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This book provides an overall picture of East Asian international politics during the early interwar period and examines the various foreign policy trends of the major powers involved, including Japan, China, Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union. Based on extensive original research, it posits that East Asia experienced four waves of international change during the interwar period: the transition to the post-World War I international order; the appearance of Nationalist China and the Soviet Union as actors in East Asian international politics; the Japanese invasion of Manchuria; and Japanese implementation of the North China Buffer State Strategy. It considers the new challenges brought about by each of these waves, how the powers – particularly Japan, Britain, and the United States – were able to meet these challenges by working together, and how this became more difficult as time went on. It argues that the Washington System – the international order established at the 1921–1922 Washington Naval Conference – was not a break with the past, as is frequently argued, on account of new forms of foreign policy, including the ideological approaches of the United States and the Soviet Union, but that rather spheres of influence diplomacy continued as before. In addition, in discussing Japanese foreign policy, the book provides a comprehensive picture of the diversity of views towards China among Japanese actors and the ways these shifted over time.

The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.

"How safe is Turkey's liberal democracy? The rise to power in 2002 of the right-leaning Islamic Justice and Development Party ignited fears in the West that Turkey could no longer be relied upon to provide a buffer against the growth of Islamic fundamentalism in the Middle East. Once hailed by the West as a model of secularism and moderation in the Muslim world, Turkey is now seen to be under the influence of the 'creeping Islamisation' of the JDP (or AKP as it is known in Turkey). Yet to what extent has this affected the lives of Turkish citizens? Evangelia Axiarlis here explores the contribution of the JDP to civil liberties and basic freedoms, long suppressed by secular and statist Kemalist ideology, and how this has remained unexamined despite more than a decade in government. In this--the first detailed study of the policies and ideology of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdo?an's government--the author examines the extent to which the JDP has worked to improve civil life in Turkey and critically addresses whether a government built on Islamic principles can champion political reform. Exploring how Islam and democracy are neither monoliths nor mutually exclusive, this is a timely contribution to the wider understanding of political Islam."--Publisher's website

"An exciting and humorous take on twenty pivotal moments of history and what would have happened if things had gone differently-from World War I (What if Kaiser Wilhelm had stopped the war?) to Alexander the Great (What if the world's greatest conqueror had a male heir?) to the European colonization of North America (What if the Vikings had stayed?). Readers will not only learn what really happened and why, but also how tiny differences could have set off totally different series of events. It's history expertly and entertainingly explained. An outrageous, yet enriching exploration of real and alternative history told with author Hal Johnson's winning wit and wisdom. Perfect for history buffs and the casually curious alike"--

The Trillion Dollar Silencer investigates the astounding lack of popular protest at the death and destruction that the military industrial complex is inflicting on people, nations, and the environment, and its budget-draining costs. Where is the antiwar protest by progressives, libertarians, environmentalists, civil rights advocates, academics, clergy, community volunteers, artists, et al? This book will focus on how military largesse infests such public sectors' interests. Contractors and bases serve as the economic hubs of their regions. State and local governments are intertwined with the DoD; some states have Military Departments. National Guard annual subsidies are large. Joint projects include aid to state environmental departments for restoration, and government-environmental organization teams to create buffer zones for bombing ranges. Economic development commissions aim to attract military industries and keep the existing bases and corporations. Veterans Administration hospitals are boons to their communities. Universities, colleges, and faculty get contracts and grants from the DoD and its agencies, such as the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The Minerva Initiative. Reserve Officers' Training Corps programs are subsidized by the DoD. Civilian jobs in the DoD provide opportunities for scientists, engineers, policy analysts, and others. Every kind of business and nonprofit, including environmental and charitable organizations like The Nature Conservancy and Goodwill Industries feeds at the DoD trough via contracts and grants. Individuals, arts institutions, charities, churches, and universities succumb to the profitability of military-related investments. Pension funds of public and private employees are replete with military stocks. Philanthropy is another silencer. The DoD itself donates equipment to organizations, especially those of youth, and lends equipped battalions to Hollywood. The weapons firms give generously to the arts and charities, heavily to youth and minorities. They also initiate joint programs such as providing tutors and mentors for robotics teams in public schools. Our militarized economy is destructive and wasteful. How can we replace the multitude of dependencies on military funding and restore the boundary between it and civil society? Surely a first step is to see how military spending results in the complicity of civil society in its pernicious outcomes. That is what this book tries to reveal.

