Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Author -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Voting -- 3 Aggregating Different Evaluations into One Unique Evaluation -- 4 Condorcet -- 4.1 Majority Principle -- 4.2 Condorcet's Principle -- 4.3 Condorcet Cycles -- 4.4 Principle of Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives -- 4.5 Choice Among Many Motions -- 5 Borda -- 5.1 Rankings and Points -- 5.2 Difficulties in Borda's Method -- 5.3 Difficulties in Range Voting -- 6 Simple Majority and Run-Off Voting -- 6.1 Problems with Simple Majority -- 6.2 Run-Off Voting -- 6.3 Instant Run-Off Voting -- 7 Impossible Wishes -- 7.1 Arrow's Impossibility Theorem -- 7.2 Single Vote and Arrow -- 7.3 Condorcet and Arrow -- 7.4 Approval Voting and Arrow -- 7.5 Only Two Alternatives -- 7.6 Non-manipulability of an Electoral System -- 7.7 Participation Criterion -- 7.8 Choice and Rank Monotonicity -- 8 Majority Judgement -- 8.1 The Median and the Majority Grade -- 8.2 Grade Language -- 8.3 Collective Ranking -- 8.4 Domination in Majority Judgement -- 8.5 The 2012 French Presidential Elections -- 8.6 Majority Judgement and Condorcet -- 8.7 Majority Judgement and the Impossible Wishes -- 8.8 Possible Future Developments -- 9 Legislative Territorial Representation -- 9.1 General Criteria -- 9.2 Largest Remainder Method -- 9.3 Paradoxes -- 9.4 Divisor Methods -- 9.5 Seats of the European Parliament -- 10 The United States Congress -- 11 Legislative Political Representation -- 11.1 Foreword -- 11.2 Choice of the Candidates -- 12 Biproportional Representation -- 12.1 Biproportional Apportionments -- 12.2 A Simple Case: One Seat per District and Two Parties -- 12.3 The Italian Electoral `Bug' -- 13 Political Districting -- 13.1 Territory Subdivision -- 13.2 Equity of a Subdivision -- 13.3 Criteria for Fair Political Districting -- 14 One Person-One Vote -- 14.1 Voting Power.

Cover -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Perspectives on voting behavior in the 2009 and 2013 elections -- 1.2 Theoretical framework, model, and expectations -- 1.3 Data and methodology -- 1.4 Plan of the book -- 2. How voters perceived the campaigns -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Exposure to campaign communication -- 2.3 Selectivity of campaign exposure -- 2.4 Evaluations of campaign stimuli and their selectivity -- 2.5 Conclusion -- 3. The campaign dynamics of participatory and partisan attitudes -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Participatory attitudes -- 3.3 Partisan attitudes -- 3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.2 Issue attitudes -- 3.3.3 Evaluations of government performance -- 3.3.4 Candidate attitudes -- 3.3.5 Coalition preferences -- 3.4 Conclusion -- 4. The campaign dynamics of turnout and party choice -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Turnout -- 4.3 Vote choice -- 4.4 Conclusion -- 5. Campaign effects on turnout at the individual level -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Methodology -- 5.3 Effects of campaign communication and participatory attitudes on turnout -- 5.4 Conclusion -- 6. Campaign effects on party choice at the individual level -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Model, expectations, and analytical strategy -- 6.2.1 Model and expectations -- 6.2.2 Analytical strategy -- 6.3 Effects of partisan attitudes on vote choice -- 6.4 Effects of campaign stimuli on vote choice -- 6.5 Conclusion -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Appendix A: Question wording and construction of variables -- Political behavior -- Predispositions -- Participatory and partisan attitudes -- Communication and campaign stimuli -- Variables that capture campaign trajectories of turnout: -- Variables that capture campaign trajectories of party choice: -- Appendix B: Treatment of missing data by design for the fixed effects-models in Chapters 5 and 6 -- Appendix C: Additional tables

Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- Prologue: Before PPE -- Oxford Political Economy, 1880 to 1900 -- Oxford Political Economy and the Diploma in Economics, 1901-1920 -- Honour School of Philosophy, Politics, and Economics -- 1 From Oxford Political Economy to Oxford Economics, 1922-39 -- The Changing of the Guard, 1921-22 to 1926-27 -- Crisis and the Rise to Dominance of Oxford Economics, 1927-28 to 1932-33 -- Becoming Entrenched: Oxford Economics, 1933-34 to 1938-39 -- The PPE Idea and the Cole Group -- 2 Oxford Pedagogy, 1922 to 1939: Tutorials and Lectures -- Tutorials and Tutors -- 'Revision' and 'Discussion' Classes -- Student Evaluation of Tutorials and Tutors -- Lectures and Seminars -- Evaluation of Lectures and Lecturers -- 3 Oxford Pedagogy, 1922 to 1939: PPE and New Knowledge -- Lectures and Seminars: One Student's Notes -- Examinations, 1923 to 1939 -- Candidates, Examiners, and Class Results -- The PPE's Adaptation to 'New Knowledge' in a Comparative Perspective -- 4 High Theory, 1924 to 1939: Harrod, Meade, and the Cross-fertilisation of Ideas in Oxford -- Cross-fertilisation of ideas: Oxbridge and the LSE -- Harrod, Edgeworth, Ramsey, Robertson, Allen, Kaldor and Marschak, 1924 to 1939 -- Meade, Allen and Robertson, 1931 to 1938 -- Harrod, Meade, Hitch and Shackle, 1937 -- 5 Grounded Empiricism, 1931 to 1939 -- Formation and Activities of the Oxford Institute of Statistics -- Formation and Activities of the Oxford Economists' Research Group -- 6 Wartime Activities and Post-War Reconstruction, 1940 to 1947 -- Research during the War -- Undergraduate Lectures 1940 to 1947 and the Development of Graduate Classes and Seminars after the War -- 7 Reformulation and Revival, Retrospection and Revision, 1948 Onwards.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. The Taiwan Voter: An Introduction - Christopher H. Achen and T. Y. Wang -- Chapter 2. Who Is the Taiwan Voter? - Chia-hung Tsai -- Chapter 3. Changing Boundaries: The Development of the Taiwan Voters' Identity - T. Y. Wang -- Chapter 4. Parties, Partisans, and Independents in Taiwan - Ching-hsin Yu -- Chapter 5. Issues, Political Cleavages, and Party Competition in Taiwan - Shing-yuan Sheng and Hsiao-chuan (Mandy) Liao -- Chapter 6. Economic Voting in Taiwan: Micro- and Macro-Level Analysis - Chia-hung Tsai -- Chapter 7. Cross-Strait Relations and the Taiwan Voter - Alexander C. Tan and Karl Ho -- Chapter 8. Evaluation of Presidential Candidates' Personal Traits - Hung-chung Wang and Lu-huei Chen -- Chapter 9. Political Left and Right in Taiwan - Yi-ching Hsiao, Su-feng Cheng, and Christopher H. Achen -- Chapter 10. Electoral System Change and Its Effects on the Party System in Taiwan - Chi Huang -- Chapter 11. Political Participation in Taiwan - Chung-li Wu with Tzu-ping Liu -- Chapter 12. Conclusion: The Power of Identity in Taiwan - Christopher H. Achen and T. Y. Wang -- Contributors -- Index.

