Suchergebnisse

The object of research in this paper is "hate speech" as a phenomenon on the Internet. The author aims to find out the effectiveness of the existing legal mechanisms for combating online "hate speech" within the European Union, as well as to suggest measures that can be implemented in the European Union system to combat it in a more successful way. To achieve it, several tasks are provided: to characterize the concept of "hate speech" and its specifics of spreading on the Internet; to analyze the existing sources of the European Union law on combating "hate speech" online; on their basis, to propose a set of measures for the development of the system of combating "hate speech" on the Internet. Using such methods as the analysis of legislative acts and scientific publications, the comparative method, as well as the method of generalization, the author concluded that within the European Union there is no unified approach to the definition of the concept of "hate speech". The main problems that need to be addressed at the legislative level to combat "hate speech" were identified in order to create a more effective system of measures online, including the risk of excessive censorship of materials due to the limited time frames for making a decision to restrict access to the material. Moreover, legal norms within the European Union do not oblige Internet companies to report a decision to both its author and the person who reported the placement of the material which is concerning regarding the compliance with the principle of transparency.

The object of research in this paper is "hate speech" as a phenomenon on the Internet. The author aims to find out the effectiveness of the existing legal mechanisms for combating online "hate speech" within the European Union, as well as to suggest measures that can be implemented in the European Union system to combat it in a more successful way. To achieve it, several tasks are provided: to characterize the concept of "hate speech" and its specifics of spreading on the Internet; to analyze the existing sources of the European Union law on combating "hate speech" online; on their basis, to propose a set of measures for the development of the system of combating "hate speech" on the Internet. Using such methods as the analysis of legislative acts and scientific publications, the comparative method, as well as the method of generalization, the author concluded that within the European Union there is no unified approach to the definition of the concept of "hate speech". The main problems that need to be addressed at the legislative level to combat "hate speech" were identified in order to create a more effective system of measures online, including the risk of excessive censorship of materials due to the limited time frames for making a decision to restrict access to the material. Moreover, legal norms within the European Union do not oblige Internet companies to report a decision to both its author and the person who reported the placement of the material which is concerning regarding the compliance with the principle of transparency.

The article analyzes the management of the influence of organized interests on public policy. The article reveals the concept of organized interests, the essential differences in comparing the concepts of organized interests and interest groups. The article takes the view that organized interests are a more neutral concept that better explains the nature of all actors seeking to influence public policy-making. The author of the article is of the opinion that the concept of interest groups – due to the disagreement of scientists in defining it – causes a lot of confusion when comparing the results of different researches and using the theoretical insights of other scientists. Organized interests interact with other public policy makers to influence policy outcomes. This article analyzes the ways in which organized interests can influence public policy. According to the author of the article, by identifying the ways of influencing public policy, it is possible to envisage ways to manage that influence. The article applies methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparative analysis of scientific literature.

The article analyses the relationship between democracy and technocracy invoking Lithuanian philosopher Vydūnas' view on the role of moral values playing in the state. Investigating projects directed to the welfare state creation the author asks how much these projects are technocratic in the narrow sense – performing with the help of knowledge of nature sciences, engineering, economics and other, and what role in these pro-jects moral values play. The author distinguishes two types of projects – technocracy in the narrow and in the wide sense. The latter is defined as social engineering based on the interdisciplinary discussion of experts on the questions linked with moral values. The main theses defended are the following: democracy ant technocracy as the methods of governance should not be contrasted; technocracy could not replace democracy which is the system defending freedom of the individual person; moral ideals (freedom, equality, justice, seeking of common good) are the basic guide in the sphere of values for the social engineering directed to the creation of welfare state.

The article analyses the relationship between democracy and technocracy invoking Lithuanian philosopher Vydūnas' view on the role of moral values playing in the state. Investigating projects directed to the welfare state creation the author asks how much these projects are technocratic in the narrow sense – performing with the help of knowledge of nature sciences, engineering, economics and other, and what role in these pro-jects moral values play. The author distinguishes two types of projects – technocracy in the narrow and in the wide sense. The latter is defined as social engineering based on the interdisciplinary discussion of experts on the questions linked with moral values. The main theses defended are the following: democracy ant technocracy as the methods of governance should not be contrasted; technocracy could not replace democracy which is the system defending freedom of the individual person; moral ideals (freedom, equality, justice, seeking of common good) are the basic guide in the sphere of values for the social engineering directed to the creation of welfare state.

