Suchergebnisse

This volume contains innovative studies that look at various aspects of slavery and the slave trade in the Eastern Mediterranean between about 1000-1500 CE: overviews of slavery in the different religious traditions, examinations of the role of the Italian merchant cities (mainly Verona and Genoa) in this trade, the nature of Mamluk military slavery and aspects of the commerce in these so-called slave soldiers

This article explores how Old Javanese texts, 'literary temples', can be used to help reconstruct the 'textual community' (rather than a hegemonic polity) that existed prior to Java's sixteenth-century Islamic conversions. Instead of the physical and economic might of an emerging elite, it focuses on a society's empowering acceptance and understanding of a common culture that is centered in a ritualized court. This ritualized court culture is not, however, just religiously inspired, but also develops out of Java's new generalized prosperity and the court's control over its public's access to material objects, which became the markers of social distinction.

Einführung / Introduction / Introduction / Introducción -- Tafeln der Eigenschaften von Wasser und Wasserdampf -- Formulationen und Gleichungen / Formulations and Equations / Formulations et équations / Sistemas de f?rmulas y ecuaciones -- Erratum to: Tafeln der Eigenschaften von Wasser und Wasserdampf -- Erratum to: Formulationen und Gleichungen / Erratum to: Formulations and Equations / Erratum to: Formulations et équations / Erratum to: Sistemas de f?rmulas y ecuaciones.

This article, which is mostly based on Song, Yuan and early Ming sources, investigates a neglected chapter in animal and trade history – China's import of exotic birds from Southeast Asia. From a commercial point of view the exchange of rare animals across Asia's maritime spaces was negligible, but not infrequently, " rare commodities" left a strong visible impact on the recipient culture ; one may treat this as a longue durée phenomenon in the Braudelian sense. That also applies to the case of precious birds, which were kept as pets in China, inspiring the literary elite to produce pictures and poems. At the same time, avian products came to be used in medicine, for decorative purposes and in other ways. The article, organised in the form of a " commodity study", contains separate chapters on various creatures such as huoji (cassowaries ?), hornbills, " talking birds", kingfishers, etc. Each section establishes a structured panorama of why and when particular birds / bird products were sent to China – and thus, how Southeast Asia contributed to making life in China more colourful.

Increasing commercial and military aircraft operations in arid environments are increasing the likelihood of sand and dust ingestion. Turbine engines are particularly susceptible to the ingestion of sand and dust, which can erode cold-section components and deposit onto hot-section components. Ultimately, the erosion and deposits will shorten the operational lifespan of these engines and limit their availability thereby increasing maintenance costs and risking safety. Mitigating these risks has become more prevalent in recent years due to increasing combustion temperatures in effort to increase fuel efficiency. Increasing combustion temperatures directly increases deposit formation onto hot-section components. Monitoring deposit formation on existing turbine engine platforms and improving deposit resilience on new designs has been the industry focus for the last two decades. This study focused on statistically modeling the initial onset of microparticle deposits onto an analogous hot-section surface. Generally, as deposits accumulate onto a hot-section surface, the existing deposit formation is more likely to bond with incoming particulate at a faster rate than an exposed bare surface. Predicting the initial deposits onto a bare surface can determine the accelerated deposition rate depending on subsequent particulate impinging onto the surface. To emulate the initial deposits, a HASTELLOY® X test coupon was exposed to 20 m to 40 m samples of Arizona Road Test Dust (ARD) at varying loadings and aerosol densities. The Virginia Tech Aerothermal Rig was used for all test scenarios at flow-particle temperatures between 1000°C to 1100°C. Several statistical models were developed as a function of many independent variables, culminating with a final sticking probability (SP) model. Overall, the SP of individual ARD particulate is a primary function of flow-particle temperature and normal impact momentum. Tangential impact momentum of a particle will decrease the SP, while surface temperatures reaching isothermal conditions with the flow will increase SP. However, there are specific cases where lower surface temperatures and high particle temperatures result in a high SP. Particle size was a strong predictor of SP where particles between 10 m to 19 m were 5 to 10 times greater than the 19 m to 40 m range. Additional studies will be necessary to examine some additional parameters that become more prominent with smaller particle sizes. Ultimately, the intention of the models is to assist turbine engine designers to improve resilience to deposit formation on hot-section components. ; PHD

Between exoticism and marginalization : new approaches to Naples / Melissa Calaresu and Helen Hills -- Myths of modernity and the myth of the city : when the historiography of pre-modern Italy goes south / John Marino -- Through a glass darkly : material holiness and the treasury Chapel of San gennaro in Naples / Helen Hills -- Contaminating bodies : print and the 1656 plague in Naples / Rose Marie San Juan -- Topographies of poetry : mapping early modern Naples / Harald Hendrix -- The collection and dissemination of Neapolitan music, c.1600-c.1790 / Dinko Fabris -- Landed identity and the bourbon Neapolitan state : Claude-Joseph Vernet and the politics of the "siti reali" / Helena Hammond -- The architecture of knowledge : science, collecting, and display in 18th-century Naples / Paola Bertucci -- Collecting neapolitans : the representation of street-life in late eighteenth-century Naples / Melissa Calaresu -- "Missed opportunities" in the history of Naples / Anna Maria Rao

Walter Pohl and Rutger Kramer, Introduction: Empires and communities in the post-Roman and Islamic world -- Hugh Kennedy, The emergence of new polities in the break-up of the Abbasid Caliphate -- Walter Pohl, The emergence of new polities in the break-up of the Western Roman Empire -- Walter Pohl and Hugh Kennedy, Comparative perspectives: differences between the dissolution of the Western Roman Empire and the Abbasid Caliphate -- Peter Webb, Fragmentation and integration: a response to the contributions by Hugh Kennedy and Walter Pohl -- John Haldon, Historicizing resilience: the paradox of the Medieval East Roman state; collapse, adaptation, and survival -- Leslie Brubaker and Chris Wickham, Processions, power, and community identity: east and west -- Daniel Reynolds, Death of a patriarch: the murder of Yūḥannā ibn Jamī (d. 966) and the question of 'Melkite' identity in Early Islamic Palestine -- Stefan Esders and Helmut Reimitz, Diversity and convergence: the accommodation of ethnic and legal pluralism in the Carolingian Empire -- Rutger Kramer, Franks, Romans, and countrymen: Carolingian interests, local identities, and the conquest of Aquitaine -- Peter Webb, From the sublime to the ridiculous: Yemeni Arab identity in Abbasid Iraq (including appendix: translations of selected poems) -- Petra Sijpesteijn, Loyal and knowledgeable supporters: integrating Egyptian elites in early Islamic Egypt -- Chris Wickham, Concluding thoughts: empires and communities.

Leadership an Elizabethan Culture studies the challenges confronted by government and church leaders (local and central), the counsel given them, the consequences of their decisions, and the views of leadership circulating in late Tudor literature and drama, Bringing together contributions from political, cultural, and literary historians, Leadership and Elizabethan Culture identifies distinctive problems confronting early modern English government during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. This diverse group of contributors examines local elites and church leadership, explores the queen, her councillors, as well as her struggles with Mary Stuart and Robert Devereux, earl of Essex, raises questions about Elizabeth's leadership, and the advice she received as well as the advice she rejected. Selected, influential works by Shakespeare, Marlowe, Jonson, Sidney, and Bacon are put in their Elizabethan and contemporary critical contexts, rounding off the study of Elizabethan culture and projecting forward to the images of leadership that form a conspicuous part of the Elizabethan legacy