Suchergebnisse

The successful jihad of 1804 in Hausaland - perhaps the most important Islamic revolution in West African history, with consequences still apparent in Nigeria today - resulted in the establishment of the Sokoto Caliphate, the largest and most enduring West African polity in the nineteenth century. The book is a full length study of traditional Sudanic military history, and an authoritative analysis of warfare in its most prominent Islamic state. After a brief survey of the evolution of Sudanic warfare and military organisation before 1800, Dr Smaldone examines the historical development and sociological implications of the two important revolutions in military technology which occurred in the nineteenth century: the adoption of cavalry during the jihad period and the introduction of firearms in the latter half of the century. He argues that these two revolutions were causal factors in producing two structural transformations in the emirates of the Caliphate, first from relatively egalitarian combatant communities to feudal systems, and then to centralised bureaucratic state organisations

Includes the Arabic text of part 7 of Qudāmah's work, reproduced from MS. no. 1076 in the Köprülü Library, Istanbul

Indonesia

This study describes and analyzes the influence of the idea of Pan Islamism in the Ottoman Caliphate during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II using qualitative research methods. The framework of thinking needs to be used to explain the object of research from the core of the problem in more detail, the main problems of this research, namely: 1. The social and political conditions of the Ottoman Turks before and the beginning of the leadership of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, 2. Understanding Pan Islamism and how the process of spreading the idea of Pan Islamism in the Ottoman Caliphate, 3. The influence of Pan Islamism on the Ottoman Caliphate during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II. This study uses historical research methods through several stages of historical methods, such as data collection (heuristics), source criticism, interpretation and historical writing (historyography) so that a study can be carried out regularly and accurately. The theory used in this research, namely the theory of influence which is used to explain and reveal the influence of Pan Islamism in Ottoman Turkey, and also uses the theory of diffusion of innovation to describe the process of spreading the idea of Pan Islamism. The results of this study indicate that Pan Islamism has an influence on the fields of education, religion, physical facilities, and especially the political field. Pan Islamism which became the political policy of Tukir Ottomans since the time of Sultan Abdul Hamid II succeeded in building support from Muslims in various regions against the Ottoman Turks. The idea of Pan Islamism continued to develop in the Ottoman Empire until its collapse in 1924. ; Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis mengenai pengaruh dari ide Pan Islamisme di kekhilafahan Turki Utsmani pada masa Sultan Abdul Hamid II dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Kerangka berpikir perlu digunakan untuk menjelaskan mengenai objek penelitian dari inti permasalahan agar lebih terpeinci, pokok dari permasalahan penelitian ini, yaitu : 1. ...

From the very beginning, Islam has devoted more interest to polities and political theory than most other religions. If it can be said with some right that Jesus was unpolitical, Muhammad was certainly not. Islam makes no distinction between religion and polities, but the two are intimately connected, and political theory has a religious and theological motivation. That implies that, in theory, it is based on the Koran and on Tradition (sunnah) in the same way as jurisprudence in general or as any other theological discipline.

On the 24th of Dhu-al-Qa'da in the Islamic year 309, the 26th of March in the Christian year 922, a man was executed for religious crimes in the city of Baghdad in Iraq. Baghdad at that time had been the seat of Muhammad's political successors, the caliphs, since the middle of the eighth century and was the capital of much of die Islamic community. As a political institution, the caliphate was sunni, modeled on the surma, or path, of Muhammad— at least in theory.