Climate change has become a serious challenge for governments throughout the world. Sustainable buildings, which are the subject of this final work, is a response to the reduction in carbon emissions. The master's thesis includes three main parts: the concept of building sustainability, the analysis of facade criteria and the multicriteria study of facades of office buildings. The first part examines relevant scientific publications in order to understand the concept of sustainability of buildings and facades. The second part sets out the concept of sustainable development and the criteria for sustainable facades that determine it. In the third part, based on the research results, the selected facade alternatives are analysed in terms of sustainability, the result of which could be useful for those choosing facade finishing solutions. The work consists of an introduction, three main parts, conclusions and suggestions, references. Thesis consists of: 70 p. text without appendixes, 27 pictures, 25 tables, 78 bibliographical entries. 2 work appendices are attached separately.
Climate change has become a serious challenge for governments throughout the world. Sustainable buildings, which are the subject of this final work, is a response to the reduction in carbon emissions. The master's thesis includes three main parts: the concept of building sustainability, the analysis of facade criteria and the multicriteria study of facades of office buildings. The first part examines relevant scientific publications in order to understand the concept of sustainability of buildings and facades. The second part sets out the concept of sustainable development and the criteria for sustainable facades that determine it. In the third part, based on the research results, the selected facade alternatives are analysed in terms of sustainability, the result of which could be useful for those choosing facade finishing solutions. The work consists of an introduction, three main parts, conclusions and suggestions, references. Thesis consists of: 70 p. text without appendixes, 27 pictures, 25 tables, 78 bibliographical entries. 2 work appendices are attached separately.
The paper sets out to describe the initial stages of the design of the corpus of academic Lithuanian. Due to the increasing interest and numerous corpora-based studies in academic discourse (especially of academic English) all over the world, there is an obvious need to provide easily accessible electronic resources of academic Lithuanian to facilitate modern linguistic research, interdisciplinary studies, lexicographical practice, and terminology studies in theory and practice. The Corpus of Academic Lithuanian (CorALit) is being compiled at the University of Vilnius (Faculty of Philology and Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics). The building of the corpus is being carried out within the framework of the 2007–2013 national high-tech development programme launched by the Government of Lithuania and supervised by the Lithuanian State Science and Study Foundation (http://www.vmsfondas.lt/index.php?lang=en). The main issue in the process of corpus design is representativeness which is determined by the following factors: the number of research and study fields represented, the range of genres included (i.e. balance) and the way text chunks for each genre are selected (i.e. sampling). The Corpus of Academic Lithuanian aims at representing the main fields of study and research developed in Lithuania and listed in Order No.30 of the Minister of Education and Science of 9 January 1998 "Concerning the Classification of Study and Research Areas, Fields and Branches" as well as the most typical genres that academic community uses for the creation, dissemination and evaluation of new knowledge and internal communication. Since at present there is no reliable scientific measure for corpus balance, the project team will have to rely on intuition and best estimates based on the experience of academic language corpora already compiled in other countries (the UK, USA, etc.). The compilation of the corpus also involves negotiations, sometimes rather time-consuming, with publishers and authors for copyright. Last but not least, technical aspects of corpus design are touched upon. The main purpose of corpus compilation is to make it easily accessible for large numbers of users, and this means changing the format of computer files and text coding in accordance with TEI P5 Guidelines. TEI P5 format will allow users to access the first synchronic corpus of written academic Lithuanian as a major resource of authentic language data via a simple internet search.
The paper sets out to describe the initial stages of the design of the corpus of academic Lithuanian. Due to the increasing interest and numerous corpora-based studies in academic discourse (especially of academic English) all over the world, there is an obvious need to provide easily accessible electronic resources of academic Lithuanian to facilitate modern linguistic research, interdisciplinary studies, lexicographical practice, and terminology studies in theory and practice. The Corpus of Academic Lithuanian (CorALit) is being compiled at the University of Vilnius (Faculty of Philology and Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics). The building of the corpus is being carried out within the framework of the 2007–2013 national high-tech development programme launched by the Government of Lithuania and supervised by the Lithuanian State Science and Study Foundation (http://www.vmsfondas.lt/index.php?lang=en). The main issue in the process of corpus design is representativeness which is determined by the following factors: the number of research and study fields represented, the range of genres included (i.e. balance) and the way text chunks for each genre are selected (i.e. sampling). The Corpus of Academic Lithuanian aims at representing the main fields of study and research developed in Lithuania and listed in Order No.30 of the Minister of Education and Science of 9 January 1998 "Concerning the Classification of Study and Research Areas, Fields and Branches" as well as the most typical genres that academic community uses for the creation, dissemination and evaluation of new knowledge and internal communication. Since at present there is no reliable scientific measure for corpus balance, the project team will have to rely on intuition and best estimates based on the experience of academic language corpora already compiled in other countries (the UK, USA, etc.). The compilation of the corpus also involves negotiations, sometimes rather time-consuming, with publishers and authors for copyright. Last but not least, technical aspects of corpus design are touched upon. The main purpose of corpus compilation is to make it easily accessible for large numbers of users, and this means changing the format of computer files and text coding in accordance with TEI P5 Guidelines. TEI P5 format will allow users to access the first synchronic corpus of written academic Lithuanian as a major resource of authentic language data via a simple internet search.
