Suchergebnisse

The article substantiates the reasons of the split in the Ukrainian communist movement in Canada in the mid-1930s at the peak of its popularity. They consisted of acquainting of its supporters with information about dekulakization, the Holodomor of 1932–1933, the Bolshevik repressions on the territory of the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic, and so on. It clearly describes how this conflict took place in the Ukrainian labour-farmer temple association, which united Ukrainian communists, how it was perceived by its members, what consequences it led to and how it affected on spreading of communist views among Ukrainians in Canada. The society was divided into those who unquestioningly believed or knew the truth and equally supported Stalin's policy in Ukraine and those who condemned it and saw a different way of further life in the workers 'and peasants' state. It shows how the communist movement developed in the 1930s, how the so-called socialist segment stood out from it, who its supporters were and what ideas they professed. It is worth noting that for some time the "opportunists", that formed Federation of Ukrainian Labour-Farmer Organizations, could not decide on their socio-political position and hesitated on whose side to stand and whether to join the Ukrainian national-patriotic bloc of organizations or to function separately, despite the small number. The leading members of the newly created organization were D. Lobay, T. Kobzey, S. Khvaliboga, Y. Elendyuk, and M. Zmiyovsky. In August 1928, M. Mandryka arrived to Canada, delegated by the Ukrainian Party of Socialist Revolutionaries in Prague to seek financial support for Ukrainian socialist institutions in Czechoslovakia. It was to be a short-term mission, that transformed into a permanent staying overseas. M. Mandryka managed to unite Ukrainian socialists who had nothing to do with the ULFTA. The research also describes the directions of activity of Ukrainian socialists in Canada, their ties with other public organizations, political parties and future relations with former like-minded people. An attempt is made to evaluate the socialist movement and establish its significance for the social and political life of the diaspora.

The article deals with comparative analysis of legislative provision of adult education in the USA and Canada. It was found out that a special attention is paid to adult education development in the USA and Canada, for it is viewed as inevitable element of educational system, important instrument of state support and development of civil democratic society. Common features for both countries are extensive legislative basis, which is distinguished by a great number of laws and acts, which regulate functioning of adult education system. In after-war period the priority in educational policy was giving educational services to soldiers, who came back from war. For this reason, in 1944 G. I. Bill was enacted and in 1946 Law on Employment was enacted, which are viewed as beginning of legislative basis creation. Practical realization of G. I. Bill began after World War II, soldiers were given financial support for obtaining education. This law presupposes obtaining higher education, but financial support was given to those who wanted visited courses aimed at self-development and self-perfection. Important step in reformation of adult education in Canada was state intrusion in reformation of professional and technical education. Before the second half of the XIX century technical education in Canada was provided mainly by institutes of mechanics, which was not enough due to demands of industry. For this reason, Law on technical education was enacted, according to which new colleges and technical educational establishments were created, which were under control of provinces and territories. According to this law all educational establishments must be under control of provinces and territories. At the end of the 60th of the XX century Law on professional education was enacted, in which attention is paid to professional education in general and to informal education at workplace with the aim of socio-economic controversies elimination, which are caused by scientific-technical revolution, title to Law on Elementary and ...

In the article it is done historiographical and sources study analysis of the material concerning to the activity of the Ukrainian Greek Orthodox Church of Canada (hereinafter referred to as UGOCC). The reasons influenced on its creation are shown. The main of them was the desire of the public activists to give possibility to the immigrants to attend their native church with Ukrainian divine service, deprived the influence of Rome and Moscow. The conditions in which Ukrainians consolidated on the basis of Orthodox religion were analyzed. Orthodox were mainly those who moved from Bukovina and Galicians, that past from Greek Catholic faith to Orthodox. The history of origin and further activity of UGOCC in the interwar period, according to valid norms of the Canadian legislation, is described in the research. The most important problems of the building of UGOCC, such as the lack of priests, searching for a bishop by Ukrainian origin, and the struggle for the recognition of the canonization by the Constantinople Patriarchate are defined. Specific peculiarities of functioning the UGOC on Canadian territory, its ties with the same church in Ukraine are characterized. So, UGOC of Canada gave great significance to the spiritual union with the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (hereinafter referred to as UAOC), on it repeatedly stressed in its councils. UGOCC recognized itself as a part of the UAOC, headed by the Metropolitan Vasyl Lypkivsky. Particular attention is paid to internal conflicts in the interior of the Orthodox church. During the interwar period the discussion question of the canonicity of UGOC of Canada is remained, which Ivan Teodorovych and most of the members of the church`s council aspired to, but a part of the public activists led by V. Svystun was against the connection with the Constantinople Patriarchate and resanctifying the Archbishop, because it would mean «treason» of UAOC in Ukraine and the Kyivan canons of 1921.
Therefore, the article analyzes the main problems of the building of the Ukrainian Orthodox church in Canada in the interwar period as well as the ways to solve them.

