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Description based on: week ending April 12, 2002; title from caption. ; "Canada newscan is a weekly summary of selected Canadian news stories drawn from various Canadian news organizations. They do not necessarily reflect the policies or views of the Government of Canada." ; Loose-leaf. ; Mode of access: Internet.

National security and constitutionalism are often thought to be fundamentally incompatible. Recent reforms in Canada involve creative attempts to recognize constitutional rights to fair procedure within processes in which individuals' rights are in conflict with state security interests, such as security clearance, deportation, or access to information. The procedures examined in this article include in camera and ex parte review by Federal Court judges and the use of the Security Intelligence Review Committee. The analysis draws on interviews with participants and compares these procedures with other situations in which restrictions upon open justice have faced Charter challenge, especially under sections 2(b) and 11(d). It is concluded that the courts have had comparatively little direct influence but, nevertheless, there is respect for constitutional values in some surprising places.

Until recently, the meaning and origin of the Canadian university degree was well understood by Canadians and around the world. Degrees were only offered by universities and the use of the label university was controlled by legislation in each of the ten provinces and three territories. Institutional membership in the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada signified that an institution was a university-level institution. However, the increased demand in the last two decades of the 20th century for access to university-level degrees has resulted in the provincial-level approval of degrees that are offered in non-university settings. As a result of the increased proliferation of these non-university delivered degrees, the provincial-level degree accreditation processes and the university-level degree granting standards, as represented in the membership criteria for AUCC, are no longer aligned. In this paper, the author traces the changes in degree granting in Canada over the past 15 years or so. Current provincial policies and recent decisions regarding degree granting are outlined. The author suggests a number of implications of the current degree accreditation process in Canada, including the emergence of a new kind of tiering of Canadian undergraduate degrees where different degree accreditation processes have led to different degrees with different meaning and value to the student. In order to protect both the student consumer and the currency of the Canadian undergraduate degree, the author recommends the development of national standards to define both a university-level institution and the quality of the degree it delivers. ; Dans un passé récent, tout le monde connaissait la provenance et la valeur des diplômes universitaires canadiens: les universités délivraient ces diplômes, l'utilisation du terme «université» était régie par la législation de chacune des dix provinces et des trois territoires, et c'est en attribuant à un établissement le statut de «Membre institutionnel» que l'Association des universités et collèges du Canada le reconnaissait officiellement en tant qu'institution universitaire. Or, depuis la fin des années 1970 environ, on a assisté à une demande croissante de diplômes universitaires, demande qui a eu pour conséquence la création de diplômes provinciaux à l'extérieur du système traditionnel des universités. La prolifération de ces nouveaux diplômes a progressivement creusé le fossé entre, d'un côté, les processus d'accréditation provinciale et, de l'autre, les exigences universitaires, telles que définies parles critères d'admission à l'AUCC. Cet article passe en revue les changements auxquels le Canada a dû faire face, dans les 15 dernières années environ, dans les domaines de création et d'accréditation de diplômes. Il examine les politiques provinciales actuelles sur l'instauration de nouveaux diplômes, ainsi que les décisions récemment prises à ce sujet. L'auteur traite ensuite des diverses implications des processus actuels d'accréditation de diplômes au Canada et entre autres de l'émergence d'une nouvelle série de diplômes de premier cycle - ayant chacun leur propre méthode d'accréditation-, dans laquelle les étudiants ont grand mal à se retrouver car ces diplômes n'ont ni la même signification ni la même valeur. Afin de poursuivre la mise en place de nouveaux diplômes canadiens de premier cycle et de clarifier la situation pour la clientèle étudiante, l'auteur recommande l'élaboration d'exigences nationales définissant, à la fois, ce qu'est une institution universitaire et la qualité des diplômes qu'elle pourra délivrer.

