Suchergebnisse

Odluke u javnim poduzećima ne donose se isključivo na temelju kriterija profitabilnosti, već je riječ o objedinjavanju kriterija tržišnosti i javnosti. Unatoč raznolikosti ciljeva koje projektima u javnom sektoru treba zadovoljiti te činjenici da se odluke donose političkim procesom pregovaranja između dionika, podloga donošenju odluka treba biti analiza troškova i koristi. Pri tome treba uključiti sve koristi: materijalne i nematerijalne, izravne i posredne. Valja imati na umu da projekt treba biti troškovno pokriven kako u fazi izgradnje, tako i u fazi korištenja i održavanja. U ovome radu analiziraju se odluke u javnom poduzeću HAC s naglaskom na upravljačke odluke pri izgradnji autoceste A1. Ciljevi izgradnje ove autoceste bili su povezivanje državnoga prostora, povezivanje s europskom mrežom autocesta, razvoj turizma te povećanje sigurnosti prometa. Ti su ciljevi ostvareni. No nisu ostvareni željeni ciljevi povećanja razvoja, posebno gospodarskoga razvoja ruralnih i slabije naseljenih područja te zadržavanja i povećanja broja stanovnika. Tržišni ciljevi projekta također nisu ostvareni. Troškovi izgradnje dionice od Bosiljeva do Splita premašili su planirane troškove za 3 milijarde kuna. Prihodi su od 2015. do 2017. godine bili u prosjeku 500 milijuna kuna manji od projiciranih. Na temelju ovih podataka nameće se pitanje je li autocestu A1 trebalo graditi s pomoću kredita ili putem javno-privatnog partnerstva. S obzirom na pogreške u projekcijama, može se pretpostaviti da bi model javno-privatnog partnerstva podrazumijevao realniju procjenu prometne dinamike, nižu cijenu gradnje, bolje upravljanje prihodima, ali i postupniju gradnju. ; Decision-making in public companies does not take place solely based on profitability criteria, but it concerns the merging of market and public criteria. However, despite the diversity of objectives that public sector projects need to meet, and the fact that decisions are made through the process of political negotiation between stakeholders, the basis for making decisions ought to be an analysis of costs and benefits. Thus, it should include all benefits, both material and immaterial, direct and indirect. Yet, one should bear in mind that the project should be cost-effective, both in the construction phase and at the stage of use and maintenance. This paper analyses decisions made in the HAC (Croatian Highways) public company with an emphasis on management decisions when building the A1 motorway. During the construction of this highway, the objectives were to connect the state territory, connect with the European highway network, develop tourism and increase traffic safety. These objectives have been achieved. However, the desired goals of increasing development, specifically the economic development of rural and less-populated areas, and the retention and increase of the population have not been achieved. The project commercial goals have also not been realized. The costs of building Bosiljevo-Split highway section exceeded the planned costs by 3 billion Croatian kuna. The revenues from 2015 to 2017 were on average 500 million Croatian kuna less than projected. Based on these data, the question is whether the A1 motorway should have been built via a loan or through a public-private partnership. Given projection errors, it can be assumed that a model of public-private partnership would have implied a more realistic assessment of traffic dynamics, lower cost of construction, better revenue management, and probably more gradual construction.