The article deals with the features of cooperation between Ukraine and Canada in the military-technical sphere during the period of the military conflict in the East of Ukraine. According to the goal, the following tasks were set and solved: statistical data were analyzed and peculiarities of cooperation of the two states in the military-technical sphere were revealed; the assessment of normative legal documents that contribute to the military-technical cooperation between Ukraine and Canada; The main factors that influence the cooperation of two states in this area at the present stage are determined; describes the main measures taken by both countries to implement projects in the military-technical sphere. It is determined that the basic document of cooperation of both states in this sphere is the Ukrainian-Canadian defense agreement, which provides assistance to Ukraine in military education, logistics, development of new types of armaments, procurement of armaments, military-technical cooperation. Canada is among the four leaders of countries that provide foreign military assistance to Ukraine in the form of military equipment and training of soldiers. Canada supports a special partnership between Ukraine and NATO and helps in the implementation and enforcement of Alliance standards, providing assistance in the form of tactical training and strategic counseling. ; У статті досліджено особливості співробітництва України й Канади у військово-технічній сфері у період військового конфлікту на Сході України. Відповідно до мети поставлено та виконано такі завдання: проа­налізовано статистичні дані й виявлено особливості співробітництва двох держав у військово-технічній сфері; дано оцінку нормативно-правовим документам, які сприяють військово-технічній співпраці України та Канади; визначено основні фактори, які впливають на співробітництво двох держав у цій сфері на сучасному етапі; охарактеризовано основні заходи з боку обох країн для реалізації проектів у військово-технічній сфері. Визначено, що базовим документом співробітництва обох держав у цій сфері є українсько-канадська оборонна угода, яка передбачає допомогу Україні у військовійосвіті, логістиці, розробцінових видів озброєння, закупівлі озброєння, військово-технічному співробітництві. Канада є у четвірці лідерів країн, які надають іноземну військову допомогу для України у формі військової техніки та підготовки солдатів. Канада підтримує особливе партнерство між Україною й НАТО та допомагає в запровадженні та дотриманні стандартів Альянсу, надаючи допомогу у формі тактичного тренування та стратегічного консультування.

There are now more than 5,000 ethnic and 2,500 language groups in the world, while there are virtually no monoethnic states left. Almost all states have interethnic problems, which determines the severity of the problem and its relevance. The relevance of the topic is: 1) to gain experience of Brazil, Canada, India in solving the problem of the constitutional status of indigenous peoples; 2) in emphasizing the need to provide them not only with language rights, but also with an appropriate level of well-being; 3) in the ability to help stabilize the domestic political situation in Ukraine and strengthen relations with neighboring countries and the European Union. The purpose of the article – an attempt to conduct a comparative analysis of the constitutional status of the indigenous peoples of Brazil, Canada and India on the basis of studying the relevant provisions of the Constitutions, special international documents, scientific papers. The Conventions of the United Nations and the International Labor Organization of 1957, 1982, 1989 «On protection and integration of indigenous and other peoples leading tribal and semi-tribal lifestyles in independent countries», «On indigenous peoples and peoples leading tribal way of life in independent countries» were considered and analyzed. An analysis of the Constitutions and Constitutional Acts of Brazil, Canada and India, which reflect the reaction of these states to these Conventions, was also conducted. There are similar and distinctive features in the formation of the constitutional status of the studied ethnic groups. Similar features: centuries-old cruel treatment of the colonizers, the corresponding influence of international documents on the design of the constitutional status, the introduction of their requirements into the constitutions. Distinctive features: different attitude of the colonizers to the aborigines – expulsion and destruction in Brazil, enslavement, forced assimilation in Canada, the fight against tribes living in the mountains, forests and ...

In the article the bulk of domestic historiography is systematized, general and special studies on the topic are distinguished. The scientific achievements of Ukrainian scientists, created both at the age of the Soviet state and at the time of the independence of Ukraine concerning the emigration of the Ukrainian immigrants to Canada, social and political life of the Diaspora in the interwar period and the impact on it of the immigration policy of the country are analyzed. The changes in the methods and methodology of the Soviet and contemporary historiography are reflected, the causes of these differences with taking into consideration the periodization of the national historical thought development are analyzed. It has been noted, the source base of the national Diaspora studies is substantially extending due to the transfer of previously inaccessible Canadian archives to Ukraine. The author states, that the Ukrainian ethnic group in Canada has mostly been researched by the Diaspora scientists. It is ascertained how deeply certain questions were enlightened, and what problems require further research.