This book addresses academic labor markets in three countries: France, Germany, and the United States. The management of faculty careers is a critical issue in university autonomy, and in many countries recent reforms have increasingly addressed this area. Musselin's empirical research on academic job hiring practices and faculty career patterns included over 200 interviews with faculty members and administrators concerning two disciplines: history and math. Each of the countries has very different historical traditions with regard to how peers recruit their colleagues within the academy. Using what is known as an "economics of quality" comparative approach, she sheds new light on faculty worklife. The author's focus on the criteria of evaluation in academic hiring decisions is a unique contribution and one that should stimulate the current debates on higher education reforms. Contents: 1. Academic Careers: Each Country has its Own Rules. - 2. Three National Labor Supply Construction Models. - 3. Forming Collective Judgments. - 4. Exercising Judgment to Select a Few Candidates from Among the Many. - 5. Uncertainty about Quality. - 6. "Pricing" Academics. - 7. Career Dynamics and Models of the Academic Profession. (HoF/text adopted)

LGBTI Politics and Value Change in Ukraine and Turkey focuses on the impact of European Union promotion of LGBTI rights in Turkey and Ukraine, offering a re-evaluation of the mechanisms used by the EU and the domestic and external conditions that result in different outcomes. With the protection of LGBTI rights becoming one of the core principles of the EU, the last two decades have seen a consistently growing commitment of the Union to defending the human rights of LGBTI people, not only in its member states but also internationally. Drawing on rich empirical data, this work uses the cases of Turkey, a candidate state, and Ukraine, a state in the European Neighbourhood, to evaluate the ability of the EU to promote tolerance and diversity in countries where the population has not experienced a radical shift of attitudes toward LGBTI people. Examining the export of 'European values', politics of LGBTI rights in the enlarged European Union, the development of LGBTI rights in Turkey and the transformation of its political system, competing normative powers and LGBTI rights in Ukraine, Maryna Shevtsova traces the Europeanization' of rights beyond Europe. This book will be of interest to researchers in LGBTI Studies, Eastern European Politics, the European Union and Gender Studies.

Recently, far-right candidates, such as Donald Trump in the USA and Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil were elected regardless of the scandals they had caused with their openly sexist and racist comments. Likewise, the electoral success of both presidents was opposed by widespread intersectional feminist protests. Thus, this essay pursues a double objective: first, to examine the logic and the role of gender for (right-wing) populism with the aim of re-evaluating the phenomenon and amplifying the theories towards more complex forms of description and analysis. Secondly, the essay outlines spaces and practices of resistance which also draw on gender politics (or make resistance against anti-sexism their point of departure). Based on the assumption that gender is not a side effect or a minor aspect of current populist rhetoric, it is argued that gender provides a fundamental and central stage for the current struggles for cultural hegemony that numerous societies currently find themselves confronted with in the light of precariousness and neoliberal crises. Thus, an intersectional approach towards gender in populism not only enriches the field of studying but may also provide an innovative parameter for a re-evaluation of the phenomenon and the theorisation of (right-wing) populism.

Exam Board: AQA, Edexcel, OCR Level: A-level Subject: Economics First teaching: September 2015 First exams: Summer 2017 Master the skills you need to set yourself apart and hit the highest grades; this year-round course companion develops the higher-order thinking skills that top-achieving students possess, providing step-by-step guidance, examples and tips for getting an A grade. Written by experienced author and teacher James Powell, Aiming for an A in A-level Economics: - Helps you develop the 'A grade skills' of analysis, evaluation, creation and application - Takes you step by step through specific skills you need to master in A-level Economics, so you can apply these skills and approach each exam question as an A/A* candidate - Clearly shows how to move up the grades with sample responses annotated to highlight the key features of A/A* answers - Helps you practise to achieve the levels expected of top-performing students, using in-class or homework activities and further reading tasks that stretch towards university-level study - Perfects exam technique through practical tips and examples of common pitfalls to avoid - Cultivates effective revision habits for success, with tips and strategies for producing and using revision resources Supports the major exam boards, outlining the Assessment Objectives for reaching the higher levels under the AQA, Edexcel and OCR specifications

