Suchergebnisse

Tout au long de la Grande Guerre, des dizaines de milliers de Belges se portèrent volontaires pour défendre leur patrie agressée et occupée. Toutefois, certains ne parvinrent pas à rejoindre le front. Leurs rêves héroïques de jeunes patriotes échouèrent dans des geôles allemandes auxquelles ils n'étaient pas préparés. Encore peut-on se demander comment ils ont vécu ces expériences inhabituelles, quelles sont les émotions exprimées par ces volontaires de guerre mis en échec et ce que l'expression de leurs émotions dit de leur rapport à un monde chamboulé et à eux-mêmes. Telles sont les questions que l'article aborde à travers l'analyse des émotions exprimées par trois jeunes volontaires de guerre dans leurs carnets rédigés pendant leur détention ou juste après.

World War I claimed the lives of approximately 60,000 Belgian civilians and soldiers. Belgium was uniquely situated in the middle of the conflict and suffered civilian massacres in August 1914 and the occupation of the territory up to 1918. All of these factors had a direct impact on mourning rites both during and after the war. The renewal of mourning rites such as funeral masses in occupied Belgium, the invention of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, and national funerals for patriots after the war shows an equal consideration for civilian and military deaths.

Charles de Broqueville, chief of the Belgian government during the First World War, acted as liaison between the king and the Belgian government. He supported the king in his attempts to obtain peace and his efforts to break free from the Allies.

On 4th August 1914, the Belgian army resisted vigorously to the German invasion, with no possibility of defeating by itself its adversary but the hope to see its guarantors coming to help. This resistance surprised both France and Great Britain, but also Germany. Other scenarios were admittedly possible. This paper intends to examine the Belgian decision to defend at all costs its neutrality. For this decision was not taken on the spot in August 1914, but was the result of a process initiated in 1911.

On 4th August 1914, the Belgian army resisted vigorously to the German invasion, with no possibility of defeating by itself its adversary but the hope to see its guarantors coming to help. This resistance surprised both France and Great Britain, but also Germany. Other scenarios were admittedly possible. This paper intends to examine the Belgian decision to defend at all costs its neutrality. For this decision was not taken on the spot in August 1914, but was the result of a process initiated in 1911.

L'auteur aborde la question des commémorations belges de la Première Guerre mondiale à travers quatre questions : 1) Quel est le discours du gouvernement fédéral à propos de la Grande Guerre ? Comment envisage-t-il les commémorations ? 2) Quels discours et quelles attitudes adoptent les provinces wallonnes et flamandes ? Peut-on parler de mémoire de la Grande Guerre construite en opposition ? Sur quoi s'opposent-elles ou se rejoignent-elles ? 3) Pourquoi le tourisme mémoriel joue-t-il un aussi grand rôle ? Pourquoi est-il l'objet d'un tel développement ? 4) Quelle est la place de la Grande Guerre dans les programmes scolaires du secondaire (collège) ? Comment est-elle enseignée ? Existe-t-il des différences régionales ?

Si, depuis une dizaine d'années, les recherches sur les patriotes de la Première Guerre mondiale ont permis de mieux cerner le phénomène de cette première « résistance », on sait encore peu de choses sur ce qu'ils ont subi en prison et comment ils l'ont vécu. Or ces hommes avaient désappris la violence quotidienne. Dans cette perspective, on se demandera d'une part quelles sont les violences subies par ces patriotes emprisonnés, et de l'autre comment elles sont vécues, perçues et interprétées par ceux qui les subissent. Leur cas est d'autant plus intéressant qu'il s'insère dans le contexte d'une guerre totale où la violence est dirigée non seule­ment contre les combattants, mais également contre des civils.

The present study examines current social representations associated with the origins of the Great War, a major event that has profoundly affected Europe. A survey conducted in 20 European countries (N = 1906 students in social sciences) shows a high consensus: The outbreak of the war is attributed to the warring nations' leaders while the responsibility of the populations is minimized. Building on the concept of social representation of history (Liu & Hilton, 2005), we suggest that the social representations of the Great War fulfill social psychological functions in contemporary Europe. We suggest that WWI may function as a charter for European integration. Their content also suggests a desire to distinguish a positively valued ingroup ("the people") from powerful elites, construed as an outgroup.

The main goal of the special issue on 'the interplay between collective memory and the erosion of nation states: The paradigmatic case of Belgium' is to examine the erosion of the Belgian State as an exemplary illustration of the way memories of past events can influence current attitudes, emotions, representations and behaviours. We believe that the recent political crisis in Belgium, with no government for more than one year after the 2010 general elections, could be partly illuminated by the diverging and sometimes contradictory memories each linguistic group (Dutch- vs. French-speakers) in Belgium holds about the past. These issues will be examined through different disciplines from the social sciences and humanities: social psychology, history, psychoanalysis, political sciences, and literature. ; SCOPUS: ed.j ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The main goal of the special issue on 'the interplay between collective memory and the erosion of nation states: The paradigmatic case of Belgium' is to examine the erosion of the Belgian State as an exemplary illustration of the way memories of past events can influence current attitudes, emotions, representations and behaviours. We believe that the recent political crisis in Belgium, with no government for more than one year after the 2010 general elections, could be partly illuminated by the diverging and sometimes contradictory memories each linguistic group (Dutch- vs. French-speakers) in Belgium holds about the past. These issues will be examined through different disciplines from the social sciences and humanities: social psychology, history, psychoanalysis, political sciences, and literature.

The main goal of the special issue on 'the interplay between collective memory and the erosion of nation states: The paradigmatic case of Belgium' is to examine the erosion of the Belgian State as an exemplary illustration of the way memories of past events can influence current attitudes, emotions, representations and behaviours. We believe that the recent political crisis in Belgium, with no government for more than one year after the 2010 general elections, could be partly illuminated by the diverging and sometimes contradictory memories each linguistic group (Dutch- vs. French-speakers) in Belgium holds about the past. These issues will be examined through different disciplines from the social sciences and humanities: social psychology, history, psychoanalysis, political sciences, and literature.

The present study examines current social representations associated with the origins of the Great War, a major event that has profoundly affected Europe. A survey conducted in 20 European countries (N = 1906 students in social sciences) shows a high consensus: The outbreak of the war is attributed to the warring nations' leaders while the responsibility of the populations is minimized. Building on the concept of social representation of history (Liu & Hilton, 2005), we suggest that the social representations of the Great War fulfill social psychological functions in contemporary Europe. We suggest that WWI may function as a charter for European integration. Their content also suggests a desire to distinguish a positively valued ingroup ("the people") from powerful elites, construed as an outgroup. ; This research was conducted within the framework of COST Action IS1205 "Social psychological dynamics of historical representations in the enlarged European Union. ...