У статті виокремлено основні етапи становлення вищої педагогічної освіти в Канаді на прикладі провінції Онтаріо, починаючи з 1847 року. Розглянуто впровадження інноваційних методів для підвищення якості викладання. Висвітлено вимоги до педагогів на початку реформування педагогічної освіти в XIX ст. та на сучасному етапі. Описано утворення в університетах перших педагогічних факультетів. Проаналізовано місце та обов'язки педагогічного коледжу Онтаріо в системі освіти Канади. ; In the context of political and socio-economic changes, the issue of education of citizens capable of adequately responding to the challenges of society is relevant. Ontario's higher education system in Canada has evolved rapidly over the past decade. But before reaching such a level, it went a long way of development and reformation. Analysis of national and international sources allows us to state that Ontario's teacher education has passed at least four stages of formation. I. The stage of non-professional training of teachers and non-professional teaching (XVII century – beginning of XIX century). Most teachers in the common schools who served the general public were illiterate and poorly paid. II. Stage of the beginning of education reformation (beginning of the XIX century – beginning of the XX century). The change began when Education Minister Egerton Ryerson founded the Ontario Normal School in 1847, which was the first major change in education in the province. To enroll in the Ontario Normal School in Toronto, future teachers had to be 16 years old, present a certificate of good moral character from clergyman, and provide evidence of skill in reading, writing and arithmetic. III. Stage of development of higher pedagogical education (1950–1990). Teacher education was transferred to universities with a choice of specialization: primary or secondary education. Also, in academic research at the university, future teachers would also be expected to study foundations of education, such as psychology, philosophy and sociology; curriculum and instruction, and practice teaching. Teachers had to combine science, professional practice and good human skills. IV. Modern stage of teacher education (end of XX – beginning of XXI centuries). In 1990, there were ten departments of education in Ontario: Nippissing, Ottawa (English and French), Toronto, Western Ontario and Windsor offered one-year consecutive programs, while York offered only a concurrent undergraduate/preservice program. Brock, Lakehead, Laurentian (French) and Queens offered both concurrent and consecutive streams. For the most part, however, faculties of education "fundamentally changed views on teaching, from technical practice to theories related to teaching and learning".

The evolution of Canada's migration law is examined in the article. The author focuses his attention on the fact that Canada's current migration policy focuses mainly on business migration. The specificity of the administrative and legal regulation of the migration process in Canada is also examined in the article. The author points out that Canada has a non-discriminatory and universal policy on admission to the country of migrants and notes that they are divided into three groups or classes, each reflecting the categories defined in immigration law: family category - members of Canadian or migrant families already located in Canada; refugees - persons who meet the definition of the 1951 Convention or are identified by the Governmentof Canada; Independent migrants - selected by their qualifications, occupation, training or educationallevel. The author emphasizes that if a person has committed a criminal offense or posed a potential threat to Canada's security, has already applied for refugee status in Canada, but has been refused or previously recognized as a refugee in another country to which he or she could return, Refugee status was not considered. However, Canadian migration law provides for the possibility of challenging such a decision in court. Existing migration problems in the state are being addressed at both the federal and provincial levels. Canada's current migration law provides for the notion of an orderly flow of migrants, and the migration system includes not only population controls but also categories of people entering the country. First of all, it is a program of regulated, planned migration. The author concludes that from the late nineteenth century. The government of the country systematically and purposefully developed a migration strategy that was able to reflect and closely relate to the particularities of the country's domestic and domestic economic development. At the present stage, Canada's migration policy center is attracting business migrants to thecountry who, through their knowledge and capital, would help the Canadian economy thrive. ; У статті розглянуто розвиток міграційного законодавства Канади. Автор зосереджує свою увагу натому, що сучасна міграційна політика Канади зосереджена переважно на бізнес-міграції. У статті розгля-дається також специфіка адміністративно-правового регулювання міграційного процесу в Канаді. Автор виокремлює, що Канада здійснює недискримінаційну та універсальну політику допуску в країну мігрантів та зазначає, що вони поділяються на три групи чи класи, кожен із яких відображає категорії, визначені в законі про імміграцію: сімейна категорія – члени сімей канадських громадян чи мігрантів, які вже знаходяться в Канаді; біженці – особи, які відповідають визначенню Конвенції 1951 р. чи визначені урядом Канади; самостійні мігранти – відібрані в силу їх кваліфікації, роду занять, професійної підготовки чи рівня освіти. Автор акцентує увагу на тому, що якщо особа здійснила кримінальний злочин чи становила потенційну загрозу безпеці Кана- ди, уже подавала клопотання про надання статусу біженця в Канаді, проте отримала відмову, або раніше була визнана біженцем в іншій державі, до якої могла повернутися, її клопотання до розгляду щодо надання статусу біженця не допускалося. Проте в канадському міграційному законодавстві передбачена можливість оскарження такого рішення в суді. Існуючі міграційні проблеми в державі розв'язуються як на федеральному, так і на провінційних рівнях. Чинне міграційне законодавство Канади передбачає поняття впорядкованого потоку мігрантів, а міграційна система включає в себе не лише контроль за чисельністю, але й за категоріями людей, які в'їжджають у країну. Йдеться, насамперед, про програму врегульованої, плано-вої міграції. Автор робить висновки про те, що з кінця ХІХ ст. уряд країни систематично і цілеспрямовано виробляв міграційну стратегію, яка вміло відображала особливості внутрішньополітичного та внутрішньоекономічного розвитку країни і була тісно з ними пов'язана. На сучасному етапі в центрі міграційної політики Канади перебуває залучення в країну бізнес-мігрантів, які своїми знаннями та капіталами сприяли б процвітанню канадської економіки.