The terms race and racism are defined, and the history of their use in Canada since Confederation is examined. A distinction is made between "macro" and "micro" racism. Examples of interpersonal and systemic racism in Canada are considered in the context of multicultural policies and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Changes in Canadian immigration law and regulations are examined and their implications for refugee movements reviewed. It is concluded that there are unintended consequences of stricter control over borders and the "faster, fairer, firmer" treatment of asylum-seekers, that constitute institutional racism. ; L'article commence par définir les termes « race » et « racisme » et retrace l'historique de leur utilisation au Canada depuis la Confédération. Les exemples de « macroracisme » et « micro-racisme » sont différenciés. Des cas de racisme interpersonnel et systémique au Canada sont examinés dans le contexte des politiques multiculturelles et la Charte des droits et libertés. Sont aussi passés en revue, les changements intervenus dans la Loi canadienne sur l'immigration, ainsi que dans les règlements s'y rapportant, et leurs implications sur le mouvement de réfugiés. La conclusion est que des conséquences non intentionnelles ont découlé des mesures de contrôle plus strictes exercées aux frontières, ainsi que du traitement « plus vite, plus équitable et plus ferme » des demandeurs d'asile, et que ces conséquences constituent en soi un racisme institutionnel.

Supplement has title: "NAFTA supplemental agreements." ; Vols. [3-5], tariff schedules of Canada, Mexico, and the United States. ; Cover title, v. [3-5]: North American Free Trade Agreement, Annex 302.2. ; Cover title, v. 1-2: The NAFTA. ; Mode of access: Internet.

This paper examines the current health care reform issues in Canada. The provincial health insurance plans of the 1960s and 1970s had the untoward effects of limiting the federal government's clout for cost control and of promoting a system centered on inpatient and medical care. Recently, several provincial commissions reported that the current governance structures and management processes are outmoded in light of new knowledge, new fiscal realities and the evolution of power among stake-holders. They recommend decentralized governance and restructuring for better management and more citizen participation. Although Canada's health care system remains committed to safeguarding its guiding principles, the balance of power may be shifting from providers to citizens and "technocrats". Also, all provinces are likely to increase their pressure on physicians by means of salary caps, by exploring payment methods such as capitation, limiting access to costly technology, and by demanding practice changes based on evidence of cost-effectiveness. ; Este artículo examina los temas más recientes en las reformas del sistema de atención a la salud en Canadá. Los planes de seguridad en el sector salud durante los años sesenta y setenta tuvieron efectos inapropiados en cuanto a que limitaron el poder del gobierno federal para controlar costos y promover un sistema centrado en la atención médico-hospitalaria. Recientemente, varias comisiones provinciales reportaron que las actuales estructuras de gobierno y gestión de los procesos no están actualizadas en términos del nuevo conocimiento, las nuevas realidades fiscales y la evolución en las formas de poder entre los grupos de interés. Sus recomendaciones incluyen formas descentralizadas de gobierno y mayor participación ciudadana. A pesar de que el sistema de atención a la salud en Canadá permanece comprometido a garantizar sus principios centrales, el balance de poder estaría cambiando de los proveedores a los ciudadanos y "tecnócratas". Al mismo tiempo, es probable que todas ...

Solid waste management is becoming less a matter of personal household initiative and more an institutionalized system of legislation and programs. In order to decrease the amount of waste that is produced, discarded, and disposed of (landfilled or incinerated), governments, non-profit organizations and private companies are developing various programs and initiatives. Some programs make recycling as trouble free as possible while others offer incentives and discounts for reducing waste. While the methods differ widely the goals are the same: maximize the \"3R's\" (recycle, reduce, reuse) and minimize the waste going to landfills. In Canada, all levels of government have legislative authorities with respect to the environment and. more specifically, waste management. A large number of those governments (federal, provincial, regional, municipal) have indeed acted upon that authority and adopted various legislation, regulations programs initiatives, dealing with waste management. These differ widely across jurisdictions. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of governmental legislation and waste management programs currently in effect that deal with household solid waste management. The goal is to compile information on how and to what degree government and business affect the solid waste stream at the household level. The focus is primarily on Canadian legislation and programs. European and American legislation is discussed when relevant. For Canada, the three levels of government are studied. The legislation and programs at the federal level are reviewed as they are for each of the 10 provinces and two territories. At the local level a cross section of municipalities are examined. These municipalities were chosen because they offered extensive or unique programs and covered a wide range of possible programs available at the local level. This research was carried out through the study of legislation, articles, information brochures and personal correspondence. Government officials were contacted at the federal level and from each of the provinces. These officials relayed contact names of officials at the municipal level. Only in Quebec, where granting is done through a non-profit organization and not the government, was information provided by a non-government official. Those contacted then provided the information regarding the current situation in their area. This has lead to a wide difference in the amount of information available for each program. For example, in some provinces, only the text of the legislation was made available without any data or reports on the affect of the legislation on waste management. For other provinces and municipalities, extensive reports were provided and the direct effect of the programs can be estimated. For provinces and areas where only the text of the legislation was available, speculation as to its effect has been avoided and only the pertinent sections of the legislation are presented. For the United States and Europe information was taken primarily from articles and information packages. It must be understood that the nature and numbers of initiatives, programs, regulations are changing constantly. Indeed, new programs are developed, existing ones modified and refined, and old legislation overhauled on a continual basis. Hence, the paper offers a description of the programs as they currently exist.

