Suchergebnisse

This paper presents a systematic but essentially descriptive account of the policy measure of stimulating human research capacity development under the policy program "Commitment to Science" in Portugal in the period 2006-2009. It explores the conditions that contributed to the development of the policy program and the measure to contract 1000 doctorates to Portuguese public and private research and development (R&D) units, and addresses the outcomes of the program within the overall science and technology policy development in Portugal. The results underline the importance of strategic policy planning and stable funding allocation for the success of policy initiatives. Further, the results indicate that the policy initiative was successful inasmuch as the Portuguese scientific community significantly increased, and also internationalised; however subsequent economic and political austerity hampered the absorption of young researchers into the public and private systems. The previous situation has been reversed since 2011 with a significant and perceivable decline in public investment in research, a decline of budgetary allocations to universities, and the migration of young researchers abroad. The analysis urges the revision of science and technology policy in Portugal and funding mechanisms available to R&D in consideration of the country's socioeconomic situation, and with respect to other segments of the economic ecosystem.

Seit Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts hat die Diskussion über den Zusammenhang von Migration und Entwicklung eine neue Richtung bekommen. Wurde die Emigration von Hochqualifizierten aus Entwicklungsländern bislang zumeist als ein abgeschlossener Prozess gesehen, der für die Abgabeländer in einem Humankapitalverlust (brain drain) und für die Aufnahmeländer (meistenteils Industrieländer) in einem Humankapitalgewinn (brain gain) resultiert, so wird Elitenmigration heute mehr und mehr als ein zirkulärer Prozess der Hin- und Her- bzw. Weiterwanderung angesehen (brain circulation), von dem nicht nur Industrieländer, sondern potentiell auch Entwicklungsländer profitieren können. Alle hier veröffentlichten Arbeiten des Politikwissenschaftsseminars "Brain Drain und Brain Gain. Migration und Entwicklung" unter Leitung von Prof. Thränhardt und Dr. Uwe Hunger aus dem Sommersemester 2005 stellen originäre und eigenständige Forschungsarbeiten dar und tragen durch ihre sorgfältige Recherche dazu bei, weitere neue, wichtige Erkenntnisse für diese immer noch junge Forschungsrichtung zusammenzutragen. Die eigenständigen Arbeiten der Studierenden behandeln ein Thema, das sich in der Forschung gerade durchzusetzen beginnt und Lösungsansätze für die Probleme einer globalisierten und zusammenwachsenden Welt öffnet.

The aim of this paper was to shift the focus from a negative prejudice about immigration towards a much more positive evaluation. More and more the migration pattern changes from a blue-collar migration of low qualified workers towards a whitecollar mobility of highly skilled professionals. It has to be stressed strongly that - strikingly enough - most migrants are relatively well qualified. Just to mention a new IMF study (Carrington/Detragiache 1999:47), the US data show that immigration flows of individuals with no more than a primary education are quite small, and reach only about 500?000 individuals out of a total of 7 million immigrants! "For most countries, people with a tertiary education have the highest migration rate . Thus, migrant to the Unites States tend to be better educated than the average person in their home (that is the sending) country, and the proportion of very highly educated people who migrate is particularly high" (Carrington/Detragiache 1999:48). So, these data clearly indicate that there is a substantial brain drain. Another question of quite similar importance is, why the US only should get a brain gain. Why not the EU? The immigration of highly skilled is crucial and decisive for growth and wealth of nations in the 21st century. Once again this is clearly seen and strategically developed in the US. The USA attracts highly skilled people from all over the world because of a number of natural as well as artificial benefits ("sun, sea, and sand", close relations between industry and universities etc.) and, therefore, experiences a "Brain Gain" that stimulates growth. In the case of Europe, mobility is mainly intra-European, representing a "Brain Exchange". This is being fuelled by the Europeanisation of production and the creation of an internal labour market. However, the EU lacks the magnetic power to attract high skilled foreign scientists and to become leading centres of research intensive (service) production. For Eastern Europe there is a fear of a "Brain Drain" that will not be directed towards the EU but rather towards the US.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Friday, April 26, 2002 -- Near the Close of 1981 -- The Months Leading Up to the Accident -- 10 Years Before -- Back to the Present in 1982 -- 1983 -- 1985 -- Pre-Brain Damage -- Post Brain Damage -- Back to the Present in 1985 -- 1986 -- Values -- September 1987 -- Forced to Go to Court -- 9 Months from the Close of Trial to Judgment -- Dr. Fisher -- From a Pulpit in October 1989 -- Trying to Serve Post-Judgment -- November 20th 2003 -- 2006 -- 2007 to 2015.

Industrieforschung, Auslandsaufenthalte, Habilitationszwang: Alternativen und Hindernisse halten junge Wissenschaftler von einer akademischen Laufbahn ab. Die DFG versucht mit ihrem "Aktionsplan Informatik" diesem Trend entgegenzuwirken. Ein Erfahrungsbericht. ; Peer Reviewed