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Abstract
A central problem of life course analysis concerns the changes brought about by the pluralization and differentiation of biographies in western societies. Lives would be increasingly dissimilar from each other and marked by a broader range of transitions and stages. Under the lens of life course theorization, the heterogenization of biographies is typically understood as destandardization. However, if the destandardization hypothesis gained momentum, there is still little information about its explanatory power outside the wealthiest centres of Europe and North America. Following recent trends in research, the article critically examines the applicability of the destandardization hypothesis to the Portuguese case. Through an analysis of the lives of three generations of Portuguese men and women, we reconstruct the life trajectories of each generation starting from the 1930s until the early 2000s. Through the reconstitution of both family and work trajectories, we see if there is a standard biography from which to derive subsequent patterns of heterogenization. From this perspective, we reassess the extent to which the destandardization model is suitable for explaining life course transformations in the Portuguese society.

AbstractThis article explores how the concept that we have chosen to callunvoicing practices, namely veiled discursive micro processes of social exclusion and silencing that social actors manage in byplay; in other words, subordinated forms of communication among a subset of unaddressed members of ratified listeners. These practices constitute efficient resources aimed at the (de)legitimization of linguisticmudeprocesses within new "spaces of multilingualism" associated with migration in Galicia. The research was carried out in the second-year class of a Curricular Diversification Programme at a secondary school in Arteixo (A Coruña, Galicia, Spain), a community that has experienced an increase in its allochthonous population in recent years. The corpus of this study comprises the pupils' linguistic biography, classroom interactions and a fieldwork log. The analysis shows the complex network of scales in which languages are legitimized or delegitimized – specifically, translinguistic practices of listeners' participation in which local varieties of Spanish and Galician, youth slang and parodic double of Moroccan Arabic are crossed and make themselves heard through byplay in order to silence the principal speaker. This interactional distribution results in the latent discursive reconstruction of new translocal spaces in which migration-associated multilingualism remains peripheral and practically invisible.

This project is situated in the area of sonic art and explores my personal biography in relation to sound, silence, censorship and social control. Using the artistic productions of John Cage, I examine silence as both an object—a recording in a fixed medium—and as a verb directly addressing the question of censorship of the self and of others. The interplay of silencing and silence is expressed in my artistic practice which employs, as audio palate, the silences between the words of significant political speeches from South Africa. As a consequence of this process I have excised all recognizable words in various aural and video works leaving only the 'Cagean' noise of the silence. I further examine related aspects of silence and silencing through the metaphor of the mute button—a mechanical silencing device—which serves both as a creative tool in a recording studio as well as a censorial device to prohibit voices being heard. The beating, hitting and silences are all set against a backdrop of (post) apartheid South Africa for the expression of some of my personal and theoretical realisations.

© 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. In this paper, we discuss the influence and reputation of Alan Turing since his death in 1954, specifically in the field of formal methods, especially for program proving, but also in a much wider context. Although he received some recognition during his lifetime, this image was tarnished by the controversy at the time of his death. While he was known and appreciated in scientific circles, he did not enter the public's consciousness for several decades. A turning point was the definitive biography produced by Andrew Hodges in 1983 but, even then, the tide did not turn very rapidly. More recent events, such as the celebrations of his birth centenary in 2012 and the official British royal pardon in 2013, have raised Turing's fame and popularity among the informed general public in the United Kingdom and elsewhere. Cultural works in the arts featuring Turing have enhanced his profile still further. Thus, the paper discusses not only Turing's scientific impact, especially for formal methods, but in addition his historical, cultural, and even political significance. Turing's academic 'family tree' in terms of heritage and legacy is also covered.

International audience ; This paper addresses the idea of geopolitics of hunger as proposed by a Brazilian geographer, Josué de Castro, whose originality and international impact in the fields of critical geography and development studies still merit fuller acknowledgment both within and beyond the discipline of geography. Drawing upon archival research on de Castro's correspondences and scholarly networks and on the editorial history of his key book Geopolitics of Hunger, first I argue that de Castro was a forerunner of the definition of geopolitics in a critical sense, and that this nonconformist attitude has been one of the primary reasons for his persistent scholarly neglect. Second, I argue that de Castro's anti-colonial geopolitics, based on subaltern agency, furnishes powerful arguments to present-day critics of 'food security', who challenge the revival of Malthusian concepts, Euro-centric views and neo-colonial recipes in development debates, a clear geopolitical matter for contemporary scholarly and political conversations. Finally, de Castro's international networking, and his biography as a political dissident and exile, provide some useful practical examples of performing geopolitical discourses outside institutional and statist frameworks.

