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The article analyzes the cultural capital of the family, as well as the ways of its transmission to the younger generations. The relevance of the problem is due to the need to develop human resources, especially educational and professional ones. The research questions were the types of cultural family capital and the peculiarities of its transmission, the influence of the teacher's profession in the field of preschool education on personal and intergenerational social mobility, the passage of educational and professional path by representatives of several family generations, the relevance of the biographical method.
The project studied biographical interviews of parents of students of top-rated Russian schools. The collected empirical arrays allowed us to draw conclusions about three generations of the informants' family. In addition to the intergenerational analysis, a study of existing sociological projects was conducted that examined in detail the activities of teachers in the field of preschool and school education.
The author presents the substantiation of several significant mechanisms of inheritance of cultural capital by the middle and younger generations of the family. The study of biographical materials was carried out using the domestic computer program Diskant. It is established that the profession of a kindergarten teacher has a positive effect on personal and generational social mobility. The main way of transferring family capital is the inheritance of value orientations for education and obtaining a profession in the field of highly qualified labor. An additional mechanism for the transmission of cultural resources can be considered a visit to cultural events and clubs.
The relevance of the biographical approach in application to the problems of research is substantiated. The method provides extensive empirical material with the opportunity to delve into the understanding of texts. The limitation in using the biographical approach was the complexity of digital processing of primary sociological information.

The article on the example of a military biography of Lieutenant F. I. Bytchekhvost demonstrated the possibilities of biographical reconstruction using different types of sources, methods and principles of historical research.

The book reviewed in this article is the result of many years of historical-sociological and historical-biographical studies conducted by B.Z. Doktorov. It contains generalizations of certain results of analyzing biographies, while also introducing the reader to the methodology and procedure of the historical-sociological pursuit. The book was written, in the words of the author himself, in the form of a "mental dialog" with the characters of the biographical narrative; it contains methodological clarifications, as well as descriptions of the creation of the texts included within the book. It contains the author's previously published work, dedicated to American scientists who conducted studies of public opinion (G. Gallup, H. Cantril, D. Ogilvy), as well as Russian sociologists belonging to the four eldest generations (B.A. Grushin, V.A. Yadov, T.I. Zaslavskaya, Y.A. Levada, A.N. Alekseev, V.B. Golofast, G.S. Batygin). The early activity of the first generation is associated with a period of rebirth (second generation) for Russian sociology during the 1950's and 1960's.

This review describes the origins of B.Z. Doktorov's interest towards the research problems; a short summary of the book is given; described is the research methodology of a generational approach; also revealed is the importance of B.Z. Doktorov's work when it comes to the history of Russian sociology and historical-biographical studies.

The proposed report deals with the analysis of the diary and memoirs of Nikolai Nikolayevich Beller Sr. (11 Jan 1901 – 29 Sept 1983), Samara scientist, oil chemist. Based on diaries of the period of the First World War and the Civil War (1914 – 1918) and fragments of memoirs of 1974, the difficulties of self-identity and the search for one's place in the history of homeland are shown; the context of the era and specific everyday information from the history of the family are compared. The family has an extensive archive fund that allows entering its information into the context of the era and extrapolating the conclusions, keeping in view the political history of the country as a whole. The presented materials convince of the relevance of continuing the search for answers to these difficult questions and leave a large and fertile field for further research on the topic. It is also worth noting that the author conducts detailed studies in a complex interdisciplinary field that covers such auxiliary scientific disciplines as genealogy, biography, prosopography, necropolis research, discourse analysis, etc. The collected information on more than four hundred persons related to the family history makes the research of the genus not only an intrafamily hobby, but also allows to extrapolate certain conclusions into the context of modern Russian history. ; Предлагаемый доклад посвящен анализу дневниковых и мемуарных записей самарского ученого, химика-нефтяника, Николая Николаевича Беллера-старшего (11.01.1901–29.09.1983). На основе дневниковых записей периода Первой мировой и Гражданской войн (1914–1918 гг.) и фрагментов мемуаров 1974 г. показываются сложности самоидентичности, поиска своего места в истории Отечества, сравнивается контекст эпохи и конкретные бытовые сведения из истории семьи. Автор является внучкой Н. Н. Беллера-старшего, в семье хранится обширный архивный фонд, который позволяет вписывать содержащиеся в нем сведения в контекст эпохи и экстраполировать выводы, имея ввиду политическую историю страны в целом. Собраны сведения о более чем четырёхстах персонах, относящихся к семейной истории, в публикациях подробно представлены двадцать два человека, служивших по военным сухопутному и морскому ведомствам в период 1820–1960 гг. Изучение рода становится не только внутрисемейным увлечением [1; C. 25], но и позволяет экстраполировать определенные выводы в контекст современной отечественной истории. Рассматривается отношение к ксенофобии, антисемитизму как одному из её проявлений, еврейскому вопросу на государственном уровне, и связанными с этими понятиями двойной морали в ходе российской истории. Предпринимается попытка указать на причины сложности подхода к самоидентичности, в том числе национальной, не только автора представленных воспоминаний, но и представителей последующих поколений. Затрагивается понятие «снобизм» как превосходство одних людей над другими. В представленных дневниках описаны не только профессиональные занятия членов семьи и связанные с ними подробности их повседневной деятельности, в том числе встречи с некоторыми чиновниками начала 20-го века, но и бытовые, семейные обстоятельства жизни семьи служащего среднего Поволжья. Целью дальнейших исследований является пересечение судеб членов семьи из разных ветвей генеалогического древа, соединившихся в 60-х годах XX века, и поиск решения проблемы отсутствия общественного и личного консенсуса по поводу интерпретации событий отечественной истории, что возможно благодаря обширному архиву весьма разветвлённого и пустившего свои корни в самые разные социальные страты рода. Представляемые материалы убеждают в актуальности продолжения поисков ответов на эти непростые вопросы и оставляют большое и благодатное поле для дальнейших исследований по теме. Стоит отметить также, что подробные исследования ведутся автором в сложном междисциплинарном поле, которое охватывает такие вспомогательные научные дисциплины, как генеалогия, биографика, просопография, некрополистика, дискурс-анализ и т. д.