Intro -- BIOSURVEILLANCE AND BIOWATCH GENERATION-3 ACQUISITION -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Biosurveillance: DHS Should Reevaluate Mission Need and Alternatives before Proceeding with BioWatch Generation-3 Acquisition( -- Why GAO Did This Study -- What GAO Recommends -- What GAO Found -- Abbreviations -- Background -- BioWatch and the Biodefense Enterprise -- BioWatch Past and Present -- BioWatch in Action -- Gen-3 Development and Challenges -- DHS's Four-Phase Acquisition Life-cycle Framework -- DHS Did Not Fully Develop Critical Information for Initial Investment Decision Making -- DHS Did Not Use Acquisition Life-cycle Framework Processes to Identify a Justified Mission Need -- DHS Did Not Use Acquisition Life-cycle Processes to Analyze Alternatives Based on Cost, Schedule, and Risk to Identify an Optimal Solution -- DHS Did Not Develop Complete and Reliable Performance, Schedule, and Cost Information before Approving the Gen-3 Acquisition -- BioWatch Must Demonstrate System Performance and Receive Approval before -- Full Deployment, Estimated for 2022 -- Conclusions -- Recommendations for Executive Action -- Agency Comments and Our Evaluation -- Appendix I. Limitations of Gen-3 Acquisition Documents and -- Processes at ADE-2A -- Appendix II. BioWatch Gen-3 Characterization Test Events and Candidate Technology Performance against Key Performance Parameters -- End Notes -- Chapter 2: Statement of Gus Bilirakis, Chairman, Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Communications. Hearing on "BioWatch Present and Future: Meeting Mission Needs for Effective Biosurveillance?"(.

The study of political campaigns / Henry E. Brady, Richard Johnston, and John Sides -- Voter decision making and campaign effects -- The paradox of minimal effects / Stephen Ansolabehere -- The impact of campaigns on discrepancies, errors, and biases in voting behavior / Patrick Fournier -- Priming and persuasion in presidential campaigns / Larry M. Bartels -- Research designs and statistical methods for studying campaign effects -- Campaigns as experiments / Stephen Ansolabehere -- Three virtues of panel data for the analysis of campaign effects / Larry M. Bartels -- The rolling cross-section and causal attribution / Henry E. Brady and Richard Johnston -- Campaign effects in congressional and senatorial races : information and issues -- Measuring campaign spending effects in U.S. House elections / Gary C. Jacobson -- Informational rhythms of incumbent-dominated congressional elections / Laurel Elms and Paul M. Sniderman -- Alternative tests for the effects of campaigns and candidates on voting behavior / Benjamin Highton -- The rules of the game and election results -- Do polls influence the vote? / André Blais, Elisabeth Gidengil, and Neil Nevitte -- Strategic learning in campaigns with proportional representation : evidence from New Zealand / Richard Johnston and Jack Vowles -- The role of the mass media -- Studying statewide political campaigns / R. Michael Alvarez and Alexandra Shankster -- Gender, media coverage, and the dynamics of leader evaluations : the case of the 1993 Canadian election / Elisabeth Gidengil and Joanna Everitt -- Mass media and third-party insurgency / Richard Jenkins