Este artículo reconstruye la biografía del editor asturiano Juan de la Fuente Parres, a través de las páginas de periódicos mexicanos y españoles. Establece la importancia de La Prensa que De la Fuente animó de 1883 a 1884, como la publicación que otorgó un mayor reconocimiento a dicho empresario peninsular en el ambiente cultural mexicano. Además, puntualiza la competencia editorial que existió entre De la Fuente Parres con el catalán Santiago Ballescá, sin dejar de lado el estudio de las redes de asturianos en México con escritores y políticos mexicanos. ; This article reconstructs the biography of the Asturian editor Juan de la Fuente Parres, through the pages of Mexican and Spanish newspapers. Establishes the importance of La Prensa that De la Fuente animated from 1883 to 1884, as the publication that granted greater recognition to this peninsular entrepreneur in the Mexican cultural environment. He also points out the editorial competence that existed between De la Fuente Parres and the Catalan Santiago Ballescá, without neglecting the study of Asturian networks in Mexico with Mexican writers and politicians.

Laycox, Monty R. An Intertextual Study of the Livre du Cuer d'Amours Espris by Fifteenth-Century French Author René d'Anjou. By Beverly J. Evans.Unwin, Timothy, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Flaubert. By Peter J. Edwards.Asholt, Wofgang et Hans T. Siepe, ed., Surréalisme et politique – politique du surréalisme. Par Stephen Steele.Proust, Marcel. L'indifférent. L'indifferente. Par Daniela Teodorescu.Reguigui, Ali et Bouraoui, Hédi (dir.). Perspectives sur la littérature franco-ontarienne. Par Marie-Noëlle Rinne.Oberhuber, Andrea (dir.), Claude Cahun : contexte, posture, filiation. Pour une esthétique de l'entre-deux. Par Monika Boehringer.Somain, Jean-François. La visite de l'atelier. Par Vittorio Frigerio.Philoctète, René. Massacre River. By Jason Herbeck.Lawson-Hellu, Laté. Roman africain et idéologie. Tchicaya U Tam'Si et la réécriture de l'Histoire. Par Jean-Christophe L.A. Kasende.Benalil, Mounia et Janusz Przychodzen. Identités hybrides. Orient et orientalisme au Québec. Par Jean-François Somain.Sellier, Geneviève. Masculine Singular. French New Wave Cinema. Par Maurice Arpin.Weil, Patrick. Liberté, égalité, discriminations. « L'identité nationale » au regard de l'histoire. Par Edward Ousselin.Jefferson, Ann. Biography and the Question of Literature in France. By Edward Ousselin.Redfern, Walter. French Laughter: Literary Humour from Diderot to Tournier. By Edward Ousselin.

The material introduced here is a re-working of a chapter from my monograph, Dangerous Memory in Nagasaki: Prayers, Protests and Catholic Survivor Narratives, Routledge (2019), which discusses the symbolism around water and a 'cry for water' in the aftermath of the atomic bombing. Dangerous Memory in Nagasaki is a collective biography of twelve survivors of the Nagasaki atomic bombing, including nine Catholic survivors in which I employ a 'political theology' as framework to interpret the survivor narratives, showing that their memory upholds the historiography of Nagasaki as distinctive from Hiroshima. Survivor testimony subtly subverts the notion that the atomic bombings made Japan a victim, as Catholics were already victims of prejudice and persecutions carried out by the magistrate on behalf of the Tokugawa and Meiji authorities. Their memory is also dangerous to dominant Catholic narratives which argue that the atomic bomb could be understood as providential, and I argue in the book that survivors are angry, dispelling a common perception that Nagasaki Catholics show passivity, exhibiting no sense of resistance, and therefore lack agency.

The Alternative School Day (ASD) is a project for adolescents who have difficulties in several arenas. The pupils attended ASD one day per week, and the content in the program is more practical adjusted. Inclusion as a principle are formulated in the educational legislation in many countries throughout the world; however, different special initiatives may have shown positive effects on adolescence in risk zones. Some theorists have emphasized that the normal school is based on middle class values, and for pupils with other class backgrounds, the school, represent "represent an away ground". Further, we have debated whether reflexive modernization is an important topic also in the general knowledge within the society nowadays, with globalization, extended consumption and several risks associated with the modern society. And we are questioning whether the students could experience the immersive turning points and fateful moment in the biography, where they actually started to look upon themselves as clever and competences pupils, while attending in the ASD.The positive attention and expectation from the teachers, as well as the tasks were more practical oriented, represented the core factors in the positive outcome measures found through this study.

This paper deals with the question as to whether the well-reported Dutch volunteer warrior Jeanne Merkus was indeed the sole female fighter at the time of the anti-Ottoman rebellions and the wars in the Balkan Peninsula from 1875 to 1878, when the Great Eastern Crisis raged. While this rich outlandish lady - who has only recently earned her official biography - attracted much attention from the contemporary press, and later often surfaced in memoirs of sorts as well, her few female colleagues, mainly home-grown and of modest background, went mostly unnoticed by the general public. This first attempt at settling the score of undeserved neglect sets out to establish the individual stories from the hard-to-find pieces of information in old newspapers and non-fiction literature. The existence of five other cases of actual fighting females could be proved, yet four of them were, unlike Miss Merkus, in male disguise. Moreover, a larger number of females trying to engage militarily on the battlefield have been discovered, some passing as males, some not.

