Suchergebnisse

The Dromedary camel was used as means of transport for both people and cargo as well as for military purposes. Camel Calvary or Camelry was used as a generic designation for armed forces using camels as a means of transportation. Sometimes warriors or soldiers of this type also fought from camel-back with spears, bows or rifles. The first recorded use of the camel as a military animal is by the Arab king Gindibu, who is claimed to have employed as many as 1000 camels at the Battle of Qarqar in 853 BC. Napoleon employed a camel corps for his French campaign in Egypt and Syria. During the late 19th and much of the 20th centuries, camel troops were used for desert policing and patrol work in the British, French, German, Spanish and Italian colonial armies. Camel Calvary continue to form part of the Indian army and currently patrol the border between India and Pakistan. Additional Information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel_cavalry Tod, James. Annals and Antiuqities of Rajasthan or the Central and Western Rajput States of India. London: Oxford University Press, 1920. ; https://uknowledge.uky.edu/world_yosa_semple/1005/thumbnail.jpg

The changes of the camel farming passing from traditional way to modern style lead to decrease the apparent sustainability of the camel production throughout the world. The challenges for all camel stakeholders to maintain this image and to promote a "sustainable development" involve the control of the camel demography which must be balanced with the carrying capacity, the preservation of the camel biodiversity, the development of alternative feeding systems for preserving the water resources in desert areas, the promotion of high-value products to the growing market, the control of the health constraints for a highly mobile camel population, and the respect of the social role of camel in the new living standard.

A conventional view of nomadic tribes is that motorization—the passage from animal to automobile transportation—brought about the transformation and eventually the obliteration of the nomadic pastoralist lifestyle in the long twentieth century. But through the example of nomadic tribes in French mandate Syria, this essay shows that creative appropriation of the automobile actually helped nomadic groups to strengthen their position and to defend their economic and political interests. Automobiles allowed tribal chiefs to experience enhanced mobility, facilitating a faster connection between the bulk of the tribe and the towns. Nomads could thereby reliably sell their livestock and products more easily. Motorcars also presented nomads with a new weapon with which to challenge the technical hegemony commonly associated with colonial power. Consequently, it forced mandate authorities to adapt and transform their own ways of policing and controlling the steppe to counter the pioneering use of cars by armed Bedouins. Last, it enabled tribal chiefs to gain social prestige and, therefore, to assert themselves as ruling elites in the soon-to-be-born independent state. Overall, the Syrian nomads should be seen as pioneers of automobile culture at the start of the global Fordist period, rather than as its victims.

What we know about climate change is bad enough. What we don't could make it even worse. Adapted from Gernot Wagner and Martin L. Weitzman's book, Climate Shock: The Economic Consequences of a Hotter Planet.