Intro -- Contents -- A Network-Based Approach to Understanding International Cooperation in Environmental Protection -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Concepts and Methodology -- 2.1 Network Data -- 2.2 Research Design and Methods -- 3 Research Findings -- 3.1 One-Mode Analysis of Environmental Agreements and Participating Parties -- 3.2 Two-Mode Analysis of Environmental Agreements and Participating Parties -- 4 Discussion and Future Work -- References -- Critical Mass and Data Integrity Diagnostics of a Twitter Social Contagion Monitor -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Social Movements and Contagion Models -- 2.2 Social Movements and Social Media -- 2.3 Social Media Monitoring Tools -- 3 Methods and Data -- 3.1 IRB Compliance -- 3.2 Risks of Collecting Data on Social Movements -- 3.3 Data Ingestion -- 3.3.1 Streaming Contagion Monitor -- 3.3.2 Regional Contagion Monitor -- 3.3.3 Productionalized Streaming Contagion Monitor -- 3.4 Candidate Hashtag Selection -- 3.4.1 Streaming Contagion Monitor -- 3.4.2 Regional Contagion Monitor -- 3.4.3 Productionalized Contagion MonitorTM -- 3.5 Contagion Analysis -- 3.5.1 Streaming Contagion Monitor -- 3.5.2 Regional Contagion Monitor -- 3.5.3 Productionalized Contagion Monitor -- 3.6 Reporting -- 3.7 Coordination Framework -- 3.7.1 Introduction -- 3.7.2 Implementation: Data Ingestion -- 3.7.3 Implementation: Outputs -- 3.7.4 Integration -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Framework for Evaluating the Contagion Monitors -- 4.2 Evaluation of Complexity of Contagion (R1) -- 4.2.1 Mechanical Turk Annotation -- 4.2.2 Analysis of Annotated Hashtags -- 4.2.3 Spam Filtering -- 4.2.4 Linear Regression -- 4.2.5 Classification -- 4.3 Analysis of Critical Mass for Virality (R2) -- 4.4 Analysis of Data Size (R3) -- 4.5 A Fruitful Case Study -- 4.6 Results with Coordination Framework Metrics -- 5 Discussion and Conclusion -- Appendix.

Exam Board: AQA, Edexcel, WJEC/Eduqas Level: A-level Subject: Politics First teaching: September 2017 First exams: Summer 2019 Master the skills you need to set yourself apart and hit the highest grades; this year-round course companion develops the higher-order thinking skills that top-achieving students possess, providing step-by-step guidance, examples and tips for getting an A grade. Written by experienced author and teacher Sarra Jenkins, Aiming for an A in A-level Politics: Helps you develop the 'A grade skills' of analysis, evaluation, creation and application Takes you step by step through specific skills you need to master in A-level Politics, so you can apply these skills and approach each exam question as an A/A* candidate Clearly shows how to move up the grades with sample responses annotated to highlight the key features of A/A* answers Helps you practise to achieve the levels expected of top-performing students, using in-class or homework activities and further reading tasks that stretch towards university-level study Perfects exam technique through practical tips and examples of common pitfalls to avoid Cultivates effective revision habits for success, with tips and strategies for producing and using revision resources Supports the major exam boards, outlining the Assessment Objectives for reaching the higher levels under the AQA, Edexcel and WJEC/Eduqas specifications

Cover -- Prelims -- Imprint -- Contents -- Preface -- Orientations: Socrates and the Care of the Soul -- The Deep Trouble with Europe Today -- Jan Patočka's Double Conviction -- Patočka on Socratic Inquiry -- Envoi -- Endnotes -- Part One: Situations -- Essay I: Ethical Standards in International Banking -- Why Ethics is Important for International Banking -- Sketching a Philosophical Account -- The Expression "Minimum Ethical Standards" -- On What Minimal Ethical Standards Are Not -- Minimum Ethical Standards as Principles -- Minimum Ethical Standards as Principles for Action -- Minimum Ethical Standards as Principles for Right Action -- Candidates for Minimum Ethical Standards -- One Minimum Ethical Standard For International Banking Today? -- Envoi -- Endnotes -- Essay II: Ethical Limits and International Law -- Individual Autonomies and the Community of Values -- The Task of Peace Today -- The Limitations and the Capacities of Individuals -- The Limits of Individual Autonomy -- Reflexive Philosophies -- Envoi -- Endnotes -- Part Two: Resources -- Essay III: Cosmopolitanism and the Good of Others -- Virtues -- Cosmopolitanism as an Ethical Virtue -- Difficulties with Cosmopolitanism as an Ethical Virtue -- Stoic Cosmopolitanism -- Reviewing Late Stoic Texts on Oikeiôsis -- Resolving the Difficulties -- Envoi -- Endnotes -- Essay IV: Claims, Attitudes, and Inner Peace in Late Stoic Cosmopolitanism -- An Old Story -- A Culture of Peace? -- Reviewing Late Stoicism -- Claims and Attitudes -- Evaluations and Elucidations -- Three Reminders -- A Philosophically Cosmopolitan Attitude? -- Impulses, Characters, and Reasons -- Inner Peace -- Pulling Things Together -- Envoi -- Endnotes -- Part Three: Issues -- Essay V: The Relative and the Objective -- Truths -- Relative Objectivities -- The Causal and the Logical -- What Makes Sentences True.