The paper sets out to describe the initial stages of the design of the corpus of academic Lithuanian. Due to the increasing interest and numerous corpora-based studies in academic discourse (especially of academic English) all over the world, there is an obvious need to provide easily accessible electronic resources of academic Lithuanian to facilitate modern linguistic research, interdisciplinary studies, lexicographical practice, and terminology studies in theory and practice. The Corpus of Academic Lithuanian (CorALit) is being compiled at the University of Vilnius (Faculty of Philology and Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics). The building of the corpus is being carried out within the framework of the 2007–2013 national high-tech development programme launched by the Government of Lithuania and supervised by the Lithuanian State Science and Study Foundation (http://www.vmsfondas.lt/index.php?lang=en). The main issue in the process of corpus design is representativeness which is determined by the following factors: the number of research and study fields represented, the range of genres included (i.e. balance) and the way text chunks for each genre are selected (i.e. sampling). The Corpus of Academic Lithuanian aims at representing the main fields of study and research developed in Lithuania and listed in Order No.30 of the Minister of Education and Science of 9 January 1998 "Concerning the Classification of Study and Research Areas, Fields and Branches" as well as the most typical genres that academic community uses for the creation, dissemination and evaluation of new knowledge and internal communication. Since at present there is no reliable scientific measure for corpus balance, the project team will have to rely on intuition and best estimates based on the experience of academic language corpora already compiled in other countries (the UK, USA, etc.). The compilation of the corpus also involves negotiations, sometimes rather time-consuming, with publishers and authors for copyright. Last but not least, technical aspects of corpus design are touched upon. The main purpose of corpus compilation is to make it easily accessible for large numbers of users, and this means changing the format of computer files and text coding in accordance with TEI P5 Guidelines. TEI P5 format will allow users to access the first synchronic corpus of written academic Lithuanian as a major resource of authentic language data via a simple internet search.
The paper sets out to describe the initial stages of the design of the corpus of academic Lithuanian. Due to the increasing interest and numerous corpora-based studies in academic discourse (especially of academic English) all over the world, there is an obvious need to provide easily accessible electronic resources of academic Lithuanian to facilitate modern linguistic research, interdisciplinary studies, lexicographical practice, and terminology studies in theory and practice. The Corpus of Academic Lithuanian (CorALit) is being compiled at the University of Vilnius (Faculty of Philology and Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics). The building of the corpus is being carried out within the framework of the 2007–2013 national high-tech development programme launched by the Government of Lithuania and supervised by the Lithuanian State Science and Study Foundation (http://www.vmsfondas.lt/index.php?lang=en). The main issue in the process of corpus design is representativeness which is determined by the following factors: the number of research and study fields represented, the range of genres included (i.e. balance) and the way text chunks for each genre are selected (i.e. sampling). The Corpus of Academic Lithuanian aims at representing the main fields of study and research developed in Lithuania and listed in Order No.30 of the Minister of Education and Science of 9 January 1998 "Concerning the Classification of Study and Research Areas, Fields and Branches" as well as the most typical genres that academic community uses for the creation, dissemination and evaluation of new knowledge and internal communication. Since at present there is no reliable scientific measure for corpus balance, the project team will have to rely on intuition and best estimates based on the experience of academic language corpora already compiled in other countries (the UK, USA, etc.). The compilation of the corpus also involves negotiations, sometimes rather time-consuming, with publishers and authors for copyright. Last but not least, technical aspects of corpus design are touched upon. The main purpose of corpus compilation is to make it easily accessible for large numbers of users, and this means changing the format of computer files and text coding in accordance with TEI P5 Guidelines. TEI P5 format will allow users to access the first synchronic corpus of written academic Lithuanian as a major resource of authentic language data via a simple internet search.