Fifty years ago family practice in Canada had no academic presence. Stimulated by a number of general practitioners and with the support of the Canadian Medical Association, the College of General Practitioners of Canada (CGPC) was founded in 1954. In 1962, conferences on education for general practice attended by the Association of Canadian Medical Colleges and the CGPC led to pilot postgraduate residencies in family practice supported by Department of National Health and Welfare. The first certification examination was held in 1969 and, by 1974, all Canadian medical schools had a family medicine residency program. Today departments of family medicine contribute substantially to undergraduate education in all 16 schools. In Canada, the medical profession, governments and the medical schools have demonstrated the importance they place on appropriate education for family physicians.

Alberta, Canada, is the site of large-scale educational change initiatives legislated by the provincial government. The mandates have sparked heated public debate over the appropriateness, wisdom, and utility of the reforms. This article summarizes the views of representatives of several educational interest groups and offers suggestions for making change more meaningful and successful.

The Airbus scandal has been a matter of fairly intense political interest since initial allegations of influence-peddling were made against several parties, including former Prime Minister Brian Mulroney. Of legal note, however, has been a challenge mounted by another party implicated by the Department of Justice's investigation into the matter, which has recently been pronounced upon by the Supreme Court of Canada. The Court's judgment in Schreiber v. Canada (Attorney General) provides an interesting view of conflicting societal values: the Charter-guaranteed freedom from unreasonable search and seizure raised in opposition to the state's interest in efficient and unfettered means through which to combat crime with a transnational aspect. The Schreiber case is significant as an indicator both of the Court's evolving view of the limits of the application of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and of the Court's perception of the course being charted for Canada's participation in the fight against international crime. The court's decision more generally highlights some of the domestic implications of inter-state cooperation in the area of criminal law.

Judicial recourse to constitutional law sources from abroad has been likened to the process of bricolage--coined by anthropologist Claude Lévi- Strauss, this refers to the "borrowing from materials readily at hand." Building on the idea of constitutional borrowing, this paper aims to take account of the role dominant political culture plays in constitutional interpretation, in particular, the values associated with economic globalization. If resort to comparative constitutional sources is on the rise, dominant political culture will likely have the effect of limiting the stock of tools available to judges. The author argues that, in an age of economic globalization, the "buyer-seller" model of constitutional interpretation will be one of the principal interpretive sources readily at hand. This is a model which valorizes market relations of free and mutual exchange, ideas familiar to U.S. constitutional law particularly in the Lochner era. It is argued that this market model has emerged as an important mode of interpretation in Canadian constitutional law since 1982. This is suggested by an examination of recent decisions in the realms of federalism, Charter rights, and Aboriginal rights, though not all cases can be explained in this way. Nor is this a phenomenon isolated to Canada; rather, it is to be expected that the buyer-seller model will have universal appeal, for it appears to be the best available method of securing economic success in an era of intense competition between national states for foreign capital.