This discussion examines the textuality relationship between the historical facts of biography and the narrative structure of films that present figures who during the New Order (Orde Baru) regime were alienated from Indonesian historiography. Through a study of the films Gie, Soegija, Sang Kiai, Soekarno, and Jenderal Soedirman, they can deconstruct the meaning of historical films produced by the New Order regime which are dominated by Soeharto's image. The emergence of biopic films that narrate the characters with identity plurality is a deconstructive tipical and reflects the antithesis of filmmakers on film products in the era of the Soeharto regime. Whereas in the New Order era, films with epic historical genre, identical to the hegemony of the military struggle which are reduced by civil society narratives, such as moslem teacher (kiai) and moslem student (santri) and other minority groups, which in the context of historical facts also contributed greatly to the era of nation formation through representation of ethnic nationalism and civic nationalism. The Indonesiandiscourse which is reflected in the hidden meanings of biopic films studied represents a plurality of ideologies and identity political formation in popular culture products.

The present document exposes the classroom project "Performed ethics - arracachas al poder", which arose in 2010 with the teacher's autoethnography, in the School José Francisco Socarras de Bosa. Integrating coherently the teacher's biography with the dynamics of the ethics, philosophy and political science classes, proposing an innovative methodology that integrates them with arts, especially the scenic and / or audiovisual ones. Since 2015 until now at days, the experience has been enriched with the creation of a performative research center called Arracachas al Poder. ; En el presente escrito se expone el proyecto de aula "ética performada – arracachas al poder", el cual surge en el 2010 con la autoetnografía del docente, en el colegio José Francisco Socarras de Bosa, integrando coherentemente la biografía del maestro con las dinámicas de las clases de ética, filosofía y ciencias políticas, proponiendo una metodología innovadora que las integra con las artes, especialmente las escénicas y/o audiovisuales. En la actualidad, desde 2015, se ha enriquecido la experiencia con la conformación de un semillero performativo de investigación denominado Arracachas al Poder.

The authors of the article drawn on a wide range of historical materials examine the course of life and the teaching as well as research activities of the fi rst historian of nuclear, biological and chemical defence corps of Russia, Major General, Professor Aleksandr de Lazari, who signifi cantly contributed to the development of the country's polemology and the higher military education system of Soviet Russia in the 1930s and fell victim to the Stalinist repressions. The authors study his biography, and they come to the conclusion that it has some similarities with Russian offi cers, intellectuals, scientists and teachers at a turn of the history of Russia. However, Aleksandr de Lazari fully shared the tragic fate of the nobility, and perhaps of his generation, and his country on the whole. It is concluded in the article that his numerous military-historical and other scientifi c works have been topical and remain so for the modern era.
Keywords: military history, military academy, General Staff, chemical weapons, World War I, offi cer, scientifi c works.

The article is devoted to literary critic Il'ya Gruzdev. Published in 1925, an essay on the biography of Maxim Gorky, firmly linked the two names. Since that time, the author had firmly established a creative characteristic: the biographer of Maxim Gorky. The article considers other facets of literary and literary talent of Il'ya Gruzdev. The origin of the textology of Maxim Gorky's works of art is connected with his name. He was the compiler and editor of two editions of the works of the proletarian literature founder in the "State publishing house of fiction" in 1928-1930 and 1931-1934. For the researchers of Maxim Gorky's work, as a huge factual material, there is a correspondence between Maxim Gorky and Il'ya Gruzdev, which lasted from 1925 to 1936 (it was published in 1961). The article touches upon the issues of Il'ya Gruzdev's creative work after Maxim Gorky's death (1936). In the period from 1939 to 1941, he was the editor of Leningrad magazine "Zvezda" (Star). Attention is drawn to the bibliographic work of Il'ya Gruzdev, who was the author of a number of bibliographic books devoted to Maxim Gorky.

The article describes the history of two Pavel Annenkov's publications in the magazine "Vestnik Evropy" (Herald of Europe) ("The Extraordinary Decade", "The Idealists of the 1830s"), according to his letters to the editor; defi nes more precisely the facts of the preparation of the memoirs "Gogol in Rome at the Summer of the Year 1841" for the fi rst book "Memoirs and Critical Essays" in Mikhail Stasyulevich's publishing house. Special attention is paid to the new details of the creative history of the memoirs "The Extraordinary Decade" by Pavel Annenkov's letters to Mikhail Stasyulevich. The article tells about Vissarion Belinsky's role in the memoir's structure and about the features of the narration, originated from oral materials, and the difference between this book and Alexander Pypin's biography of Vissarion Belinsky. The analysis of Pavel Annenkov's article "The Idealists of the 1830s" brightened up the meaning of the mystical romantic ideals of young Alexander Herzen in his future. The comparison of two texts about Alexander Herzen during the years of emigration lets understanding the difference between a memoir and an essay.