Intro -- Title -- Preface -- Organization -- Table of Contents -- Toward a Desirable Relationship of Artificial Objects and the Elderly: From the Standpoint of Engineer and Psychologist Dialogue -- Introduction: The Day Prof. Obinata Asked Me Some Questions -- Objects -- Primitive Relationships Between Objects and Persons -- Relationships Between Objects and the Elderly -- Differences Between Machines and Objects -- Definition of Machine -- Differences Between Machines and Objects: First Discussion -- Differences Between Machines and Objects: Second Discussion -- Differences Between Artificial Objects and Machines and Objects -- Conclusion -- References -- A Framework of Context-Aware Object Recognition for Smart Home -- Introduction -- Problem Statement and Framework -- Object Registration -- Illumination Recognition -- Background Update and Location Candidate -- SIFT Descriptor -- Model Matching Strategy -- Experimental Result -- Results on Illumination Recognition -- Object Recognition -- Limitation of SIFT Descriptor -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- A Pervasive Watch-Over System Based on Device, User and Social Awareness -- Introduction -- uEyes: The Concept -- Design of uEyes -- AMUSE Framework -- AMUSE Agents for uEyes -- Agent Behavior for Social Awareness -- Application: A Watching System for Elderly People -- Implementation and Experimental Environment -- Experiments -- Exp.(1): Experiments with Device-Aware and User-Aware Agents -- Exp.(2): Experiments with Social-Aware Agents -- Evaluation -- Conclusion -- A Context-Driven Programming Model for Pervasive Spaces -- Introduction -- Related Work -- The Physical World -- Observing the World with Sensors -- Influencing the World with Actuators -- Inhabiting the World as a User -- The Context-Driven Programming Model for Pervasive Spaces -- Interpreting Sensor Data.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Sustainable Software Engineering -- An Approach to Describe Design Pattern Structures for Sustainable Software Products -- 1 Motivation -- 2 Design Patterns for Sustainable Software -- 2.1 Software Design Process -- 2.2 Design Pattern Approach -- 2.3 Characteristic Properties -- 2.4 Pattern Description Languages -- 3 A Simple Example -- 4 Formal Pattern Descriptions -- 4.1 Advantages of Formal Descriptions -- 4.2 Example -- 4.3 Embedding of Formal Descriptions into the Framework -- 5 Actors and Sustainability Goals -- 6 Practical Construction of Pattern Collections -- 6.1 Course of the Documentation -- 6.2 Sustainability Pattern Candidates -- 6.3 Anti-patterns -- 6.4 Sustainability of Classic Design Patterns -- 6.5 Potential Difficulties in Using Patterns -- 7 Summary and Outlook -- References -- A Taxonomy About Information Systems Complexity and Sustainability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Background -- 2.1 On IS Complexity -- 2.2 On Sustainability -- 3 Study Design and Execution -- 3.1 Premise -- 3.2 Research Setting -- 3.3 Data Collection and Analysis -- 4 Findings -- 4.1 Case Analyses -- 4.2 The Taxonomy -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Related Work -- 7 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Software Design for Sustainability -- Microservice-Based Architecture for the Integration of Data Backends and Dashboard Applications in the Energy and Environment Domains -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Foundations and Related Work -- 3 Architecture for Applications Using Data Backends -- 4 Evaluation -- 5 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- A Literature Review to Analyze the State of the Art of Virtual Power Plants in Context of Information Security -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research Methodology -- 3 Types of the Term "Virtual Power Plant" -- 3.1 Syntax of "Virtual Power Plant" -- 3.2 Reason for VPP Ambiguity and Consistency.