Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- About the Author -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Introduction -- Bibliography -- Chapter 1: Karl Marx on Capitalism -- The Problem -- Tragedy in Greece -- Under Water in the Netherlands -- The Crisis: A Surprise? -- Crises Are Part and Parcel of Capitalism -- The Insight -- The State as Saviour of Capitalism -- The First Capitalist Principle -- The Second Capitalist Principle -- The Economist -- (Karl Marx, 1818 Trier-1883 London) -- Practising Marx -- Cooperative Firms -- Circular and Community Economy -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2: Hyman Minsky on Financial Crises -- The Problem -- The Origin of the Problem -- Financialization -- The Waterhead of the Dutch Banking Sector -- The Insight -- Instability -- The FIRE-Sector -- The Economist -- Hyman Minsky (1919 Chicago-1999 Rhinebeck) -- Practising Minsky -- Keeping the Growth of the FIRE-Sector in Check -- Lower Loan-to-Value Ratio -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3: John Maynard Keynes on Debt and Demand -- The Problem -- Bubbles -- Unsustainable Private Debt -- From Private to Public Debt -- Households and Businesses on Hold -- The Insight -- Bubbles -- Debt Burdens -- Purchasing Power -- The Multiplier Effect -- The Economist -- John Maynard Keynes (1883 Cambridge-1946 Tilton) -- Practising Keynes -- Stimulus Packages During Recessions -- Debt Jubilee -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4: Frank Knight on Risk and Uncertainty -- The Problem -- Whistleblowers -- Regulatory Capture -- Assuming Away Risk -- The Insight -- Risk -- Uncertainty -- The Economist -- Frank Knight (White Oak 1885-Chicago 1972) -- Practising Knight -- Retail Banks and Investment Banks -- Buffers -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5: Barbara Bergmann on Gender Biases -- The Problem -- Attitude Towards Risk and Uncertainty -- Moral Compass -- Leadership -- The Insight -- Biosocial Theory of Gender Differences.

Economics After the Crisis is an introductory economics textbook, covering key topics in micro and macro economics. However, this book differs from other introductory economics textbooks in the perspective it takes, and it incorporates issues that are presently underserved by existing textbooks on the market. This book offers an introduction to economics that takes into account criticisms of the orthodox approach, and which acknowledges the role that this largely Western approach has played in the current global financial and economic crisis. A key feature of the book is its global approach

The appointment in 2019 of Gita Gopinath as Chief Economist of the IMF is a milestone. She was born in India, in the state of West-Bengal – the same state where Amartya Sen was born. And she is the first woman in this position. Her appointment means that the chief economists of the world's three most influential international economic institutions – IMF, World Bank, and OECD – are currently all women. Equally striking, but generally less noticed, is that more economists from the global south are appointed at top positions of important international economic policy institutions. One of Gopinath's predecessors was Raghuram Rajan, the first in this position who was born in India . He became well known for his speech at the annual gathering of central bankers in Jackson Hole in the US in 2005. There he warned of the increasing instability of the global financial system. Equally well known is the dismissive response he received from the central bankers. These appointments signal two things about the field of economics today. First, that finally some demographic diversity is beginning to emerge, both in terms of gender and of geographic origin. I use the terms global north and global south recognizing that they overlap in the sense that we find poverty and social exclusion in the global north and elites in the global south. Second, that even though the top in the economics discipline largely remains male and white, it is in the policy world that diversity is now seriously making headway. Of all the Nobel Prizes in economics, only two have been awarded to a woman – Elinor Ostrom and Esther Duflo – and three to economists from the global south – Arthur Lewis, Amartya Sen and Abhijit Bannerjee. But in the policy world, the increasing complexity of the global economy has recently been paralleled by diversity among those responsible for policy research and policy making. Is this diversity limited to gender and geography, or does it also imply epistemic diversity, that is, pluralist economic perspectives? Is the diversity a ...

Since the 1980s, gender policies at the international level have emphasized women's participation in the economy. In particular, international gender policies tend to concentrate on the promotion of women's access to resources, such as jobs, education, land, other assets, and credit. Recent literature acknowledges that women's empowerment involves more than access to resources but also implies agency and an enabling institutional context, which together help women to achieve better well-being (Kabeer, 2001; Narayan, 2005a; Alsop et al., 2006; Ibrahim and Alkire, 2007). In light of the recent literature on women's empowerment, this chapter undertakes an innovative exploratory analysis of the role of resources relative to women's agency, captured by gendered institutions that limit this agency. Non-market institutions that constrain women's economic position as well as economic development in general are measured, like all other variables, at the macro level. Whereas most scholarship on women's empowerment is at the micro level, the empirical analysis here is cross-country. The advantage of a cross-country empirical analysis is that it allows for much more variation in institutions, and, hence, it helps to understand more fully how these affect women's agency and access to resources. (At the micro level, for example, a negative effect of gender norms on women's bargaining power has been demonstrated, even to the extent that it overrides a positive effect of resources.) In support of a macro-level analysis of empowerment, a useful database has become available with indicators for gendered institutions for most countries of the world (OECD, 2006). Obviously, data on institutions that are qualitative have their limitations for quantitative analysis and require a careful assessment in terms of measurement and multi-collinearity. These limitations will be discussed. The next section will briefly discuss the literature on empowerment. The two sections thereafter will introduce exploratory models and the data as well as ...

AbstractThe standard empowerment model underlying gender policies by international organisations emphasises women's access to resources. This paper presents an exploratory analysis of the relative importance of access to resources as compared with women's agency, recognising that this agency may be limited by gendered institutional constraints. It presents a cross‐country analysis with a variety of formal and informal gendered institutions, access to resources and well‐being achievements. The regression analysis suggests that women's empowerment depends both on access to resources (positively) and on gendered institutions (negatively), with different institutions affecting different dimensions of empowerment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.