Cilj ovog rada je istražiti u kojoj mjeri Europski sud pravde (ESP) odluke o prethodnim pitanjima u području socijalnih naknada za ekonomski neaktivne migrante, državljane Europske unije (EU), donosi strateški, a u kojoj se mjeri nacionalni sudovi u tim područjima pokoravaju odlukama ESP-a. Rad pri tome nastoji doprinijeti boljem razumijevanju utjecaja sudstva na javne politike putem procedure prethodnih pitanja EU-a. Kako je područje socijalne politike izrazito konfliktno, ovaj rad pretpostavlja da će aktivnosti ESP-a u tome području u najvećoj mjeri odražavati strateško balansiranje između dublje EU integracije putem sudskih praksi i poštivanja nacionalnih (fiskalnih) interesa i nadležnosti. Autor poseže za interguvernmentalnom teorijskom perspektivom racionalnog izbora i primjenjuje ju na primjeru Njemačke gdje su tri nedavna slučaja pristupa socijalnim naknadama (tj. posebnim nekontributivnim davanjima) upućena ESP-u na odlučivanje o prethodnim pitanjima (Dano C-333/13, Alimanović C-67/15 i García-Nieto C-299/14). Zaključci se temelje na rekonstrukciji političkih okolnosti, prethodne sudske prakse ESP-a, priloženih obrazloženja u slučajevima te konačne presude nacionalnih sudova. ; The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent the European Court of Justice (ECJ) decides strategically on preliminary references in matters of access to social benefits by economically inactive EU migrants, and to what extent national courts decide to comply with ECJ preliminary rulings in these issues. In doing so, this paper attempted to contribute to a better understanding of judiciaries' impact on public policy through the EU preliminary reference procedures. Knowing that the field of social policy is highly conflict-laden, this paper assumes that the ECJ activity in this area will largely reflect a strategic balancing between deeper EU integration through case law and respect for national (fiscal) interests and competences. The paper draws on an intergovernmental, rational-choice theoretical perspective and applies it in a case study on Germany, where three cases (Dano C-333/13, Alimanovic C-67/15 and García-Nieto C-299/14) regarding the access to social benefits (i.e. special non-contributory benefits) have recently been referred to the ECJ. To draw conclusions, the author traces political circumstances, previous ECJ case law, ECJ reasoning in the case studies and final verdicts by national courts.

U radu se istražuje kako zastupnici u Hrvatskom saboru percipiraju političku moć korisnica materinskih domova u Hrvatskoj te kakve iznose naknada iz sustava socijalne skrbi (zajamčene minimalne naknade i naknade za troškove stanovanja) zastupnici smatraju primjerenima korisnicama nakon otpusta iz domova. Konačno, istražuje se postoji li povezanost između percepcije zastupnika o političkoj moći korisnica i naknada iz sustava socijalne skrbi koje zastupnici predlažu. Percepcija o političkoj moći korisnica iskazana je kao stav zastupnika o značajnosti udjela korisnica u glasačkoj snazi Hrvatske te o sklonosti zastupnica mobilizaciji i pristupanju javnim dužnosnicima. Istraživanje je provedeno anketiranjem zastupnika, a rezultati daju naslutiti kako zastupnici vjeruju u nesklonost korisnica mobilizaciji i obraćanju javnim dužnosnicima. Međutim, najveći dio zastupnika niti se slaže niti ne slaže s tvrdnjom da je udio korisnica materinskih domova u ukupnoj glasačkoj snazi Hrvatske beznačajan. Zastupnici su, u prosjeku, predložili iznose zajamčene minimalne naknade i naknade za troškove stanovanja koji su znatno viši od iznosa koje je na temelju zakona zaista moguće ostvariti u sličnim situacijama. Također, rezultati pokazuju kako zastupnici koji iskazuju veći stupanj slaganja s tvrdnjom da korisnice materinskih domova nisu sklone mobilizaciji predlažu manji iznos zajamčene minimalne naknade i manji iznos naknade troškova stanovanja za pomoć majkama nakon otpusta iz domova. Međutim, nije dokazana povezanost percepcije zastupnika o udjelu korisnica u ukupnoj glasačkoj snazi Hrvatske s iznosima naknada koje su zastupnici predlagali, kao ni povezanost predloženih iznosa s percepcijom zastupnika o tendenciji korisnica da se za pomoć obrate javnim dužnosnicima. ; This paper explores how members of the Croatian Parliament perceive the political power of maternity home users in Croatia, expressed as Parliament members' views on the voting strength of maternity home users, propensity to mobilize and propensity to approach public officials for help. Additionally, it explores the benefit amounts of the welfare system they consider appropriate for users upon exiting maternity home (specifically the guaranteed minimum benefit and assistance of housing settlement costs). Ultimately, the paper investigates whether there is a correlation between the Parliament members' perceptions of the political power of maternity home users and the benefits of the welfare system proposed by the members. The results of a survey suggest that members of Parliament believe that maternity home users are reluctant to mobilize and approach public officials for help, while members neither agree nor disagree with the statement that the share of maternity home users in the total voting strength of Croatia is insignificant. Members of the Parliament proposed a guaranteed minimum benefit and amount of assistance in the settling of housing costs that are significantly higher than amounts actually achievable in similar situations under Croatian law. Also, the results show that members of the Parliament who express a greater degree of agreement with the statement that maternity home users are not likely to mobilize are proposing a lower guaranteed minimum benefit and a lower amount of assistance in the settling of housing costs. However, no correlation was found between Parliament members' perceptions of the maternity home users' voting strength and the amounts of welfare benefits proposed by Parliament members. There was also no correlation found between the members' perceptions of the maternity home users' tendency to approach public officials for help and the amounts of welfare benefits proposed by Parliament members.

