Suchergebnisse

To not only legislate for but to credibly sustain reforms is a central challenge facing reforming governments around the world. Well-thought out, well-intentioned, and otherwise well-designed reforms can fail or fall short as contexts change, new actors emerge, or political priorities transform. Prior studies of policy reform have driven home the point that in the world of politics, there are few guarantees and nothing is a sure thing. How is it, then, that some major reforms come to endure politically, while others dwindle and disappear? Bringing together insights from policy studies, policy feedback, and government performance, this study employs a multimethod approach examining the causes and contents of education and environmental reform endurance in parliamentary democracies over time. Reforms that Stick introduces and interrogates the twin imperatives of reform preservation and adaptation in an unstable, contingent, and politically contested world, resulting in a nuanced understanding of the processes and conditions contributing to a reform's endurance. This study reveals that there are different ways that reforms can endure and different ways they can fail to endure. Of the reforms that I examine, the extent to which they proved viable varied at different points in time. Some reforms initially appeared to gain traction in implementation, only to dwindle and lose their focus or strength over time. Other reforms evolved more incrementally and became more strongly institutionalised with the passage of time. Durable reforms preserve and reinforce their high-level ambitions and narratives amid the inevitable vagaries of politics. In practice, this could mean the removal, addition, or adjustment of policy instruments, their recalibration, or the further concretisation of programme-level objectives. To understand endurance, it is important to consider the seemingly innocuous but potentially transformative adjustments of a reform's architecture that occur over time.

The complexion of labour migration in the European Union (EU) has altered in recent years. Not only has there been a shift in the length of time labour migrants spend abroad, but the nature, scale and direction of the migration flows have also changed dramatically. The enlargements of the EU in 2004 and 2007 were influential in this respect. A growing economy and large wage gaps encouraged a large stream of workers to leave the new Member States for the old. The EU's open internal borders made it easy for them to return home or to move on to another Member State. This publication considers what this means for the future of labour migration and how policy should address this issue. - Europa is straks een krimpend continent. Hebben we daarom meer arbeidsmigranten nodig? En voegen zij zich als vanzelf in onze economie en samenleving? Of zijn de deuren al te ver opengezet? In betere banen gaat in de vraag hoe het arbeidsmigratiebeleid nu en in de toekomst vorm moet krijgen, in Nederland en de Europese Unie. Een aantal internationaal gerenommeerde wetenschappers analyseert de Europese arbeidsmigratie van vandaag en doordrenkt de uitdagingen voor morgen. Dit boek maakt duidelijk dat migratie een ander gezicht heeft gekregen. De meeste migranten die nu naar Nederland komen zij Europeanen, vaak uit Midden- en Oost-Europa. Sommigen blijven voorgoed anderen keren terug. Ook verwelkomt Nederland steeds meer hoger opgeleiden, regelmatig van buiten Europa. Door open grenzen is migratiebeleid vooral arbeidsmarktbeleid geworden.Voor beter arbeidsmigratiebeleid is inzicht noodzakelijk in de toekomstige structuur van de arbeidsmarkt in een globaliserende economie. Alleen dan kan arbeidsmigratie beter worden afgewogen tegen andere alternatieven. Is investeren in scholing te verkiezen boven buitenlandse werknemers? Bovendien: willen er straks nog wel mensen naar Nederland komen? Bij een ander gezicht van migratie hoort tenslotte een ander integratiebeleid. Daarbij mag van overheid en werkgevers meer worden verwacht. En bovenal van Brussel.