Suchergebnisse

In June 2013, Edward Snowden revealed a secret US government program that collected records on every phone call made in the country. Further disclosures followed, detailing mass surveillance by the UK as well. Journalists and policymakers soon began discussing large-scale programs in other countries. Over two years before the Snowden leaks began, Cate and Dempsey had started researching systematic collection. Leading an initiative sponsored by The Privacy Projects, they commissioned a series of country reports, asking national experts to uncover what they could about government demands that telecommunications providers and other private-sector companies disclose information about their customers in bulk. Their initial research found disturbing indications of systematic access in countries around the world. These programs, often undertaken in the name of national security, were cloaked in secrecy and largely immune from oversight, posing serious threats to personal privacy. After the Snowden leaks, the project morphed into something more ambitious: an effort to explore what should be the rules for government access to data and how companies should respond to those demands within the framework of corporate responsibility. This volume concludes the nearly six-year project. It assembles 12 country reports, updated to reflect recent developments. One chapter presents both descriptive and normative frameworks for analyzing national surveillance laws. Others examine international law, human rights law, and oversight mechanisms. Still others explore the concept of accountability and the role of encryption in shaping the surveillance debate. In their conclusion, Cate and Dempsey offer recommendations for both government and industry.

"The Bulk Collection of Signals Intelligence: Technical Options study is a result of an activity called for in Presidential Policy Directive 28 (PPD-28), issued by President Obama in January 2014, to evaluate U.S. signals intelligence practices. The directive instructed the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) to produce a report within one year "assessing the feasibility of creating software that would allow the intelligence community more easily to conduct targeted information acquisition rather than bulk collection." ODNI asked the National Research Council (NRC) -- the operating arm of the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Engineering -- to conduct a study, which began in June 2014, to assist in preparing a response to the President. Over the ensuing months, a committee of experts appointed by the Research Council produced the report."--Publisher's description

In June 2013, Edward Snowden revealed a secret US government program that collected records on every phone call made in the country. Further disclosures followed, detailing mass surveillance by the UK as well. Journalists and policymakers soon began discussing large-scale programs in other countries. Over two years before the Snowden leaks began, Cate and Dempsey had started researching systematic collection. Leading an initiative sponsored by The Privacy Projects, they commissioned a series of country reports, asking national experts to uncover what they could about government demands that telecommunications providers and other private-sector companies disclose information about their customers in bulk. Their initial research found disturbing indications of systematic access in countries around the world. These programs, often undertaken in the name of national security, were cloaked in secrecy and largely immune from oversight, posing serious threats to personal privacy. After the Snowden leaks, the project morphed into something more ambitious: an effort to explore what should be the rules for government access to data and how companies should respond to those demands within the framework of corporate responsibility. This volume concludes the nearly six-year project. It assembles 12 country reports, updated to reflect recent developments. One chapter presents both descriptive and normative frameworks for analyzing national surveillance laws. Others examine international law, human rights law, and oversight mechanisms. Still others explore the concept of accountability and the role of encryption in shaping the surveillance debate. In their conclusion, Cate and Dempsey offer recommendations for both government and industry.

In June 2013, Edward Snowden revealed a secret US government program that collected records on every phone call made in the country. Further disclosures followed, detailing mass surveillance by the UK as well. Journalists and policymakers soon began discussing large-scale programs in other countries. Over two years before the Snowden leaks began, Cate and Dempsey had started researching systematic collection. Leading an initiative sponsored by The Privacy Projects, they commissioned a series of country reports, asking national experts to uncover what they could about government demands that telecommunications providers and other private-sector companies disclose information about their customers in bulk. Their initial research found disturbing indications of systematic access in countries around the world. These programs, often undertaken in the name of national security, were cloaked in secrecy and largely immune from oversight, posing serious threats to personal privacy. After the Snowden leaks, the project morphed into something more ambitious: an effort to explore what should be the rules for government access to data and how companies should respond to those demands within the framework of corporate responsibility. This volume concludes the nearly six-year project. It assembles 12 country reports, updated to reflect recent developments. One chapter presents both descriptive and normative frameworks for analyzing national surveillance laws. Others examine international law, human rights law, and oversight mechanisms. Still others explore the concept of accountability and the role of encryption in shaping the surveillance debate. In their conclusion, Cate and Dempsey offer recommendations for both government and industry.

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.This book is the culmination of a nearly six-year project to examine the systematic government access of private information from companies and other private-sector organizations. It provides twelve updated country reports to present both descriptive and normative frameworks for analyzing national surveillance laws, and to focus on international law, human rights law, and oversight mechanisms. It also explores the concept of accountability and the role of encryption in shaping the surveillance debate. Cate and Dempsey conclude the book by offering recommendations for both government and industry.

The collection includes three volumes, correspondence, and documents, 1768-1803, related to English abolitionist and reformer Granville Sharp. The first volume contains copies of letters and related documents, 1768-1773, sent to Granville Sharp, transcribed in his own handwriting and concerning such matters as slavery, the slave trade, its evils, legal and social aspects, etc. It includes letters from Joseph Banks, Anthony Benezet, William Blackstone, Jacob Bryant, John Fothergill, Francis Hargrave, Arthur Lee, Michael Lort, and Benjamin Rush. The second volume contains Granville Sharp's copy of proceedings in the Court of King's Bench, London, February and June, 1771, in the case of Thomas Lewis, a black man, against his alleged owner, Robert Stapylton, along with John Maloney and Aaron Armstrong, for assault and imprisonment. Proceedings include trancripts of testimony given by Lewis and others. Also included are tipped in copies of Granville Sharp's remarks on the case and transcripts of the 1st and 2nd motions for judgement against Stapylton. The third volume consists of Granville Sharp's copy of part of the court proceedings in the 1772 case of James Sommersett, a slave from Virginia belonging to Charles Stewart. The case was heard in the Court of King's Bench, London, before Lord Chief Justice Mansfield and three other Justices. Granville Sharp involved himself in the case, and it was the subsequent decision of the court that a slave became free upon entering England. The volume contains the arguments for Sommersett of William Davy and John Glynn, and ends with Mansfield adjourning the proceedings to the following term. In addition, the collection includes miscellaneous documents and letters, 1772-1774 and 1784-1803, including extracts from letters of Anthony Benezet, and letters written by Granville Sharp to correspondents such as Benjamin Franklin, Campbell Haliburton, Rufus King, Joseph Reed, William White, and John Witherspoon.