In the first half of the 20th century a number of projects with a historical and biographical "stuffing" were carried out in our country, from psychologist N. Rybnikov's activity to establish Biographical Institute up to Gorky's "History of the Civil War", "History of Factories and Plants" and the Mintz Commission on the History of the Great Patriotic War. The affiliation of these projects to the first stage of the development of the biographical method, better known from the studies of the Chicago school, is asserted. The article attempts to analyze Russian projects on the subject of authorship / subjectivity constructions arising in them in an interdisciplinary way of the biographical method, as well as using a multiscalar approach to the study of social memory. It has been shown that "mass character" in these constructions has several aspects: A) involvement of the "masses", b) key to verification and consensus in describing the past through the recollections of many participants, c) performativity. The democratization of biography-writing is considered in the context of the 'Halbwachs Theorem'. In order for people unaccustomed to producing memories to be included in biographical practices, as well as to ensure the completeness and comparability of information obtained not only for political, but also for research purposes, semi-formalized methods were developed. Nevertheless, with all the declarations that the workers are now writing history, for the most part they were only suppliers of raw material, and the complex constructions of distributed authorship actually acted. © 2020 Institute of History and Archeology of the Ural Branch of RAS. All rights reserved.

This article analyses the work of the famous Russian-American sociologist, philosopher, and cultural researcher Pitirim Sorokin, written in his young years and published in the newspaper Vologodsky Listok in 1911. Motley Lace is of interest as a text that is indicative in several respects; in particular, from the point of view of possible reasons for choosing the place of publication, the influence of the nature of the publication on the artistic features of the travelogue, and the realisation of the author's value reflected in the content of the text. The study of Vologda as a place of publication of the travelogue demonstrates the diversity of the cultural life of the provincial city, the breadth of interests of the readers of Vologodsky Listok which published Sorokin's travel notes. The article suggests that the author of the travelogue created it counting on mass but educated audience. He sought to win its favour and used imaginative means and stylistic resources accordingly, employing emotive and evaluative vocabulary, an informal tone of conversation, and simple and distinct first-person reasoning appealing to everyday experience. At the same time, the narrator of Motley Lace who appears to be a progressively-minded and honest intellectual uses the newspaper as a platform for the purposes of education and propaganda. Being a convinced social revolutionary, Sorokin denounces social injustice, reveals the shortcomings of the surrounding reality, and expresses sympathy for the destitute. He admires nature and people's talents. The work is constructed as an essay and documentary description of a real journey, during which the author observes life, meets and talks to fellow travellers and locals, and collects folklore and ethnographic material. What he sees and hears is not only recorded and displayed but is subjected to analysis and critical consideration from the standpoint of priorities and value preferences of the author. On the one hand, Motley Lace fits in several early publications that testify to the keen interest of the young scholar in the national, historical, and ethnographic life of the Komi-Zyryans; on the other hand, it speaks of his involvement in the political life of his time and of his growing interest in the sociocultural problems. ; В статье анализируется произведение знаменитого русско-американского социолога, философа, исследователя культуры Питирима Сорокина, написанное в его молодые годы и опубликованное в газете «Вологодский листок» в 1911 г. «Пестрое кружево» представляет интерес как текст, показательный в нескольких отношениях — в частности, с точки зрения возможных причин выбора места публикации, влияния характера издания на художественные особенности травелога, а также реализации авторских ценностных представлений, отраженных в содержании текста. Изучение Вологды как места издания травелога показало многообразие культурной жизни губернского города, широту интересов читателей газеты «Вологодский листок», опубликовавшей дорожные заметки Сорокина. В статье высказывается предположение, что автор травелога создавал его с расчетом на массовую, но образованную аудиторию. Он стремился завоевать ее расположение и поэтому использовал соответствующие образные средства и стилистические ресурсы: эмоционально-оценочную