The article analyzes the management of the influence of organized interests on public policy. The article reveals the concept of organized interests, the essential differences in comparing the concepts of organized interests and interest groups. The article takes the view that organized interests are a more neutral concept that better explains the nature of all actors seeking to influence public policy-making. The author of the article is of the opinion that the concept of interest groups – due to the disagreement of scientists in defining it – causes a lot of confusion when comparing the results of different researches and using the theoretical insights of other scientists. Organized interests interact with other public policy makers to influence policy outcomes. This article analyzes the ways in which organized interests can influence public policy. According to the author of the article, by identifying the ways of influencing public policy, it is possible to envisage ways to manage that influence. The article applies methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparative analysis of scientific literature.

The essence of the artistic project is the written text that created a work of art. The writer of the text manifests himself in the presence of this work as a research associate and co-author whose verbal/written experience is limited in comparison to his visual erudition. The position of the artist who refrains from producing individual works concentrates here on the search for structures and their interrelations, which allow to identify broader trends and the possibilities of moving in more diverse trajectories. The work is presented as a gift that unfolds not as science derived from art, but instead as art extracted from science. Although the study process noticeably focuses on the written research work, the purpose of this artistic project is to ensure that art is not neglected. The research part is integrated into the creative artistic one, and vice versa. The bookmark, which materialises from aestheticised conclusions, is the artistic expression of the written text. The entire text can be considered the author of and a long signature under this work. As war is only staged rather than actually fought in a military academy, art in the academic context can likewise be perceived as imitation. Although this imitation does not lead where it is expected to, the present book with a bookmark can function as a work of art simply because it sticks to what is visual and beautiful.

The essence of the artistic project is the written text that created a work of art. The writer of the text manifests himself in the presence of this work as a research associate and co-author whose verbal/written experience is limited in comparison to his visual erudition. The position of the artist who refrains from producing individual works concentrates here on the search for structures and their interrelations, which allow to identify broader trends and the possibilities of moving in more diverse trajectories. The work is presented as a gift that unfolds not as science derived from art, but instead as art extracted from science. Although the study process noticeably focuses on the written research work, the purpose of this artistic project is to ensure that art is not neglected. The research part is integrated into the creative artistic one, and vice versa. The bookmark, which materialises from aestheticised conclusions, is the artistic expression of the written text. The entire text can be considered the author of and a long signature under this work. As war is only staged rather than actually fought in a military academy, art in the academic context can likewise be perceived as imitation. Although this imitation does not lead where it is expected to, the present book with a bookmark can function as a work of art simply because it sticks to what is visual and beautiful.

The essence of the artistic project is the written text that created a work of art. The writer of the text manifests himself in the presence of this work as a research associate and co-author whose verbal/written experience is limited in comparison to his visual erudition. The position of the artist who refrains from producing individual works concentrates here on the search for structures and their interrelations, which allow to identify broader trends and the possibilities of moving in more diverse trajectories. The work is presented as a gift that unfolds not as science derived from art, but instead as art extracted from science. Although the study process noticeably focuses on the written research work, the purpose of this artistic project is to ensure that art is not neglected. The research part is integrated into the creative artistic one, and vice versa. The bookmark, which materialises from aestheticised conclusions, is the artistic expression of the written text. The entire text can be considered the author of and a long signature under this work. As war is only staged rather than actually fought in a military academy, art in the academic context can likewise be perceived as imitation. Although this imitation does not lead where it is expected to, the present book with a bookmark can function as a work of art simply because it sticks to what is visual and beautiful.