This paper gives an overview of the socially clearly expressed desire & need for social security, promoted by means of various measures & policies known under the common designation: elements of the social state

Članak analizira poticaje za prijelaz iz nezaposlenosti u zaposlenost izražene pomoću različitih financijskih pokazatelja u Sloveniji i uspoređuje ih s onima u državama EU. Članak daje pregled glavnih značajki politika isplativosti rada i raspravlja razloge za njihovu primjenu u Sloveniji. Pokazuje se da u Sloveniji obitelji i pojedinci koji ne rade imaju slabe poticaje za pronalaženje posla, jer za mnoge se "posao ne isplati". Naknade za nezaposlene i novčane naknade, zajedno s visokim poreznim klinom, odvraćaju od rada. Kako bi se riješio ovaj problem, Slovenija bi trebala razmotriti uvođenje dodataka za zapošljavanje, naknada za zaposlene ili oboje. Trenutačno takve politike gotovo ne postoje. U svjetlu međunarodnih uspješnih iskustava s takvim politikama i s obzirom na visoki destimulirajući učinak koji stvaraju zamke nezaposlenosti, neaktivnosti i niskih plaća, takve politike u Sloveniji imaju veliki potencijal za poticanje prijelaza iz nezaposlenosti u zaposlenost i ostanak u radnom odnosu. ; The paper analyzes incentives for making transition from non-employment to work as expressed by various financial indicators in Slovenia and compares them to the EU countries. It also provides an overview of the main features of making-work-pay policies and discusses reasoning for their implementation in Slovenia. The paper shows that in Slovenia, families and individuals who are not working have poor incentives to find a job – because for many, "it does not pay to work." Unemployment benefits and cash transfers, coupled with high tax wedge, create high work disincentives. To address this issue, Slovenia should consider introducing into-work benefits, in-work benefits, or both. Presently such policies are virtually non-existent. In the light of international successful experiences with such policies and given the strong work disincentive created by unemployment, inactivity and low-pay traps, in Slovenia such policies have a great potential to stimulate transitions from non-employment to employment and stay in employment.