Text in English; Abstract: English and Turkish ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-115) ; xi, 116 leaves ; After funds suppliers and funds demanders Banks are 3rd actors in the financial system. The banking sector accounts for most financial intermediaries. Fund transfer, Money supply, economic and financial policies support is some of the main activities. In addition to all its duties within the financial system, it also makes a huge contribution to the employment of the country as a sector. Thus, it has importance and responsibility for all kinds of structures in households, from small to medium-sized enterprises, commercial and corporate companies, to public institutions. All structures will be affected in case of possible crisis that banks will experience. These effects lead to many crises in the country, especially the economic crisis, and may result in serious chaos environments. In order not to experience these situations, the banking sector must be under audit and observation. One of the most important actions to be taken for this audit and observation is the regular measurement of financial performance analysis of banks. CAMELS analysis is a globally accepted system for this performance analysis. Camels analysis measures banks with components of capital adequacy, asset quality, management quality, profitability, liquidity and sensitivity to market risks. In this study, a total of 16 banks, 2 separate bank groups operating in the Turkish banking sector, 13 of which are private capital banks, 3 of which are Public Banks, were subjected to CAMELS analysis for 16 separate periods taking into account the balance sheets at the end of 2003 and 2018. According to the results of the study, among the banks, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Ziraat Bankası A.Ş., Akbank T.A.Ş. ve Türkiye Garanti Bankası A.Ş. among the groups, it was observed that the group of Public Banks had stronger performance than other banks and groups. ; Bankalar, finansal sistem içerisindeki fon arz edenler ve fon talep edenlerden sonra 3. Ana aktör olan finansal aracı kurumlardır. Finansal aracı kurumların büyük bir çoğunluğunu bankacılık sektörü oluşturmaktadır. Fon transferi, kayıtlı para arzı, ekonomik ve ekonomik, mali politikalara destek olmak başlıca faaliyetlerindendir. Finansal sistem içerisindeki, tüm görevlerinin yanısıra, ülke istihdamına da sektör olarak büyük bir katkı yaratmaktadır. Bu sebeple, hane halkında, küçük orta boy işletmelere, ticari ve kurumsal şirketlere, kamu kurumlarına kadar her türlü yapı için önem ve sorumluluk taşımaktadır. Bankaların yaşayacağı olası kriz durumlarında tüm yapılar etkilenir. Bu etkiler ülkede ekonomik kriz başta olmak üzere bir çok kriz doğurur ve sonucunda ciddi kaos ortamları yaşanabilir. Bu durumları yaşamamak adına bankacılık sektörünün mutlaka denetim ve gözlem altında olması gerekir. Bu denetim ve gözlem için yapılacak en önemli aksiyonlardan biri bankaların mali performans analiz ölçümlerinin düzenli olarak yapılmasıdır. CAMELS analizi bu performans analizleri için global anlamda kabul görmüş bir sistemdir. CAMELS analizi bankaları, sermaye yeterlilik, varlık kalitesi, yönetim kalitesi, karlılık, likidite ve piyasa risklerine karşı hassasiyeti bileşenleri ile ölçümlemektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türk bankacılık sektöründe faaliyet gösteren 13'ü özel sermayeli, 3'ü kamu sermayeli toplam 16 banka ve 2 ayrı banka grubu, 2003 ve 2018 yıl sonu bilançoları dikkate alınarak 16 ayrı dönem için CAMELS analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Çalışma sonucuna göre, bankalar arasında, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Ziraat Bankası A.Ş., Akbank T.A.Ş. ve Türkiye Garanti Bankası A.Ş., gruplar arasında da kamu sermayeli bankalar grubu diğer banka ve gruba göre daha güçlü performansa sahip olduğu izlenmiştir.

Consider the data from the painstaking economic analysis of contemporary camel transport in Pakistan done by Alan Heston and several Pakistani associates in 1985 (see Table 1). It shows the typical annual costs and income in rupees of someone earning his livelihood by renting out a pack camel.

Abstract For nearly 1,500 years, Sahrawi nomads of Western Sahara respected the camel; camels were essential to life in the desert environment, constituting both the main means of production and exchange and the keystone of Sahrawi cultural identity. The capacity to adapt to drought is crucial for the resilience of nomadic populations, which are particularly susceptible to its repeated occurrence. Knowledge of coping strategies is transmitted and embedded deeply within nomads' cultural institutions. In 1975, the Moroccan army occupied the Sahrawi's traditional nomadic territory, decimating camel herds and forcing most Sahrawi into refugee camps in Algeria where the Sahrawi became wholly dependent on foreign aid for their sustenance. However, with the signing of a ceasefire agreement in the early 1990s, the Sahrawi recovered part of their nomadic territory and the right to move within it, while at the same time, new flows of capital entered the camps. Refugees began to recover camel husbandry as a livelihood strategy and the camel re-emerged as a potent symbol as refugees and the Polisario Front (the Sahrawi's political representative) struggle to assert their newfound national identity, regain access to all of their traditional territory and reaffirm their shared nomadic cultural heritage.