Suchergebnisse

Se propone un método para constatar el oficia­lismo periodístico en términos de la fidelidad de los medios informativos a las estrategias comunicativas de los gobiernos. El diseño de in­vestigación relaciona teóricamente la dimensión macro de "activación de cascada" y clientelismo gubernamental, con la micro de los encuadres institucionales, y lo aplica a la cobertura que las dos principales cadenas televisivas mexica­nas dieron al proceso legislativo de la reforma energética, con un análisis de contenido cuan­titativo (N=107 notas) y otro cualitativo, que compara los encuadres propuestos por ambos actores. Los resultados constatan una cobertura oficialista de las televisoras, al imprimir mejor visibilidad y tratamiento a las fuentes guber­namentales que a las opositoras, y reproducir fielmente su encuadre sobre la reforma.

ResumenEl objetivo del estudio es analizar los riesgos de invalidez (RI) a los que se exponen los trabajadores cotizantes al Sistema Integrado Previsional Argentino (SIPA). El período bajo estudio fue 2000‐2006, y se utilizaron registros administrativos como fuente de datos. Los resultados indican que 1,46 personas por cada 1.000 trabajadores se invalidaron anualmente. Los hombres muestran mayores RI que las mujeres y el comportamiento con la edad es creciente para ambos. Adicionalmente, se evalúan los RI por patología y régimen previsional, considerando su comportamiento con la edad y el sexo.

After 25 years of regional politics, little is known of those politicians that have held a seat in regional assemblies, especially their social profile, its evolution & whether or not this social profile mirrors the structure of society. For the first time, data presented in this article sheds some light over these issues. The author uses the independence & agglutination models, & the Social Bias Index, to find out that young & educated men born in the region they serve & mainly lawyers & educators have had more chances of entering the regional political elite than people with other profiles. The regional parliamentarian elite has changed its internal composition & has become more diverse in some respects (gender) but more homogeneous in others (internal migrants). The data shows, as well, a tendency towards the microcosmic model of representation. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.

The framework of linguistic intergroup bias is used to understand the interplay language use & cognitive biases in political conflicts. The hypothesis that desirable ingroup & undesirable outgroup behaviors are described in more abstract terms than undesirable ingroup behavior & desirable outgroup behavior was tested using G. Semin & K. Fiedler's (1988) categorical linguistic model in two studies of political conflict. In the first, 123 subjects from two opposing social movements -- 63 from Coordination de Gesto por la Paz(Coordinated Action for Peace [CGP]) & 60 from Herri Batasuna (supporting Basque independence) -- described the behaviors of models pictured wearing either CGP or Basque independence symbols. In the second study, the descriptions of victim & aggressor in a nationalist & nonnationalist murder in editorials of two nationalist -- Elgin & Deia -- & two nonnationalist -- Diario Vasco & ABC -- newspapers were analyzed. In both cases, with ANOVAs & qualitative analysis, respectively, the hypothesis was confirmed. 4 Tables, 22 References. Adapted from the source document.

Local women's councils are strategic places to channel women's participation and demands in order to promote gender policies at the local level. Nevertheless, as well as other participatory mechanisms, their dynamics could be biased according to participant's characteristics and the institutional agenda of local government. In this paper we try to show evidences about theses bias trough a survey carry out among women's associations in five Spanish cities. Results show that the participatory dynamic of local women's councils produces two kind of bias: an inclusiveness bias according to the traits of women's organizations, favouring those more oriented towards political activism; and a substantive bias according to the issues discussed, favouring those close to the local government agenda. Adapted from the source document.

This paper examines the nature of the data available for studying legislative behavior in Mexico. In particular, we evaluate a potentially serious problem: only a subset of roll-call votes have been released for the critical transition period of 1998-2006. We test whether this subset is a representative sample of all votes, and thus suitable for study, or whether it is biased in a way that misleads scholarship. Our research strategy takes advantage of a partial overlap between two roll call vote reporting sources by the Chamber of Deputies: the site with partial vote disclosure, created in 1998 and still in place today; and the site with universal vote disclosure since 2006 only. An examination of the data generation and publication mechanisms, comparing different estimations of legislative behavior, reveals that omitted votes reduce the precision of estimates but do not introduce bias. Scholarship of the lower chamber can therefore proceed with data that we make public with the publication of the paper. Adapted from the source document.

This paper looks at the administrative modernization proposal of President Vicente Fox's administration. This proposal -- just as the Ernesto Zedillo administration's proposal -- was included in a program aimed exclusively at this purpose, though, in the first case the so-called Good Government Agenda (GGA) had full support from the Executive. The GGA was marked by a managerial bias, meaning that both the proposal & its promoters deemed the advantages of private management a useful means for optimizing public administration, but disregarded the essential disparities between them, which explains the limitations of the proposal. Six strategies were implemented as part of the GGA, one of them focusing on the professionalization of the public service & having materialized in the enactment of the Act on Career Public Service. Additionally, the author explores -- insofar as the life span of this regulatory instrument allows -- its implementation & relative impact, & stresses those pending tasks that the current government shall face. References. Adapted from the source document.

"In diesem Beitrag wird eine reflexive Analyse darüber geleistet, in welcher Weise Gender-Perspektiven Sozialforschung beeinflussen. Es wird verdeutlicht, dass der sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschungspraxis in der Regel androzentrische und sexistische Positionen unterliegen. Dies hat negative Konsequenzen für Frauen, die in unterschiedlichen sozialwissenschaftlichen Feldern in die Produktion und Dissemination von Wissen involviert sind: Die herrschenden Praktiken behindern Frauen bei der Planung und Durchführung wissenschaftlicher Untersuchung und bei der Veröffentlichung der Forschungsergebnisse. Es handelt sich bei dem Gender-Bias um ein ethisches Problem mit erheblicher Bedeutung für die Sozialforschung. Ethik, die bei jeder Art von Forschungshandeln eine Rolle spielt, ist eng mit Entscheidungen im Forschungsprozess verknüpft, die wiederum durch den unterliegenden Bias gezeichnet sind. Insoweit spielt Ethik eine Schlüsselrolle in all jenen Prozessen, die auf Gender-sensitive Forschung und gegen die Diskriminierung von Frauen bzw. Ungleichheiten zwischen Männern und Frauen hinarbeiten." (Autorenreferat)

This article argues that the authoritarian bias often seen in Muslim countries is not the outcome of any inherent contradiction between Islam & democracy. On the contrary, this bias -- which is empirically confirmed here -- seems to be the result of the over-representation of rentier states among the Muslim countries. The list of countries where over half the population is Muslim includes many of the biggest oil & fuel exporters on the planet. The rents coming from these natural resources allow governments to lower tax burdens whilst increasing public expenditure. This helps to disarticulate the demands of certain social groups for greater freedom & transparency. Tables, Graphs, References. Adapted from the source document.

The impact of class values on theoretization in the social & natural sciences is examined. While the natural sciences depend for verification on experimental demonstration, social science analysis is based on abstraction. Consequently, class bias is much more likely in the social sciences because the inevitability of value judgment imparts a class perspective to all theorizing. However, unlike religion, bourgeois social science does not generate totally fantastic representation of reality; theories such as Keynesianism have a certain measure of practical validity. Proletarian social science (historical materialism) is not free of class bias either, but if its perspective is guided by the historical interests of the working class & it conforms to acceptable methodological criteria, it can generate objective knowledge of reality. S. Karganovic.