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Caliphate is a grand and sweeping history of the caliphate since the death of the prophet Mohammed until the last official caliph in the 13th Century, and its modern incarnations under various Islamist groups today. Contrary to popular belief, Islamic law is not a codified set of legislations, and thus there cannot be one definition of the role of the caliph. Rather, this title has been the subject of serious debate and transformation over time. In Caliphate, historian and Middle East expert Hugh Kennedy lifts the veil on the changing and contested position of the caliph and explores the fascinating succession of various leaders of the Islamic world since the death of the Prophet in 632 until the modern day. Kennedy begins in 7th century Medina, the Prophet Muhammad's city in the Hejaz desert, in the hours following the prophet's death. In the end, Kennedy delves into the modern fate of the caliphate, as the British manipulate the 19th Century caliphs to spur dissent against the Ottomans in the Arab provinces, and Islamist leaders call for the creation of a Muslim caliphate. We witness the emergence of another Abu Bakr as "caliph" in 2014, as Kennedy untangles the twisted and distorted Qur'anic history ISIS uses to justify its barbaric acts. An authoritative new account of the dynasties of leaders who shaped the Arab world, The Caliphate reveals the legacy of one of the most potent political ideas in modern history

For approximately six hundred years after the death of Muhammad, the founder of Islam, the Muslim community formed a cohesive state called the Caliphate. This book follows the four distinct Caliphates (Rightly Guided, Umayyad, 'Abbasid, and Fatimid) through their periods of leadership, to the state's prolonged downfall at the hands of the Seljuqs and the Crusaders, and its ultimate defeat by the Ottoman Empire. This text includes a focus on contributions made to the arts, literature, medicine, astronomy, science and mathematics, among other disciplines, particularly during the golden age of the Caliphate spanning the eighth and ninth centuries

Caliphate is a grand and sweeping history of the caliphate since the death of the prophet Mohammed until the last official caliph in the 13th Century, and its modern incarnations under various Islamist groups today. Contrary to popular belief, Islamic law is not a codified set of legislations, and thus there cannot be one definition of the role of the caliph. Rather, this title has been the subject of serious debate and transformation over time. In Caliphate, historian and Middle East expert Hugh Kennedy lifts the veil on the changing and contested position of the caliph and explores the fascinating succession of various leaders of the Islamic world since the death of the Prophet in 632 until the modern day. Kennedy begins in 7th century Medina, the Prophet Muhammad's city in the Hejaz desert, in the hours following the prophet's death. In the end, Kennedy delves into the modern fate of the caliphate, as the British manipulate the 19th Century caliphs to spur dissent against the Ottomans in the Arab provinces, and Islamist leaders call for the creation of a Muslim caliphate. We witness the emergence of another Abu Bakr as "caliph" in 2014, as Kennedy untangles the twisted and distorted Qur'anic history ISIS uses to justify its barbaric acts. An authoritative new account of the dynasties of leaders who shaped the Arab world, The Caliphate reveals the legacy of one of the most potent political ideas in modern history

The period of the Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258) has long been recognized as the formative period of Islamic civilization with its various achievements in the areas of science, literature, and culture. This history of the Abbasid Caliphate from its foundation in 750 and golden age under Harun al-Rashid to the conquest of Baghdad by the Mongols in 1258 examines the Caliphate as an empire and institution, and probes its influence over Islamic culture and society. Ranging widely to survey the entire five-century history of the Abbasid dynasty, Tayeb El-Hibri examines the resilience of the Caliphate as an institution, as a focal point of religious definitions, and as a source of legitimacy to various contemporary Islamic monarchies. The study revisits ideas of 'golden age' and 'decline' with a new reading, tries to separate Abbasid history from the myths of the Arabian Nights, and shows how the legacy of the caliphs continues to resonate in the modern world in direct and indirect ways.

"The history of the Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258 CE) spans the formative period of Islamic civilization. After the expansion of the Islamic empire under the Rashidun caliphs (632-661) and the Umayyad dynasty (661-750), the Abbasid Caliphate, based in Baghdad (762), presided over the a new era of coalescence in Islamic society, economic integration, and religious ferment on many levels. Although the political and military sway of the Abbasids lasted only in their first century of rule, the caliphate of Baghdad continued to as a focal point of allegiance across the Islamic world throughout the Middle Ages. This book traces the story of the Abbasid state from its imperial age to its continuity as a 'papal' style caliphal institution that provided legitimacy to newly rising Sultans across the Islamic world through investiture and official emblems. The book surveys the golden age of the early period, such as in the reigns of Harun al-Rashid and al-Ma'mun, examines the issue of decline in nuanced terms, and sheds light on the long-neglected story of Abbasid revival under caliphs, such as al-Qadir, al-Qa'im, and al-Nasir in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. The intellectual, scientific, and literary vigor of Abbasid society continued up until the eve of the Mongol conquest of Baghdad in 1258. As the Abbasid Caliphate ended in the capital, a shadow caliphate survived with Mamluk support as an honorific institution in Egypt until the Ottoman conquest in 1517. The achievements of the Abbasids left not only a durable stamp on Islamic cultural definitions but arguably touched world history through the patronage of the caliphs for the Graeco-Arabic translation movement, and their stimulation for scholarly activity. Whether through their actual historical role as organizers of government or through legend, such as in The Thousand and One Nights, the caliphs, and the memory of medieval Baghdad, continued to inspire the life and imagination of Islamic and Western society from the medieval to the modern period"--

Islamic State (also known as ISIS, ISIL, and Daesh) stunned the world when it overran an area the size of Great Britain on both sides of the Iraq-Syria border in a matter of weeks and proclaimed the birth of a new Caliphate. In this timely and important book, Abdel Bari Atwan draws on his unrivaled knowledge of the global jihadi movement and Middle Eastern geopolitics to reveal the origins and modus operandi of Islamic State. Based on extensive field research and exclusive interviews with IS insiders, Islamic State outlines the group's leadership structure, as well as its strategies, tactics, and diverse methods of recruitment. Atwan traces the Salafi-jihadi lineage of IS, its ideological differences with al Qaeda and the deadly rivalry that has emerged between their leaders. He also shows how the group's rapid growth has been facilitated by its masterful command of social media platforms, the ";dark web,"; Hollywood blockbuster-style videos, and even jihadi computer games, producing a powerful paradox where the ambitions of the Middle Ages have reemerged in cyberspace. As Islamic State continues to dominate the world's media headlines with horrific acts of ruthless violence, Atwan considers the movement's chances of survival and expansion and offers indispensable insights on potential government responses to contain the IS threat

Introduction / Farhad Daftary and Shainool Jiwa -- The early Ismaili Imamate : background to the establishment of the Fatimid Caliphate / Farhad Daftary -- The Baghdad manifesto (402/1011) : a re-examination of Fatimid-Abbasid rivalry / Shainool Jiwa -- Was the Fatimid Amīr al-Juyūsh in fact a Wazīr? / Paul E. Walker -- 'Leading from the middle' : Qāḍī al-Nu'mān on female prayer leadership / Simonetta Calderini -- Al-Ṭurṭūshī and the Fatimids / Maribel Fierro -- Transmitting Sunni learning in Fatimid Egypt : the female voices / Delia Cortese -- The Fatimid legacy and the foundation of the modern Nizārī Ismaili Imamate / Daniel Beben