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Public management and policy scholars have empirically demonstrated that in complex policy arenas, governments depend on the collaboration of policy actors outside their direct control to produce needed goods and services. Government‐sponsored shared‐cost programs are one of the premier mechanisms to foster such cooperation, yet little is known about the inner patterns of participation in such programs and whether they are conditional on specific resource needs that partners may have. In this article, I study the participation of organizations in projects seeking funds from the Cooperative Funding Initiative, a program sponsored by theSouthwestFloridaWaterManagementDistrict that finances projects dealing with the management of water resources. Through the estimation of a series ofExponentialRandomGraphModels in the networks that form when organizations participate in projects (two‐mode networks), I show that centralization around popular organizations results in greater bridging network capital, which facilitates the flow of nonoverlapping information from project to project. I analyze the implications of these findings and discuss how the formation of these bridging structures may enhance the capacity of the program to find innovative solutions to the problems the projects are designed to deal with.

Proclaims that in recent years there has been considerable research examining the benefits of social connectedness for a variety of outcomes, such as health and general well being. Argues, while bonding capital is beneficial to the self‐interest of the individual or small group, bridging capital is what is necessary to build a collective identity as a nation. Concludes that because people have varying access, with regard to formal organizations, their ability to use social capital for their benefit, and the benefit of their communities, may be of short‐term duration.

Social capital is acknowledged as an important factor in local economies. However, depending on their specific characteristics, social capital resources may have both positive and negative effects on socioeconomic development: The outcomes are related to whether the local contexts are endowed with bonding or bridging social capital. This article investigates the impact of the bonding social capital present in a local production system in the Polish region of Łodž. The findings reveal that although the "rise and demise" of this local economy cannot be ascribed only to the quality of social capital, bonding social capital brought positive results in the form of rapid economic growth of the local companies and neutralizing the effects of the post-1989 crisis. It has subsequently hampered cooperative behavior, impeded learning and unlearning, and finally contributed to the incapacity of the local production system to adapt to new market economy conditions. Bonding social capital resources originating from the communist period have been further reproduced through local economic governance mechanisms, heavily influenced by the shadow economy.

Abstract: Social capital has recently become a guiding theoretical framework for family interventions in low‐income neighborhoods. In the context of the Annie E. Casey Foundation's Making Connections initiative, this research uses hierarchical linear modeling to examine how neighborhood characteristics and resident participation affect bonding social capital in low‐income neighborhoods. Findings demonstrate that participation, homeownership, and neighborhood stability are associated with bonding social capital. Additionally, significant interactions exist between individual characteristics and neighborhood income on bonding social capital.

Purpose
Drawing on Putnam's concept of social capital, this study aims to examine the oral life histories of women on management boards. It explores how the bridging and bonding forms of social capital are created and used to advance women's careers to reach top management positions on corporate boards.


Design/methodology/approach
This study is both explorative and interpretive. A total of 30 semi-structured interviews were conducted with female board members of Polish companies to gain access to their life histories.


Findings
Women develop social capital to advance their careers. However, they mainly focus on bonding capital, which allows them to sustain relationships within their inner circle. Bridging capital, which extends relationships to advance women's careers, is often overlooked if not neglected. It seems it is usually an external shock when women understand the importance of bridging capital.


Practical implications
This study provides a better insight into how bridging and bonding capital help and/or distract women from reaching top managerial positions. It has potential policy-making implications for promoting women to leadership positions. The study results can guide organizations in providing equal opportunities for employees.


Originality/value
This study builds on previous research regarding the accumulation of human and social capital by board members. It encourages academics and practitioners to critically consider the relationship between bonding and bridging capital and the promotion of women to top management positions. This study provides access to a field of Central and Eastern European countries.

"Social Capital" published on by Oxford University Press.

"In vielen empirischen Arbeiten werden die günstigen Auswirkungen des
Sozialkapitals im Allgemeinen unterstrichen. Neueste Veröffentlichungen sind
indes dazu übergegangen, ausdrücklich die Bedeutung der Unterscheidung
zwischen verschiedenen Arten von Sozialkapital hervorzuheben. Ganz besonders
unterscheidet man zwischen homogenen (oder bonding) und heterogenen
(oder bridging) Netzwerken, wobei argumentiert wird, dass letztere mit größerer
Wahrscheinlichkeit positive externe Effekte erzeugen als die ersten. Die
empirische Operationalisierung dieser theoretischen Unterscheidung ist jedoch
bisher eher unterentwickelt. In diesem Papier wird ein erster Schritt zur Lösung
dieser Frage getan, indem die Diversität von (freiwilligen) Verbandsmitgliedschaften
im Hinblick auf einige sozio-ökonomische Charakteristika untersucht
wird. Die vorgeschlagene Methodologie wird auf Daten einer flämischen
Erhebung zu freiwilligen Vereinsmitgliedschaften angewendet. Diese Analyse
zeigt, dass Freizeitclubs und humanitäre Verbände wie z.B. das Rote Kreuz zu
den heterogeneren (bridging) Vereinigungen, während Frauengruppen und
Seniorenclubs zu den homogeneren (bonding) gehören." (Autorenreferat)

AbstractThis study examines sexual minorities' participation in civic engagement using the theory of social capital. The analysis of the data from a US national survey shows that sexual minorities' bonding capital within the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community is positively associated with their civic engagement on LGBT issues, while it is negatively associated with their participation in activities addressing other social issues. Sexual minorities' bridging social capital as generalized trust is positively associated with their civic engagement for non‐LGBT issues, but it has no statistically significant relationship with their civic engagement on LGBT issues. Overall, the findings reveal that sexual minorities' civic engagement beyond LGBT activism is closely related to their generalized trust and reciprocity in society. These findings suggest that an organizational culture of non‐discrimination and equity will help create more diverse and inclusive philanthropy.

A lack or low level of social capital is associated with negative outcomes for communities impacted by poverty. However, less is known about how different types of social capital operate on the ground in poverty–impacted urban neighborhoods. This article explores the ways in which bonding, bridging, and linking capital manifest among residents of two poverty–impacted neighborhoods in New York City. Findings of the study reveal that urban neighborhood characteristics, more than individual–level factors, compromise the ability to develop and utilize the leveraging role of bridging and linking capital. Lack of safety resulted in limited trust, and involvement in community life limit bonding capital. Opportunities for bridging are restricted by the socioeconomically homogenous and spatially segregated nature of the communities. Linking capital is undermined by the lack of resources in the neighborhoods. These structural barriers prevent communities from breaking the cycle of poverty and should be explicitly targeted when developing interventions focused on building social capital.