лексику, непринужденную разговорность беседы, простые и внятные рассуждения от первого лица, обращение к житейскому опыту. Вместе с тем, прогрессивно мыслящий, честный интеллигент, каковым предстает нарратор «Пестрого кружева», использовал газету как трибуну для просветительских, пропагандистских целей. Будучи социал-революционером по своим политическим убеждениям, Сорокин обличает социальную несправедливость, вскрывает недостатки окружающей действительности, высказывает сочувствие обездоленным людям. Он любуется природой, восторгается народными талантами. Произведение строится как очерково-документальное описание реального путешествия, в ходе которого автор наблюдает жизнь, встречается и разговаривает с попутчиками и местными жителями, собирает фольклор и этнографический материал. Увиденное и услышанное не только фиксируется и отображается, но подвергается аналитике и критическому рассмотрению с позиции приоритетов и ценностных предпочтений автора. «Пестрое кружево», с одной стороны, вписывается в ряд ранних публикаций, свидетельствующих об увлечении молодого ученого национально-исторической, этнографической жизнью коми-зырян, с другой — говорит о его включенности в политическую жизнь современности, растущем интересе к социокультурной проблематике.

The review presents the long-awaited book, based on years of thinking by authors about the fate of the national humanities. The dictionary has already become a fact of literary and cultural life, and its protagonists are not only the people described in it, but also the authors of essays and the editorial board, constantly discovering threads of continuity with St. Petersburg classicists. 43 authors of various philological specializations participated in the building of this, without any exaggeration, epochmaking work, which includes articles devoted to 250 St. Petersburg classicists in the 19th - early 20thcentury (scholars, tutors, translators, managers). To recreate the true image of the personage, the authors attracted a wide range of sources, namely, research papers, memoirs, correspondence and still unpublished archival materials. Collected together (although with varying degrees of detail depending on the number of extant sources), these portraits give us a comprehensive picture of the development of St. Petersburg classicism in its heyday and at the same time allow us to assess the state of intellectual forces and spiritual life of Russian society as a whole. The dictionary is convenient to use, because it is equipped with various indexes that make up a separate volume, which ends with a review essay written by the responsible editor and inspirer of the publication A.K. Gavrilov, where, among other things, the principle of material selection is analyzed in detail. The book is convenient and indispensable for work and at the same time is a fascinating reading.

This work is devoted to the analysis of the book by A.V. Malinov "Research and Articles on Russian Philosophy". The main subject-content and thematic-subject lines of the book are revealed: philosophy of Slavophiles; historical, cultural and philosophical contexts of V.S. Solovyov and V.V. Rozanov; professional philosophy in Russia. Points to the variety of genres published in a collection of articles and materials of historical and philosophical articles, teaching materials (lectures and paragraphs from the textbooks), archival materials, methodological reflections. The author considers the interpretations of A.S. Khomyakov, the Slavophil ideas of O.F. Miller, the evolution of ideas about the common Slavic language, the attitude of V.S. Solovyov with N.I. Kareyev and St. Petersburg Slavophiles (including the polemic of V.S. Soloviev with the Slavophiles in the last work of the Russian philosopher – "Three Conversations"), V.V. Rozanov with the Slavophiles and V.I. Lamansky, features of V.V. Rozanov, the philosophical heritage of A.I. Vvedensky and the controversy caused by him, the place of L.P. Karsavin in the tradition of teaching the philosophy of history at St. Petersburg University, the specifics and historical path traversed by university philosophy in Russia, the modernization of the methods of modern historical and philosophical research, etc. The author notes the author's appeal to little-studied representatives of Russian philosophy, original interpretations of biographical and historical-philosophical plots, the use of the expressive possibilities of the Russian language, enriching the interpretive possibilities of the historiography of Russian philosophy. The conclusion is made about the preservation of the "Russian canon" in the research of Russian philosophy, about its heuristic possibilities. The author's intention is explained and the value of research of this kind, serving the purpose of reinterpreting the ideas of Russian philosophy, solving the problem of preserving the values and meanings of Russian culture in the modern historical and cultural context, is indicated.