Today in Lithuania there is great concern over the buildings built during the Soviet period and used for agricultural and rural social infrastructure, which are now abandoned. These former agricultural, military, commercial or residential buildings, which have lost their natural functions and have no lasting value, are no longer used due to their poor conditions and high energy costs. Such abandoned buildings are objects of landscape visual pollution, posing a threat to human security and causing damage to property. There are about nine thousand abandoned buildings at present. About 1.200 of these buildings are recognized as orphan buildings. About 90 percent of abandoned buildings are attributable to the non-residential buildings group. Residential buildings account for about 4 percent of all abandoned buildings. It is believed that due to the aging population moving to bigger cities, these buildings or structures in the near future will gradually increase, especially in rural areas and small towns. Aim: to perform an analysis of abandoned buildings in the Kaunas district. Research object - abandoned and derelict buildings used for agricultural purposes in the Kaunas district. Research methodology - the literature analysis method, statistical analysis and synthesis approach were used in the work. The analyzed buildings are situated in rural areas and the administrative buildings of the agricultural production make greater part; therefore, the agricultural land and its area are important factors influencing the functioning of these buildings. This topic is very important and poorly studied. Derelict and abandoned buildings in the country basically became a matter of great concern only a decade ago, when it became apparent that many improperly privatized buildings would no longer be used fortheir intended purpose.
Today in Lithuania there is great concern over the buildings built during the Soviet period and used for agricultural and rural social infrastructure, which are now abandoned. These former agricultural, military, commercial or residential buildings, which have lost their natural functions and have no lasting value, are no longer used due to their poor conditions and high energy costs. Such abandoned buildings are objects of landscape visual pollution, posing a threat to human security and causing damage to property. There are about nine thousand abandoned buildings at present. About 1.200 of these buildings are recognized as orphan buildings. About 90 percent of abandoned buildings are attributable to the non-residential buildings group. Residential buildings account for about 4 percent of all abandoned buildings. It is believed that due to the aging population moving to bigger cities, these buildings or structures in the near future will gradually increase, especially in rural areas and small towns. Aim: to perform an analysis of abandoned buildings in the Kaunas district. Research object - abandoned and derelict buildings used for agricultural purposes in the Kaunas district. Research methodology - the literature analysis method, statistical analysis and synthesis approach were used in the work. The analyzed buildings are situated in rural areas and the administrative buildings of the agricultural production make greater part; therefore, the agricultural land and its area are important factors influencing the functioning of these buildings. This topic is very important and poorly studied. Derelict and abandoned buildings in the country basically became a matter of great concern only a decade ago, when it became apparent that many improperly privatized buildings would no longer be used fortheir intended purpose.
Subject to present economical situation, taxation to be more relevant subject-matter to business subjects. The latter should also be an especially important factor for potential business subjects. Taxation policy, which yet receives too little attention in Lithuania, determines selection of a legal status of in business under construction, which also conditions selection of taxation rules and the amount of taxes payable.[.]
Subject to present economical situation, taxation to be more relevant subject-matter to business subjects. The latter should also be an especially important factor for potential business subjects. Taxation policy, which yet receives too little attention in Lithuania, determines selection of a legal status of in business under construction, which also conditions selection of taxation rules and the amount of taxes payable.[.]
Subject to present economical situation, taxation to be more relevant subject-matter to business subjects. The latter should also be an especially important factor for potential business subjects. Taxation policy, which yet receives too little attention in Lithuania, determines selection of a legal status of in business under construction, which also conditions selection of taxation rules and the amount of taxes payable.[.]
Subject to present economical situation, taxation to be more relevant subject-matter to business subjects. The latter should also be an especially important factor for potential business subjects. Taxation policy, which yet receives too little attention in Lithuania, determines selection of a legal status of in business under construction, which also conditions selection of taxation rules and the amount of taxes payable.[.]
The requirements for energy-efficient buildings in the European Union's directive (2010/31/EU) are implemented differently in European countries. Studies to date have often assessed energy-efficient buildings at the national level. Broader analyses to examine the relationship between a building's primary energy needs and different climatic conditions would facilitate the optimisation of energy-efficient building costs in different countries. Also, it would provide valuable insights into the design of modern buildings in the context of climate change. This work aims to analyse the dependence of different climatic conditions and the primary energy of a building by evaluating the energy performance of energy-efficient buildings in the analysed European countries. It also aims to determine how the different climatic conditions contribute to a building's primary energy consumption for heating and cooling. In this work, the dependence of the primary energy demand and climatic conditions of a residential building is assessed by simulating the annual energy demand of a building in 11 European countries. The simulation is performed using the IDA Indoor Climate and Energy program. Primary energy is calculated using primary energy factors. The theoretical part discusses the classification of energy-efficient buildings in different literature sources, analyses the legal regulations setting the requirements for research buildings. The analytical part of the work provides necessary information about the used simulation program, determines the assumptions of the created theoretical building model. The main conclusion of the study is that the energy performance of a building varies in different climate zones and depends on many factors; Buildings in southern Europe on the example of northern European countries can lead to energy savings of up to 80%. However, in this case, the issue of cost optimisation remains essential and relevant.
