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What is the value of the accusations of irrationality & ineffectiveness leveled at the traditional pol'as structures? If we understand rationality as the sense in which it is used by the engineer in the construction of a bridge, it is clear that pol'al judgement seldom meets this standard. But is this a correct statement of the problem? For the bystander, it is a simple thing to discover in politics many examples of incoherence & ineffectiveness. The periodic attempts made in the direction of correcting such errors (admin've reforms) remain unsuccessful. New techniques (operational res) involve only a small segment of Gov operations. Is this state of affairs due to a continuing problem arising from the very nature of Gov or is it merely an example of lag? The 1st hypothesis seems to be the correct one. The choice of the fundamental criteria of pol'al life cannot be made through rational methods: they are rather derived from ideologies that are themselves a result of ethical preconceptions. The rational calculus can be used to determine the means suitable to achieve the ends. However, there are many obstacles to the exclusive use of rational methods. Moreover, the politician remains, & must remain, the final judge of whether or not to apply the solutions arrived at by the technicians & the experts. The determination of what should be demanded from the citizenry & what should be imposed on it remains the major task of those in charge of the machinery of Gov. It may be necessary to approach the problem from another direction & to attempt to establish a rational pol'al model having its own irreducible traits that could be measured solely in terms of mechanical efficiency. However, the creator of this model is not yet able to specify the criteria & the variables for its establishment. Tr by J. A. Broussard from IPSA.

Two phenomenological diffusion theories based, respectively, on thermodynamics of irreversible processes and on a dynamical method are compared.
It is shown that both formulations correctly describe the diffusion process, and that the selection of the appropriate scheme for a particular problem is a matter of convenience. The formulation according to irreversible thermodynamics appears, however, -preferable for problems involving the differential diffusion equation.
The matrix of coefficients connecting the two formulations is calculated explicitly in a form applicable to all reference frames for the bulk velocity.

The chemical effects which result from the passage of energetic atoms through liquid or gaseous media, have been studied by means of exact methods of the theory of probability. The distribution function for the number of hot products has been determined in terms of the efficiency of reaction upon collision.

Using the model established in paper I [1], the chemical effects which result from a multiplying system of hot particles have been studied. The «first collision equation » treatment of the general Markoff cascade is applied to hot atoms. Semi-invariants characterizing the distribution of the number of hot products (average value and dispersion) may be computed, by using the generating function of that distribution.

Using the special representation introduced by I. Prigogine and S. Ono, we derive an exact formula for the conductivity tensor resulting from the scattering of a free electron by randomly distributed impurities. This formula is the exact analog of the general expression obtained by R. Balescu for classical systems.
This formula is applied to the explicit calculation of this conductivity tensor up to the order λ0. Special attention is paid to the λ0 correction coming from a fourth order transition, which has a singular behavior in the limit of an infinite system, although no intermediate are identical with each other.

Étude de la solution fondamentale de l'équation de Tricomi et d'équations associées.

Admin'ive structures are of capital importance in every aspect of French life. Only through a sociol'al approach can we understand the factors which condition their present-day org & its evolution. The data collected during a psycho-sociol'al study of an important Parisian ministry allows us to study the principal org'al problems: effectives, adaptation of personnel to functions, org of lower ranks, & the integration of the entire personnel corps within the service. These problems cannot be resolved because of the poor distribution of power & the complete separation between those who conceive the idea & those who execute it. We can draw a certain number of general precepts from this study, regarding the admin'ive system & the 'cultural' type of the public servant, & from these, the general directions in which sociol'al res might produce solutions to the problems of public administration. IPSA.

The theory which has been propagated in China since the spring of 1958 has been designated by the phrase buduan geming lun, which means literally 'the theory of the uninterrupted revolution.' Nevertheless, since it resembles the same term employed for 30 yrs to stigmatize the theory of Trotsky, it seems legitimate to translate the phrase as 'the permanent revolution.' Though the theory has never been developed in the writings of Mao Tse-Tung, it has always been attributed to him, & constitutes a natural elaboration of certain of his earlier writings, notably 'On the Contradiction' (1937) & his discussion of 'hundred flowers' (1957). This theory contains several characteristics in common with Trotsky's views, particularly in that it envisions a continual uprooting of society during the transition stage between socialism & communism. The Chinese conception is more far reaching, however; it relies upon the ideas of Engels & Lenin concerning the dialectic of nature, it foresees an uninterrupted series of 'qualitative transformations' in soc relations springing from the development of productive forces even after Communism fully arrives, & it titles these transformations, revolutions, so that the potential number of revolutions becomes unlimited. More important is its role in the present Chinese society. It is a reflection of 30 yrs of constant struggle against internal & external adversaries, & an instrument for the mobilization of the masses to the service of present policies of 'the great leap forward' & of the peoples' communes. Tr. by J. A. Broussard from IPSA.

The ancient Berber race is essentially democratic in its various cultural aspects, especially in its government through the Jema or assembly. Each clan, each tribe, and the confederation of tribes has its elected assembly composed of married men qualified to bear arms. The number of councilors, the frequency, and the length of the meetings vary with the problem concerned. The Jema's decision is final and its powers vary with the level on which it functions. However, the Jema represents all political, administrative and juridical functions. The meetings are conducted as free debates which attempt to arrive at general decisions. Consequently no attempt to force the decisions of the majority on the minority is made. The colonial administration of France should be cautious in attempting to enforce the idea of chieftainship on the Berber people, since the Jema is their government. It expresses the essential democracy of the Berbers and explains their relative indifference to Islam. J. E. Hughes.

In this paper, a system k0, obtained from Bochvar's system K0, by dropping the symbol « = » and the corresponding axioms, and with the same fundamental properties, is exhibited. K0 and k0 have a model in the extended propositionnal calculus, hence can be reduced in Boole's algebra. K0 and k0 have a model in the theory of elementary arithmetic sets, giving an interpretation of the paradoxes of Logic in this theory.