Suchergebnisse

The last fifteen or twenty years have been marked by fundamental advances in the sources of complex behavior in micro- and macro-economics, in the practical and methodological implications of such behavior, and in the methods and tools appropriate to cope with them. Much of these developments have been driven by the recognition and acceptance by economists of approaches initiated in other fields - such as non-linear dynamics, statistical physics, network theory, biology, computer science, and the use of computational methods as problem-solving tools - giving rise to important and innovative impulses to economic thinking. The sixteen papers in this book -- the fourteenth volume in the series International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics - reflect from various perspectives this recent evolution. They are the outgrow from a selection of communications presented at the COMPLEXITY2000 workshop held in Aix en Provence, France, 4-6 May 2000 - a workshop that brought together, from twenty-two nations, almost seventy economists, mathematicians, biologists and physicists interested in complex phenomena. All papers were strictly refereed in the intended tradition of the series: to provide journal quality collections of research papers of unusual importance in areas of currently highly visible activity within the economics profession. With its selection of articles, the book presents an overview of advanced contributions to complexity in economics and social system, such as chaotic dynamics and multiple equilibria, agent-based models, applications of genetic algorithms, non-equilibrium macro-dynamics, information transmission, learning mechanisms. Although the papers address economic problems, the authorship and the perspectives presented are interdisciplinary and provide therefore a number of innovative insights and solutions to classical or new questions

The modern Middle East emerged out of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, when Britain and France partitioned the Ottoman Arab lands into several new colonial states. The following period was a charged and transformative time of unrest. Insurgent leaders, trained in Ottoman military tactics and with everything to lose from the fall of the Empire, challenged the mandatory powers in a number of armed revolts. This is a study of this crucial period in Middle Eastern history, tracing the period through popular political movements and the experience of colonial rule. In doing so, Provence emphasises the continuity between the late Ottoman and Colonial era, explaining how national identities emerged, and how the seeds were sown for many of the conflicts which have defined the Middle East in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. This is a valuable read for students of Middle Eastern history and politics

"A history of the largest and longest-lasting people's revolt in the Arab East, which attempted to liberate Syria from French Mandate rule in 1925"--Provided by publisher

Stateless Revolutionaries and the Aftermath of the Ottoman Great War Commonplace European and American impressions of the Middle East focus on disorder and violence. But the Ottoman nineteenth century was less violent than in much of Europe or America. People everywhere experienced the emergence of the modern state and its claims on their resources, bodies, and consciousness. The story was similar in most of the eventual Great War belligerents: mass conscription, citizenship, education and indoctrination into the state, and its collective narratives characterised the long nineteenth century. After 1918 Britain and France partitioned the Ottoman State into more than a dozen new colonial and quasicolonial states. This event is the origin point of Middle Eastern disorder of the past century. Former citizens of the defeated Ottoman Empire did not accept partition and colonialism. The post-war Middle Eastern settlement was everywhere greeted with revolts and revolutions. But lost in the details of both colonial and postcolonial nationalist historiography of these movements, is the legacy of nineteenthcentury Ottoman modernity that both bound them together and facilitated their emergence.

AbstractThe foundations of both Arab and Turkish nationalism lay in the late Ottoman mass education and conscription project and in the region-wide struggle against colonial rule in the 1920s and 1930s. The anticolonial insurgencies of the 1920s and 1930s have passed into history as the formative expressions of new nations: the Turkish War of Independence, the Iraqi revolt of 1920, the Syrian Battle of Maysalun, the Great Syrian Revolt, and the Palestinian uprisings of 1920, 1929, and 1936. But all insurgents of the 1920s had been Ottoman subjects, and many and probably most had been among the nearly three million men mobilized into the Ottoman army between 1914 and 1918. The Ottoman State, like all 19th-century European powers, had made mass education and conscription a centerpiece of policy in the decades before the Great War.

In late October 1999 I visited the third annual Syrian National Documentation Festival in the Damascus fairgrounds. Syrian ministry employees and Ba'th Party officials have organized the ten-day long annual Documentation Festival since the mid-1990s. Its stated purpose is to preserve and celebrate the heritage of the nation. In 1999 the exhibition was separated into four large halls devoted to different documents and art. The most prominent hall was devoted to heroic paintings, photos, and videotaped speeches of then Syrian President Hafiz al-Asad. Other halls were devoted to popular art, family, local, and municipal histories and documents, and selections from the archives of various departments and ministries. The final hall contained the ministry of education, ministry of antiquities, including the national archives, the ministry of the interior including the departments of awqâf (sing, waqf), Damascus municipal police, and the ministry of agriculture.