Rad se bavi analizom zadovoljstva poslom u sektoru trgovine, kao važne komponente sveobuhvatne socijalne i društveno odgovorne politike zapošljavanja u regiji Zapadnog Balkana. Cilj istraživanja je da se na temelju empirijski prikupljenih podataka i provedenog testiranja definiraju indikatori zadovoljstva poslom zaposlenih u sektoru maloprodaje Srbije, Hrvatske, Bosne i Hercegovine, Slovenije i Crne Gore s posebnim osvrtom na odnos između zemalja članica EU i zemalja koje nisu članice EU. U radu se testira hipoteza o statistički značajnoj povezanosti između indikatora zadovoljstva poslom, kao što su: plaće i naknade, uvjeta rada, sustava nagrađivanja, razvoja karijere, sigurnosti posla, kolegijalnosti i komunikacije kao pokazatelja zadovoljstva poslom i analiziranih država Zapadnog Balkana. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 356 maloprodavača iz najvećih supermarketa Zapadnog Balkana. Dobiveni rezultati su pokazali da postoji statistički značajna povezanost između analiziranih indikatora i država. Na temelju danih rezultata kreiran je model zadovoljstva poslom zaposlenih u sektoru maloprodaje Zapadnog Balkana. Praktičan značaj istraživanja je u tome da može pomoći menadžerima da upoznaju date indikatore kako bi utjecali na motiviranost, zadovoljstvo i produktivnost svojih zaposlenika i tako trgovinske tvrtke regije zapadnog Balkana što bolje pripremili za borbu s međunarodnom konkurencijom i ulazak na tržište Europske Unije. Rezultati pokazuju i važnost budućih istraživanja o mogućim odstupanjima glede utjecaja promatranih pokazatelja u utvrđenom modelu zadovoljstva poslom. ; The paper analyses the job satisfaction in the trade sector as an important component of a comprehensive social and socially responsible employment policy in the Western Balkans. The aim of the research is to use the empirically collected data and conducted tests for defining indicators of job satisfaction of employees in the retail sector in Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, and Montenegro with a special emphasis on the relation between EU members and non-EU countries. This paper tests the hypothesis on a statistically significant correlation between indicators of job satisfaction, such as salaries and benefits, working conditions, reward system, career development, job security, collegiality and communication, and the analysed countries of the Western Balkans. The study included 356 retailers from the largest supermarkets in the Western Balkans. The results showed statistically significant correlation between the analysed indicators and countries, and served as the basis for defining the model of employees' job satisfaction in the Western Balkans retail sector. Practical significance of the research is that it can help managers influence motivation, satisfaction and productivity of their employees, and thus better prepare trading companies in the Western Balkan countries for international competition arena and entry to the European Union market. The results indicate the importance of further research on possible discrepancies in the impact of the observed indicators in the established model of job satisfaction.

In his State, Plato allowed his philosopher-kings the "noble lie," the "lie" that benefits the person lied to, akin to the "medical lie" used by a physician to his patient's benefit. This text, using Plato as its starting point, looks into the role of the "noble lies" in today's politics. It turns out that such lies occur in today's democratic societies. Also, the "noble lies" are held responsible for stifling democratic publics & the loss of political trust. 17 References. Adapted from the source document.

The author researched the foreign direct investment flows, patterns & effects in conditions of regional economic integration in Europe. The foreign direct investment presence results in two effects: first, increase in competition, & second, creation of forward & backward linkages between domestic firms & foreign affiliates. The benefits of foreign direct investment for their host countries take the form of various types of externalities or spillovers (of technology, knowledge, productivity). The potential spillover benefits could be realized if domestic firms have the capacity to absorb foreign technologies & skills. References. Adapted from the source document.

Suprotstavljanje društveno neprihvatljivim postupanjima, poglavito činjenju korupcijskih kaznenih djela, u koje spada i davanje mita, važno je pitanje svakog uređenog pravnog poretka. Središnji dio te politike predstavlja kaznena politika. U ovom radu autor obrađuje kazneno zakonodavstvo Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva Velike Britanije i Sjeverne Irske s obzirom na pitanje aktivnog podmićivanja kao jednog od temeljnih oblika koruptivnog ponašanja. Prikazujući poredbeno uređenje kaznenog sustava navedenih zemalja, autor će se osvrnuti na osnovne sličnosti i razlike pravnog uređenja pasivnog podmićivanja u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu u odnosu na domaći pravni sustav. ; Confronting socially unacceptable activities, especially corruptive criminal acts, including bribing, makes an important issue of every regulated legal system. The crucial part of such policies are the criminal polices. In this paper, the author deals with the criminal legislation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, related to the matters of active bribing as one of the basic forms of corruptive behaviour. While comparing the way the penal system is regulated in the said country, the author comments basic similarities and differences of the passive bribing legal regulation in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Croatia.