis politiques, et plus particulièrement à une catégorie singulière d'adhérents :les personnes qui, bien qu'elles se soient affiliées à un parti, n'en partagent pas les vues ou s'en distancient. Le papier s'interroge sur les facteurs favorisant le développement de cette forme de « participopposition » au sein des partis politiques modernes. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

http://www.editions-universite-bruxelles.be/fiche/view/2419 ; Le fichier attaché à cette référence, version publiée de l'œuvre, est librement accessible, sans embargo, en accord avec les Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- List of contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- PART I: Case studies -- 1. The Norwegian Left and the Finnish Centre: What, no capital 'L' liberal parties? -- 2. The Danish Liberal Parties -- 3. The Centre Party and the Liberals: The Swedish members of the liberal party family? -- 4. Liberalism in the Netherlands: The VVD and D66 -- 5. Belgian Liberals: Living apart together… -- 6. Diversity, unity, and beyond: The Swiss Liberals -- 7. Liberal Parties in Austria -- 8. It's (not only) the economy, stupid?: Past and future of the German Liberal Party -- 9. The UK Liberal Democrats: Liberalism at a crossroads -- 10. Fianna Fáil: In the Liberals but not of the Liberals -- 11. Nuanced liberalism: The weakness of liberal parties in Spain -- 12. Liberal parties in Central and Eastern Europe: Between success and failure -- 13. Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia -- 14. The Liberals in Europe: The alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe -- PART II: Comparative perspective on liberal parties in Europe -- 15. Liberal parties and elections: Electoral performances and voters' profile -- 16. Governmental participation and alliances of liberal parties in Europe -- 17. The liberal party family ideology: Distinct, but diverse -- 18. How liberal parties organise -- Liberal parties in Europe: Conclusion -- Index

Membership of political parties is diverse. Not everyone participates and those who do, do not participate in the same way.This book engages with the debate over the significance and future of political parties as membership organisations and presents the first broad comparative analysis of party membership and activism. It is based on membership surveys which have been administered, gathered and collated by a group of prominent party scholars from across Europe, Canada and Israel. Utilizing this rich data source together with the insights of party scholars, the book investigates what party me

This study applies process-tracing methods to understand the 2019 leadership selection process in the Belgian French-speaking liberal party, MR, which is the oldest and second largest party in French-speaking Belgium. We triangulate a variety of sources to assemble a rich qualitative material that is used to contrast the formal rules and outcome of the race to the actual process. We show that the gatekeepers were not the ones ascribed in the statutes, that formal rules were bent to fit the profile of the race, and that the very nature of the race was much closer to a coronation than the results may suggest. We also uncover mechanisms through which party actors, especially the incumbent leader as steering agent, informally influence the process to the desired outcome, with the race being played prior to the validation of the candidacies. This analysis puts focuses onwhenandhowkey actors use their informal influence to weigh the process and influence the outcome of leadership races.

Using the RepResent Voter Panel Survey conducted in Belgium since the 2019 Federal elections, we investigate the relationship between affective polarization and voters' coalition preferences, in the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results confirm a strict negative link between affective polarization and preferences for coalitions in general. Such result is robust to different types of coalitions, in terms of number and size of parties, as well as the ideological position of voters. However, we also show how the negative effect of affective polarization can be moderated if the coalition includes the voter's in-party. Overall, our results help better understanding the political consequences of affective polarization in a multiparty setting.

The literature on candidate selection has focussed extensively on the degree of inclusiveness and decentralization of the selectorate, as part of the debate on intra-party democracy. However, much less attention has been paid to the degree of openness of candidacies, or selection criteria within parties. Yet parties have a lot of leeway in how they design selection criteria internally. Which guidelines do parties follow when making the crucial choice on which candidates to select for elections? This paper investigates selection criteria from two perspectives: the formal rules set by parties that restrict the candidate's pool and the (informal) preferences of selectors that shape who gets selected. We aim first at contrasting the degree of party institutionalization and parties' formal rules in candidate selection and so, we shed light on whether parties formalise their candidacy requirements and candidate selection processes to the same extent as other party activities. Second, the paper investigates the role of the selectorates, and how selectorate's characteristics matter for the kind of (informal) selection criteria, be they intended at maximizing offices, votes or policies. Drawing on party statutes coded in the Political Party Database (PPDB) and 23 in-depth interviews with selectors, we study three francophone Belgian parties that differ both in terms of inclusiveness of the selectorate who has the final say on candidate selection and in terms of degree of centralisation, and in terms of party institutionalisation: the green party (Ecolo), the socialist party (PS), and the liberal party (MR). Our comparative analysis of parties, selection criteria provides new insights into the secret garden of politics and highlights in particular the major impact of parties, degree of centralization.

This paper argues that parties abroad are the actors of a new arena for citizenship and party politics. The proliferation of overseas voting and the development of representative institutions for emigrants has transformed and reinforced the civic and political links between sending-states and their diaspora. This has also created new opportunities for political entrepreneurs and political parties tasked with reaching out to citizens living abroad. Yet research on political parties and on transnationalism has almost never crossed paths. This has created a gap in our knowledge on political parties abroad, demonstrating the timeliness of a special issue on political parties abroad. This paper introduces this special issue and presents an overview of the main theoretical questions and debates addressed in the articles. We emphasize existing gaps in the literature and stress the importance of a better understanding of the growing phenomenon of political parties abroad. We also explain why a comparative approach is necessary to tackle the issue of political parties abroad, offering a theoretically-minded framework. Our summaries of the papers in this special issue highlight how they relate to the more general questions discussed in our introduction. ; SCOPUS: ed.j ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

En Belgique, les premiers partis politiques ont vu le jour et se sont développés dès le XIXe siècle. Ils ont exercé nombre de missions dans la société et leur importance a crû dans le temps. Pourtant, leur dynamique, leurs rôles et ce qu'ils incarnent aux yeux des citoyens se sont transformés au cours des dernières décennies.Les partis sont soumis à de multiples modifications et tensions qui les affectent, les interpellent et les appellent à se transformer profondément :importance accrue de l'Union européenne dans l'exercice des politiques publiques, difficultés des partis politiques à l'échelle européenne, déclin du nombre de membres, demandes participatives croissantes, emprise technocratique… Comment les partis agissent-il au regard de ces mutations ?Comment les interprètent-ils ?Comment appréhendent-ils la sécularisation avancée de la société belge et l'augmentation du capital scolaire ?Comment réagissent-ils à l'interne ?Ces questions sont analysées dans cet ouvrage. Dix ans après leur dernière grande étude comparative, les auteurs présentent un nouveau travail de synthèse original. Celui-ci offre, de manière systématique et sur la base d'une grille commune, une analyse de chaque parti à l'oeuvre dans le système politique belge :CD&V, CDH, sp.a/Vooruit, PS, OpenVLD, MR, Ecolo, Groen, N-VA, Vlaams Belang, PTB-PVDA, DéFI, les droites radicales et la galaxie des petits partis. En parallèle, il propose une analyse transversale à l'aune de la communication, de l'organisation partisane, des évolutions électorales et de la mue du système de partis en Belgique. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/inPress