Suchergebnisse

An evaluation of the relevance of Ur bias & Ru bias to the postrevolutionary Chinese case. Statistical data are presented on the nature & extent of differentiation in Ru-Ur living standards, the political basis of relevant economic policies is examined, & the relationship between these policies is investigated relative to changes in labor productivity in each sector & to intersectoral savings transfers. Both Ur bias & Ru bias hypotheses illuminate certain dimensions of Chinese development strategy. But the realities of Ru-Ur relations have been complex, & analysis must be supplemented by a focus on the division between state & society, & the question of state bias. 10 Tables, 73 References. HA.

Introduction -- Is media bias a serious problem? liberal bias in the media is a serious problem / Richard E. Vatz -- Conservative bias in the media is a serious problem / People for the American Way -- Media bias is not a serious problem / Jon Meacham -- Corporate spending in political campaigns fosters unfair media bias / Sheldon Whitehouse -- Corporate spending in political campaigns does not foster unfair media bias / Shannen W. Coffin -- Which issues reveal media bias? the media are biased in favor of business / David Madland -- The media are biased against business / Nathan Burchfiel -- The media have emphasized a pro-war agenda during the Iraq War / Colman McCarthy -- The media have emphasized bad news in reports about the Iraq War / Rich Noyes ... [et al.] -- The mainstream media exaggerate the threat of global warming / John Fisher -- Conservative news media dismiss the threat of global warming / Karl Frisch -- Should media bias be challenged? media bias should be sanitized and challenged / Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting -- Media bias should not be challenged / Greg Beato -- The Fairness Doctrine should be re-established / Steve Almond -- The Fairness Doctrine should not be re-established / -- Jim Demint -- "Fake news" reports creatively challenge media bias / Patrick McCormick -- "Fake news" reports undermine serious media coverage / Joe Saltzman

Introduction -- American media, a biased history -- Television and blogs -- Bias and perception -- Watergate -- Media, politics, and the (very) personal -- Business and government control of media -- The media and war -- Public broadcasting -- A biased future

Introduction. Fairness, politics, and American media -- Point: journalists are out of touch with America -- Counterpoint: journalists' views do not affect their reporting -- Point: the media have a liberal bias -- Counterpoint: claims of "biased media" are exaggerated -- Point: concentrated media ownership harms the public -- Counterpoint: the media are healthier than ever -- Conclusion: reforming the media

We demonstrate that female incumbents are of higher average candidate quality than male incumbents. This quality difference is the result of barriers to entry faced by potential female candidates, although the observed effects of this quality differential on vote share are partially masked by the fact that female incumbents are also more likely to be opposed or to be opposed by high-quality challengers. Using data from House elections for 1984-1992, we estimate that the gender-based differential in candidate quality yields an extra six percentage points of vote share for female incumbents. 7 Tables, 1 Appendix, 32 References. Adapted from the source document.

In Why Poor People Stay Poor: Urban Bias in World Development (London: Temple Smith, 1977), Michael Lipton argues that Ur bias is the moving force behind needlessly slow & inequitable growth in contemporary developing countries. This claim is defended against three main criticisms: that the methods chosen to test it are not appropriate; that the evidence tendered is not relevant or sufficient; & that the Ru-Ur polarity is not clear-cut or does not represent the prime conflict within contemporary developing countries. 116 References. HA.

Examination of the evidence of poor people's standard of living as the most fundamental aspect of differentiation; investigation of the ideological and political forces behind the economic policies which influence the outcome; examination of these policies and their outcome in respect to labour productivity changes in each sector and inter-sectoral savings transfer. (DSE)

Introduces a special journal issue on academic & media bias, the perceptions of political reality that journalists take to be uncontroversial & that therefore inform their scholarship & journalism. References. Adapted from the source document.