The history of the Siberian exile was and remains a complex topical problem that requires comprehensive study. Modern difficult interstate relations give particular relevance to the appeal to the existing historical experience of living together in conditions of exile of representatives of various nationalities. Article is devoted to the consideration of the stay in Western Siberia of Catholic priests expelled from the Mogilev, Minsk, Vitebsk, Grodno provinces after the suppression of the January uprising (1863-1864). On the basis of available archival sources, the work reflects the issues of numbers, places of accommodation, material situation, the activities of exiled Catholic priests, supplemented the biographical information. When possible, some exiled Catholic priests carried out religious services, engaged in education. Thanks to their selfless activities, moral support took place, the unification of the exiles in the conditions of Siberia. The exiled priests, acting as speakers of national culture and language, influenced the spiritual development of the local population, contributing to the enrichment and diversity of its life. In the process of communication in Siberian conditions, the formation of interethnic relations and contacts between the Slavonic peoples took place. ; История сибирской ссылки была и остается сложной актуальной проблемой, требующей всестороннего комплексного изучения. Современные непростые межгосударственные отношения придают особую актуальность обращению к имеющемуся историческому опыту совместного проживания в условиях ссылки представителей различных национальностей. Статья посвящена рассмотрению пребывания в Западной Сибири католических священников, высланных из Могилевской, Минской, Витебской, Гродненской губерний после подавления Январского восстания (1863-1864 гг.). На основе имеющихся архивных источников в работе отражены вопросы численности, мест размещения, материального положения, деятельности ссыльных католических священников, дополнены биографические сведения. По мере ...

The fates of the last Emperors of Russia and Germany are forever linked by the First World War and the revolutions. History knows the circumstances of their abdication; however, their motives still remain a matter of debate. The present research featured a comparative analysis of various points of view on the roles Nicholas II and Wilhelm II played in the revolutions and the political decisions they made. The biographical research clarified the general characteristics of the revolutionary processes that occurred during their reign and how both revolutions affected the institution of monarchy. The authors analyzed the contemporary historiographical discussions of the monarchy and the revolutions caused in both countries by the consequences of the First World War. The article also focuses on the role of social, class, and political groups in both revolutions, as well as on the attempts of monarchists to save the emperors. Tsar Nicholas II and Kaiser Wilhelm II lived in a very similar political context: complicated family ties, rapid economic development, the Great War, etc. Their abdications occurred in similar circumstances and had similar motives and socio-political consequences. However, their further destinies were very different. ; Судьбы последних императоров России и Германии навсегда связаны Первой мировой войной и революцией. Исторические обстоятельства отречения известны, однако мотивы до сих пор являются предметом оживленных исторических дискуссий. В статье анализируются точки зрения историков о роли и личных качествах монархов – Николая II и Вильгельма II – в революционных событиях обеих стран. Рассматриваются дискуссии в современной историографии, которые посвящены монархии и революции, вызванной в обеих странах последствиями Первой мировой войны. Актуализируется вопрос об участии общественных, сословных и политических групп в революционной трагедии монархии, действия по спасению императоров, организованные монархистами как внутри самих стран, так и за их пределами. Отмечены общий контекст политических судеб царя Николая II и кайзера Вильгельма II (родственные узы, бурное экономическое развитие стран, принятие решения об участии в войне), сходство мотивов, обстоятельств и общественно-политических последствий отречения монархов, которое резко контрастируют с их дальнейшими судьбами.