The essence of the artistic project is the written text that created a work of art. The writer of the text manifests himself in the presence of this work as a research associate and co-author whose verbal/written experience is limited in comparison to his visual erudition. The position of the artist who refrains from producing individual works concentrates here on the search for structures and their interrelations, which allow to identify broader trends and the possibilities of moving in more diverse trajectories. The work is presented as a gift that unfolds not as science derived from art, but instead as art extracted from science. Although the study process noticeably focuses on the written research work, the purpose of this artistic project is to ensure that art is not neglected. The research part is integrated into the creative artistic one, and vice versa. The bookmark, which materialises from aestheticised conclusions, is the artistic expression of the written text. The entire text can be considered the author of and a long signature under this work. As war is only staged rather than actually fought in a military academy, art in the academic context can likewise be perceived as imitation. Although this imitation does not lead where it is expected to, the present book with a bookmark can function as a work of art simply because it sticks to what is visual and beautiful.

The essence of the artistic project is the written text that created a work of art. The writer of the text manifests himself in the presence of this work as a research associate and co-author whose verbal/written experience is limited in comparison to his visual erudition. The position of the artist who refrains from producing individual works concentrates here on the search for structures and their interrelations, which allow to identify broader trends and the possibilities of moving in more diverse trajectories. The work is presented as a gift that unfolds not as science derived from art, but instead as art extracted from science. Although the study process noticeably focuses on the written research work, the purpose of this artistic project is to ensure that art is not neglected. The research part is integrated into the creative artistic one, and vice versa. The bookmark, which materialises from aestheticised conclusions, is the artistic expression of the written text. The entire text can be considered the author of and a long signature under this work. As war is only staged rather than actually fought in a military academy, art in the academic context can likewise be perceived as imitation. Although this imitation does not lead where it is expected to, the present book with a bookmark can function as a work of art simply because it sticks to what is visual and beautiful.

The essence of the artistic project is the written text that created a work of art. The writer of the text manifests himself in the presence of this work as a research associate and co-author whose verbal/written experience is limited in comparison to his visual erudition. The position of the artist who refrains from producing individual works concentrates here on the search for structures and their interrelations, which allow to identify broader trends and the possibilities of moving in more diverse trajectories. The work is presented as a gift that unfolds not as science derived from art, but instead as art extracted from science. Although the study process noticeably focuses on the written research work, the purpose of this artistic project is to ensure that art is not neglected. The research part is integrated into the creative artistic one, and vice versa. The bookmark, which materialises from aestheticised conclusions, is the artistic expression of the written text. The entire text can be considered the author of and a long signature under this work. As war is only staged rather than actually fought in a military academy, art in the academic context can likewise be perceived as imitation. Although this imitation does not lead where it is expected to, the present book with a bookmark can function as a work of art simply because it sticks to what is visual and beautiful.

The purpose of this study is to determine the permissibility, necessity and perspective of the amendment of the Constitution of 3 May 1791 after the hypothetical expiry of the first 25 years of its validity, in 1816. The author seeks to identify the alterable part of the Constitution, i.e. those constituent acts and those provisions which have been authorized for amendment after 25 years; to establish the provisions of the Constitution to be amended, i.e. to draw a conclusion from the analysis of the text of the Constitution itself regarding the "problematic" provisions, the correction of which arises from the constitutional regulation itself, the spirit of the Constitution itself, its internal logic.

The purpose of this study is to determine the permissibility, necessity and perspective of the amendment of the Constitution of 3 May 1791 after the hypothetical expiry of the first 25 years of its validity, in 1816. The author seeks to identify the alterable part of the Constitution, i.e. those constituent acts and those provisions which have been authorized for amendment after 25 years; to establish the provisions of the Constitution to be amended, i.e. to draw a conclusion from the analysis of the text of the Constitution itself regarding the "problematic" provisions, the correction of which arises from the constitutional regulation itself, the spirit of the Constitution itself, its internal logic.

The purpose of this study is to determine the permissibility, necessity and perspective of the amendment of the Constitution of 3 May 1791 after the hypothetical expiry of the first 25 years of its validity, in 1816. The author seeks to identify the alterable part of the Constitution, i.e. those constituent acts and those provisions which have been authorized for amendment after 25 years; to establish the provisions of the Constitution to be amended, i.e. to draw a conclusion from the analysis of the text of the Constitution itself regarding the "problematic" provisions, the correction of which arises from the constitutional regulation itself, the spirit of the Constitution itself, its internal logic.