Greek-Turkish relations and conflict : a bird's eye view / Alexis Heraclides -- Turkish-Greek relations : from conflict to cooperation? / Gizem Alioglu Çakmak -- Back to the future : institutionalist international relations theories and Greek-Turkish relations / Bahar Rumelili -- The Greek-Turkish antagonism : the social construction of self and other / Alexis Heraclides -- Greek-Turkish differences and similarities : national stereotypes and their implications / Hercules Millas -- The unresolved Aegean dispute : problems and prospects / Alexis Heraclides -- Greek and Turkish reciprocal minorities : a silenced dispute at the border zone of democracy / Meriç Özgünes and Konstantinos Tsitselikis -- The Ecumenical Patriarchate under Patriarch Bartholomeos and Greek-Turkish relations / Elçin Macar -- The Cyprus stalemate : opportunities for peace and lessons from Turkish-Bulgarian ethnic relations / Neophytos Loizides and Muzaffer Kutlay -- The European Union and the Turkish-Greek rapprochement in 2000s : from Europeanization to de-Europeanization? / Gizem Alioglu Çakmak - Accessing the rapprochement in its second decade : official discourse and bilateral agreements between Turkey and Greece : a critical approach / Selin Türkes-Kiliç -- Greek-Turkish economic relations in a changing regional and international context / Dimitris Tsarouhas -- Greece's portrayal by the Turkish print media : a comparative study on conjunctural images / Tugcan Durmuslar and Ali Sevket Ovali -- Turkey and the Greek media : the need for a shift from "confrontational-war" to "peace" oriented journalism / Christos A. Frangonikolopoulos -- From pioneers of peace to facilitators of co-operation? : civil society in Turkish-Greek relations / Leonidas Karakatsanis -- Turkey's entangled (energy) security concerns and the Cyprus question in the Eastern Mediterranean / Emre Iseri -- Buffer states : Greek-Turkish framing of the EU externalization policy of refugee management / Dimitris Christopoulos and Georgia Spyropoulou -- A conclusion : dentities as psychological barriers to cooperation / Gizem Alioglu Çakmak.

"When Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address in 1863, he had broader aims than simply rallying a war-weary nation. Lincoln realized that the Civil War had taken on a wider significance-that all of Europe and Latin America was watching to see whether the United States, a beleaguered model of democracy, would indeed 'perish from the earth.' In The Cause of All Nations, distinguished historian Don H. Doyle explains that the Civil War was viewed abroad as part of a much larger struggle for democracy that spanned the Atlantic Ocean, and had begun with the American and French Revolutions. While battles raged at Bull Run, Antietam, and Gettysburg, a parallel contest took place abroad, both in the marbled courts of power and in the public square. Foreign observers held widely divergent views on the war-from radicals such as Karl Marx and Giuseppe Garibaldi who called on the North to fight for liberty and equality, to aristocratic monarchists, who hoped that the collapse of the Union would strike a death blow against democratic movements on both sides of the Atlantic. Nowhere were these monarchist dreams more ominous than in Mexico, where Napoleon III sought to implement his Grand Design for a Latin Catholic empire that would thwart the spread of Anglo-Saxon democracy and use the Confederacy as a buffer state. Hoping to capitalize on public sympathies abroad, both the Union and the Confederacy sent diplomats and special agents overseas: the South to seek recognition and support, and the North to keep European powers from interfering. Confederate agents appealed to those conservative elements who wanted the South to serve as a bulwark against radical egalitarianism. Lincoln and his Union agents overseas learned to appeal to many foreigners by embracing emancipation and casting the Union as the embattled defender of universal republican ideals, the "last best hope of earth." A bold account of the international dimensions of America's defining conflict, The Cause of All Nations frames the Civil War as a pivotal moment in a global struggle that would decide the survival of democracy. "--

At a time of geopolitical tension and mutual distrust, the United States and Russia must work together in those areas where coordination is critical to global security, both to help stabilize the relationship and to buffer against conflict in the future.

These prison tales include chain-bus drivers, wild bull riders, and a prison baseball team that took on the Texas semi-pro champions in Houston's old Buff Stadium. They include inmates and prisoners of war supplying materials to the Confederate army and convict laborers building a state railroad and quarrying granite for the beautiful state capitol in Austin

With Stories in Stone New York, the author presents cemetery buffs with stunning photographs, fascinating text, and easy GPS directions for locating gracious architecture, fabulous artwork, and memorable gravesites of famous and not-so-famous area "residents" residing peacefully in its beautiful cemeteries. Includes The Big Four, Manhattan Churchyards & Resting Places, Eternal Excursions in well-known boroughs, as well as Humane Remains at the pet cemetery in Hartsdale.

Ferraro expands the current focus of the immigration-crime link to incorporate both the effect of immigration on anti-immigrant violence and the differential processes at work in new immigrant destinations. The findings on traditional crime are consistent with recent research and the community resource perspective, in that there is no observed effect of immigration on overall rates of crime, whether in traditional receiving areas or in new destinations. Analysis of anti-immigrant hate crimes suggests that while traditional receiving areas, especially those made up of older arrivals, may buffer

"For those who own it, wealth can have extraordinary advantages. High levels of wealth can enhance educational attainment, create occupational opportunities, generate social influence, and provide a buffer against financial emergencies. Even a small amount of savings can improve security, mitigate the effects of job loss and other financial setbacks, and improve well-being dramatically. Although the benefits of wealth are significant, they are not enjoyed uniformly throughout the United States. In the United States, because religion is an important part of cultural orientation, religious beliefs should affect material well-being. This book explores the way religious orientations and beliefs affect Americans' incomes, savings, and net worth"--Provided by publisher

Action-packed and breathtakingly authentic, Viper Pilot is the electrifying memoir of one of the most decorated F-16 pilots in American history: U.S. Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Dan Hampton, who served for twenty years, flying missions in the Iraq War, the Kosovo conflict, and the first Gulf War. Both a rare look into the elite world of fighter pilots and a thrilling first-person account of contemporary air combat, Viper Pilot soars-a true story of courage, skill, and commitment that will thrill U.S. Special Forces buffs, aviation and military history aficionados, and fans of the novels of Tom Clancy and Dale Brown.