Letters, certificates, land grants and military orders pertaining to the life of Ebenezer Gray of Connecticut. Items include Grays commissions as major (dated 1777, signed by John Hancock) and lieutenant-colonel in the Sixth Connecticut Regiment (1778, signed by John Jay); eight letters from various officers discussing military matters; Grays membership certificate in the Society of the Cincinnati, signed by George Washington; and a land grant to Grays three children, signed by Thomas Jefferson. Two items dated 1841 and 1844 relate to the discovery of Grays powder horn in Germantown, which was lost in battle, and arrangements to return it to his family. ; Ebenezer Gray of Windham, Connecticut served as a Lieutenant Colonel in the American Revolution.

Biographical Sketch Marjorie Bates was born in Cambridge, MA on July 31, 1897. During her childhood her family moved to Braintree, MA, and in September of 1915 she entered the two-year teaching program at Bridgewater State Normal School. She graduated in June of 1917 and the following September started her fist teaching job in Falmouth, MA. Bates taught in Falmouth for one year before attending Burdett College in 1918. It is unclear whether she finished the program there. In March of 1920 she began teaching fifth grade at the John Hancock School in Quincy, MA, but it is unclear how long she was employed there. In 1923 Bates moved to Arizona and began teaching at the Theodore Roosevelt Indian School at Fort Apache the year it opened. The fort was built in 1870 on land granted to the U.S. military by the Apache tribe. It was used for various military operations until 1922 when it was handed over to the Bureau of Indian Affairs. The fort then became the Theodore Roosevelt School in 1923 and functioned as an Indian reform school. It is still running to this day, however it is not run by the Apache Trible Counsel. Bates taught both the third grade and adult primary at the Theodore Roosevelt School. She worked there until January of 1925. In March of 1925 Bates started working at the Phoenix Indian School. The Phoenix Indian School opened in 1891 in order to assimilate Native American children to white culture. It remained in operation until 1990 when it was shut down by the federal government. While at the Phoenix Indian School, Bates taught the sixth grade and frequently describes her lessons and exams in her letters. She taught there for just over two years and left in June of 1927. From November of 1927 to May of 1928 she taught at Northfield Seminary in Northfield, MA. Details about her life following this are not documented in the collection. Scope and Content Note The Marjorie Bates Collection primarily consists of letters written by Bates to her family, with the bulk of them dated between 1924 to 1928. In addition to these letters Bates would occasionally include pieces of ephemera that pertained to something described in her letter. This includes posters, brochures, and programs from a variety of events and places Bates went to or participated in. She traveled frequently, and this is depicted in her letters sent back to her parents. The collection is broken into four series with the first three series focusing on specific schools Bates taught at. Series one covers her time teaching at the Theodore Roosevelt School at Fort Apache, Arizona, from April 1923 to January 1925. Series two covers her time teaching at the Phoenix Indian School in Phoenix, Arizona from February 1925 to July 1927. Series three covers her time teaching at Northfield Seminary in Northfield, Massachusetts, from November 1927 to May 1928. The letters in these first three series describe classroom activities and school events, along with Bates's personal activities. Series four consists of miscellaneous letters from both before and after her time teaching, as well as letters to and from other family members that do not pertain to Marjorie Bates. This series also contains one letter written in 1917 that describes her time at Bridgewater State Normal School.

Robert E. Pellissier was born in 1882 in a small town in the Jura Mountains of eastern France. He moved to the United States in 1896 and enrolled at Bridgewater State Normal School in 1899. While enrolled in the four-year program at Bridgewater he was involved in many student activities and organizations, including the early formative years of the Kappa Delta Phi fraternity that originated at Bridgewater in 1900. After graduating in 1903, Pellissier would go on to earn advanced degrees, including a Ph.D., from Harvard University. Pellissier was a professor at Stanford University when World War I began in 1914. He left his position to return to his native France, whose citizenship he never renounced, to help in the war effort. Severely wounded in January 1915, he entered the Saint Cyr Military Academy in France and achieved the rank of Sergeant before being killed by German machine gun fire at the Battle of the Somme on August 29, 1916. He was the first Bridgewater graduate to lose his life in World War I. The collection is broken down into two series. The first series focuses on Bridgewater State Normal School students and alumni who raised money to purchase an ambulance to send to the French front during WWI in memory of Robert Pellissier. The second series focuses on Pellissier's student days at Bridgewater and his relationships with other students, particularly William Vinal.

Given recognition of widespreadstate sponsored surveillance programs, areliberal democraciesdescending into an Orwellianauthoritarian nightmare? The realities of the modern surveillance state instead suggest ourworries ought to be about Kafkaesquebureaucratic black holes. In this paper we suggest thatauthoritarianism can be avoidedbyliberal democracies if they adhere to processes ofensurance and assurance. Moreover, we argue thatboth of these attributes are instrumentally enabled by transparency.