Solid waste management is becoming less a matter of personal household initiative and more an institutionalized system of legislation and programs. In order to decrease the amount of waste that is produced, discarded, and disposed of (landfilled or incinerated), governments, non-profit organizations and private companies are developing various programs and initiatives. Some programs make recycling as trouble free as possible while others offer incentives and discounts for reducing waste. While the methods differ widely the goals are the same: maximize the \"3R's\" (recycle, reduce, reuse) and minimize the waste going to landfills. In Canada, all levels of government have legislative authorities with respect to the environment and. more specifically, waste management. A large number of those governments (federal, provincial, regional, municipal) have indeed acted upon that authority and adopted various legislation, regulations programs initiatives, dealing with waste management. These differ widely across jurisdictions. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of governmental legislation and waste management programs currently in effect that deal with household solid waste management. The goal is to compile information on how and to what degree government and business affect the solid waste stream at the household level. The focus is primarily on Canadian legislation and programs. European and American legislation is discussed when relevant. For Canada, the three levels of government are studied. The legislation and programs at the federal level are reviewed as they are for each of the 10 provinces and two territories. At the local level a cross section of municipalities are examined. These municipalities were chosen because they offered extensive or unique programs and covered a wide range of possible programs available at the local level. This research was carried out through the study of legislation, articles, information brochures and personal correspondence. Government officials were contacted at the federal level and from each of the provinces. These officials relayed contact names of officials at the municipal level. Only in Quebec, where granting is done through a non-profit organization and not the government, was information provided by a non-government official. Those contacted then provided the information regarding the current situation in their area. This has lead to a wide difference in the amount of information available for each program. For example, in some provinces, only the text of the legislation was made available without any data or reports on the affect of the legislation on waste management. For other provinces and municipalities, extensive reports were provided and the direct effect of the programs can be estimated. For provinces and areas where only the text of the legislation was available, speculation as to its effect has been avoided and only the pertinent sections of the legislation are presented. For the United States and Europe information was taken primarily from articles and information packages. It must be understood that the nature and numbers of initiatives, programs, regulations are changing constantly. Indeed, new programs are developed, existing ones modified and refined, and old legislation overhauled on a continual basis. Hence, the paper offers a description of the programs as they currently exist.

Item consists of a digitized copy of an audio recording of a Vancouver Institute lecture given by Alan Cairns on November 30, 1996. Original audio recording available in the University Archives (UBC AT 2003). Also included is a PDF copy of the edited lecture that appeared in "The Vancouver Institute: an experiment in public education" Peter Nemetz (ed). ; Arts, Faculty of ; Political Science, Department of ; Unreviewed ; Other

"U.S. Department of State Contract 1724-520100."--T.p. verso ; Bibliography: p. 43-56. ; Photocopy. ; Mode of access: Internet.

This thesis examines Canada's decision to join Operation Desert Storm (the mission initiating the start of the 1991 Persian Gulf War) and the effects of the war and participation in it on Canada. To assist in the study's goal of presenting a clear, comprehensive picture of Canada's involvement in the war, three broad overarching questions are addressed: one, what factors most likely influenced Canada's decision to join Operation Desert Storm; two, what were the effects of Canadian participation in the operation; and three, what were the effects of the Persian Gulf War for Canada. This thesis demonstrates that external and non-governmental domestic determinants mostly affected the Canadian decision-making process. The factors most important in Canada's decision to send troops to the Persian Gulf region were external in nature. Specifically, the end of the Cold War, American expectations that Canada would join the operation, Canada's commitment to the UN, Arab acceptance of Western military involvement in the crisis, and Iraqi violations of international law contributed to the pro-participation decision adopted by the government. Canada's decision to limit its level of participation, on the other hand, was influenced primarily by non-governmental domestic factors. Most importantly, Progressive Conservative political concerns over how participation would affect the party's re-election chances in Quebec, the economic relationship between Iraq and Canada, and only moderate national support for participation in the war worked to constrain the extent of Canada's participation. This study also demonstrates that the war in general, as well as Canadian participation in it, had diplomatic, political, strategic, economic, and environmental consequences for Canada. The results, however, were surprisingly transitory and may therefore lessen the impact the Persian Gulf War has on future generations.Dept. of History, Philosophy, and Political Science. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1997 .D385. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 37-01, page: 0116. Adviser: E. D. Briggs. Thesis (M.A.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1997.