I. Introduction -- II. Formulation and Control of Foreign Policy -- Constitutional Provisions, -- New Policy Brings Fresh Constitutional Revision, -- Practice, -- Procedures in the Chambers, -- Discontent with the Conduct of Foreign Relations, -- Small Power Caution, -- III. The Foreign Office and the Foreign Service -- The Minister of Foreign Affairs, -- The Department of Foreign Affairs, -- The Diplomatic Service, -- World War II and after, -- IV. The New Kingdom and Power Politics -- Power Politics creates a Buffer State, -- Brief Role as a strong Second-Class Power, -- Separation of Belgium, -- V. The Luxembourg Affair -- VI. The Boer War -- VII. The North Sea Declaration -- VIII. The Fortification of Flushing -- IX. Precarious Neutrality in World War I -- Economic Difficulties, -- Netherlands Overseas Trust, -- Requisitioning of Dutch Vessels, -- Menace of War, -- Protection of the Interests of the Nationals of Belligerents, -- Popular Support of Governmental Policy, -- Dutch Fear of Allied Disfavor, -- Revolutionary Disorders, -- Asylum for the German Emperor, -- X. Relations with the Vatican -- XI. Great Netherlands Idea -- Early Pan-Netherlands Movement, -- Pan-Nether- landism and Historical Writing, -- Flemish Activism and Pan-Netherlandism, -- South Africa and Pan- Netherlandism, -- Growth of Afrikaner Nationality, -- Brief Political History, 1910-1939, -- The Netherlands and South Africa in World War II and after, -- XII. The Hague as Peace Laboratory -- XIII. League of Nations Policy -- An Agonizing Reappraisal, -- Early Reactions to the League, -- The Geneva Protocol, -- Limitation of Armaments, -- Support and Failure of Sanctions, -- Flight from the System of Collective Security, -- XIV. Colonies Complicate Small Power Politics I -- The Achinese War, -- Fear of Neutrality Violation by the Russian Fleet, -- Oil Troubles the Waters, -- The Washington Conference, -- Netherlands Indies and China, -- Relations with the Moslem World, -- Difficulties in the west, -- Influence of Dependencies on Netherlands International Position, -- XV. Colonies Complicate Small Power Politics II -- Relations with Japan, -- Japanese Southward Policy, -- Diplomatic Events after the Outbreak of World War II, -- German Occupation of the Netherlands, -- XVI. Relations with Belgium -- Movements for Closer Relations, -- Belgium Desires Revision of the Treaties of 1839, -- Navigation and Control of the Scheldt, -- Belgium Demands at the Paris Peace Conference, -- Dutch Reactions, -- Belgian-Dutch Negotiations under Auspices of the Great Powers, -- The Treaty of 1925, -- Toward Cordial Relations, 1927–1940, -- XVII. Relations with Germany: Failure of Neutrality -- Effect of German Unification on Dutch Security, -- Economic Relations, -- Hitlerian Deceit, -- In Defense of the Neutral Policy, -- XVIII. Reorientation of Policy -- The United Nations, -- Relations with Indonesia, -- Final Abandonment of Neutrality, -- European Integration, -- Conclusion,.

Ferraro expands the current focus of the immigration-crime link to incorporate both the effect of immigration on anti-immigrant violence and the differential processes at work in new immigrant destinations. The findings on traditional crime are consistent with recent research and the community resource perspective, in that there is no observed effect of immigration on overall rates of crime, whether in traditional receiving areas or in new destinations. Analysis of anti-immigrant hate crimes suggests that while traditional receiving areas, especially those made up of older arrivals, may buffer.

Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction -- 2. Evolution of Public Distribution in India -- 3. Goals and Objectives of Public Distribution System -- 4. An Analysis of Government Policies -- 5. Role Played by State Civil Supplies Corporations and -- Departments in PDS/ TPDS -- 6. PDS/TPDS and Food Security -- 7. Vision for 21st Century -- AppendixA -- A Note on Several Methods of Targeting -- Appendix B -- A Note on Coarse Grains -- Appendix C -- A Note on Buffer Stocks -- Appendix D -- Stocks with FCI -- Appendix E -- Socio-Economic Development Index (SEDI) -- Development of Poverty Mapping -- INDEX