Vologda Province, the region of the Russian Empire (1796–1917), was used in the XIX – early XX century by the tsarist government as a place of political exile. A certain number of participants in the revolutionary movement in the Kingdom of Poland in the 19th century was exiled to the province. The Russian historiography of the Polish exile mainly refers to the Siberian regions, where exiles were much larger. There are interesting and detailed studies of Polish exiles in the neighboring Arkhangelsk, Vyatka and Novgorod provinces. Several publications of local researchers (Bonfeld, Golikova, etc.) about the exiled Poles in Vologda from the Kingdom of Poland have been made: about high-ranking commanders of the November uprising, about exiles after Konarsky case and more than 80 participants of the January uprising. On the basis of archival data, episodes of everyday life, biographical data, generalizations are studied. The topic remains relevant for research in the following areas: detailed analysis of biographies, publication of archival sources, study of personal sources: memories of exiles and local residents ; Gubernia wołogodzka, region Imperium Rosyjskiego (w latach 1796–1917), był wykorzystywany przez rząd carski w XIX – początkach XX wieku, jako miejsce zsyłek politycznych. Pewna liczba uczestników ruchu rewolucyjnego w Królestwie Polskim w XIX wieku została zesłana na tę prowincję. Rosyjska historiografia polskich zesłańców odnosi się głównie do regionów syberyjskich, gdzie wygnańców było znacznie więcej. Istnieją interesujące i szczegółowe opracowania dotyczące polskich zesłańców w sąsiednich guberniach archangielska, wiatska i nowogrodzka. O zesłanych do Wołogdy uczestnikach powstań w Królestwie Polskim powstało kilku wydawnictw lokalnych naukowców (Бонфельд, Голикова и др.): o wysokiej rangi dowódcach wojskowych powstania listopadowego, o zesłańcach konspiracji Konarskiego i o ponad 80 uczestnikach powstania styczniowego. Na podstawie danych archiwalnych badane są epizody z życia codziennego, dane biograficzne, uogólnienia. Tematami istotnymi badawczo pozostają następujące obszary: szczegółowa analiza biografii, publikacja źródeł archiwalnych, badanie źródeł osobowych: wspomnienia zesłańców i mieszkańców.

The article examines the attitude to radical means of political struggle, in particular, to terror, Russian party of the early twentieth century, referring to the populist direction of socialism — the socialist–revolutionaries (SRS) and people's socialists (Anosov). The similarities and differences of views of the most prominent representatives of these parties on the need to use extreme methods of struggle, as well as the evolution of their attitude to terror due to changes in the political situation in Russia are shown. Main research methods: analysis, synthesis, biographical method, analogy, comparison.

The article analyzes the attitude of Russian neo-populist parties — socialists-revolutionaries and people's socialists — to the problem of rights and freedoms of the individual, which they considered a full subject of social interactions and the basis for building a socialist society. It is shown how much the leaders of these parties devoted to the principles of democracy, humanism and good in their program and tactical settings, and how they combined the passion of public struggle and strict moral imperatives in their political practice. Main research methods: analysis, synthesis, biographical method, analogy, comparison.

The article deals with the causes, course and consequences of the split in 1917, Russia's largest political party — the Socialist-Revolutionaries. We give the political assessment of this event, representatives of the national data of democratic socialism — Right Socialist–Revolutionaries, Mensheviks, People's Socialists. With a different attitude towards the SRP, they all agreed that the split of the Socialist–Revolutionary Party not only caused irreparable damage to itself but led to extremely negative consequences for the entire development of democracy in revolutionary Russia. Basic research methods: analysis, synthesis, biographical method, analogy, comparison.

In the article there are described preliminary conclusions based on the project "In Memory of Lesya Kyzyk Research Project in Oral History: Ukrainian Women in the Military Conflict in Eastern Ukraine (2014–2016)". The emphasis is on women's participation in the war in eastern Ukraine. The project was implemented as part of the study of women's oral history. ; W artykule omówiono wstępne wnioski z projektu badawczego "In Memory of Lesya Kyzyk Research Project in Oral History: Ukrainian Women in the Military Conflict in Eastern Ukraine (2014–2016)". Uwaga koncentruje się na uczestnictwie kobiet w wojnie na wschodzie Ukrainy. Projekt został zrealizowany w ramach studiów historii mówionej kobiet. ; В статье рассмотрены предварительные выводы на основе проекта «In Memory of Lesya Kyzyk Research Project in Oral History: Ukrainian Women in the Military Conflict in Eastern Ukraine (2014–2016)». Внимание акцентировано на женском участии в войне на Востоке Украины. Проект был осуществлен в рамках женских устноисторических студий.