Suchergebnisse

An alternative to the education policy in Brasil: School accountability. This paper examines the school accountability (SA) policies adopted in the US. Significant impacts on the quality of education occur when the SA incorporates a set of sanctions and rewards to schools based on their students' performance. In comparison with other policies, it is also more efficient. Potential problems of adopting the SA (bias toward cognitive ability, gaming and difficulty in measuring the school contribution) can be overcome. The analysis suggests that the SA should be considered as an alternative to improve the quality of education in Brazil. (Rev Econ Polit/GIGA)

The European Commission's role seems to have declined in the past few years. However, the autonomy & the influence of the European Commission cannot be properly evaluated by classical integration theories. New European studies are establishing new theoretical models & new conceptual frameworks to correct biases that may result from a statocentric analysis. Integration studies are being replaced by governance studies. This change in focus allows for more pertinent evaluation of the relative weight of European institutions, lamely the European Commission, consolidating its central position in he communitarian system. References. Adapted from the source document.

In this paper, Charles Mills discusses what he calls "white ignorance", developing one of the main themes of his 1997 book, 'The Racial Contract'. His discussion is concerned with the idea of a cognitive disadvantage based on membership in a social group, which is not strange to the radical philosophical tradition, and that has been explored with more vigor in the recent Social Epistemology, in debates about epistemic injustices, silencing, willful ignorance, cognitive biases, epistemological standpoints, etc. Mills argues for an "Epistemology of the white ignorance", a racially and socially situated epistemology, which contraposes itself, in a great extent, to the individualistic tendencies of the traditional epistemological work, while conserving the interests in objectivity and truth of this work.

Look forward to the changing of society towards senescence and with it the growth of violence against elderly, the purpose of this article is to identify and describe the psychological support received by the elderly, victim of violence. This is a bibliographic review, through the analysis of published articles and books. Electronic search was conducted on the Virtual Health Library sites's. Sample consisted of articles in Portuguese in full, summaries of books and treatises published between 1998 and 2010. Observed that the form is disseminated in the image of the elderly company optimizes the bias and consequently the violence. According to the study it was concluded that the implementation of public policies to promote the mental health of the elderly who suffer from violence, but also for the promotion of violence prevention isn't only necessary.

Fiscal adjustment in Brazil: Some considerations under a post Keynesian approach. The article analyses the main issues concerned to fiscal policy in Brazil. For doing so, it assumes a Post Keynesian approach on this issue. First, it observes the origins of the Brazilian fiscal crises, showing that the Brazilian external debt had a fundamental role to play in its configuration. After, it analyses the present conduction of the fiscal policy in Brazil, emphasizing the orthodox framework that support it. Finally, the Post Keynesian approach on fiscal policy and the role of the State, as an element essential to reach a greater economic stability is discussed, showing that there are several experiences that seems to have a Keynesian bias, but that has little relation to Keynes approach, as is the case of Brazil. (Rev Econ Polit/GIGA)

In developing his materialist conception of history, Marx creates, at the same time, a critique to the Hegelian thought next to a critique of political economy. Those critiques are mainly concentrate in his works written throughout his youth, in particular 'The Misery of Philosophy'. Based on this work of Marx, the present paper aims to discourse on the metaphysics of political economy, whose critique is directed mainly to Proudhon responding to the work 'Philosophy of Misery', in which Proudhon tries to provide, in a metaphysical bias, the bases for the social problems, applying the Hegelian dialectic to the method of political economy. For Marx, the Proudhonist ideology, which is expressed in that work, is totally reformist and utopian. In contrast to the Proudhonist thought, and explaining simultaneously the foundations that constitute the theory of social being, which is woven by the capitalist mode of production, Marx publishes in 1847 his work 'The Misery of Philosophy' in response to Proudhon's 'Philosophy of Misery'.

With the words written here, we have the desire to reflect on what is Law, the so-called "Juridical Science". Observing that in the world "legal reason is posited as a reason without a body, or, if we wish as a narcissistic reason, insofar as it is the mirror-object body of itself" (SATIE, 2010, 637), our view of the Law has here a critical philosophical-sociological bias. We criticize the Law based on comments about what we believe to be the two main typologies of men that currently exist in our social environment: the "law man" and the "man of law." This is the legal professional and that is the common man, the one who declares himself faithful to obey the laws. The results of the bibliographical research on the subject reveal that the Law is not well the Science fomenting social peace, but only another ideological instrument responsible for controlling people, with the discriminating of being a state element, cogent, obligatory for all.

This article intends to approach, for a philosophical bias, the problem of Human Rights enunciated in Declarations of the XVIII and XX centuries. The basic question is human rights based on the "ideal of humanity" or "human dignity", considering two ideas: 1) the paradox of the 'Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen' and the notion that one feels only a human "With guaranteed rights someone who sees himself contemplated in the legal scope of a nation. 2) Humanity as a "great family" (Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948), and the world as "great nation". Therefore, we promote in this work a debate between three thinkers: Diderot, with his notion of the general will of the human race; Rousseau, with his refutation of Diderot's thesis, denying that there is a "natural or general society among men"; And Kant, who in his 'Perpetual Peace', in his own way, takes up the notion of cosmopolitanism denied by Rousseau and points to the possibility of the right to extend to all mankind.

In this article we intend undertake a reading of ancient judaism, or veterotestamentary, in some of its main aspects, in contrast to the Machiavellian view of the role of religion in the organization and expansion of the State. The first step of this enterprise will be given by exposing the founding and delineanting features of the ancient Jewish tradition, especially in the books that make up the so-called Old Testament, demonstranting the using of religion in the ordination and expansion of the State, as well as in the formation of the individual. In a second moment we will demonstrate how to create a new Jewish tradition, influenced and influential on the ancient Greek world, early in the Christian era which will be assimilated and explored in its mystical bias in Renaissance humanism. This Hellenistic Judaism tradition will be best known and assimilated in the European erudite circles of the Renaissance. Finally, we will try to demonstrate how the constitutive features of ancient Judaism, to the detriment of Hellenistic Judaism, can be read in the light of Machiavellian description of the role of religion in the organization and expansion of the State and the formation of the individual.