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Thanks to its best-known use, any mention of cannabis tends to bring up jokes about the munchies or debates about marijuana and legalized drug use. But this not-so-innocent flowering plant was one of the first to be domesticated by humans, and it has been used in spiritual, therapeutic, and even punitive applications ever since-in addition to its more recreational purpose. Despite all the hoopla surrounding cannabis, however, we actually understand relatively little about it in the human and ecological past. In Cannabis, Chris Duvall explores the botanical and cultural history of one of our mo

The German government plans to legalize the consumption of cannabis for recreational purposes. According to the new government coalition, the soft drug will soon be sold to adults in licensed stores. Germany, thus, follows an interna-tional legalization trend initiated by Canada, Uruguay and the USA. In these countries the cultivation, trade and sale of cannabis for recreational purposes is already permitted. In recent years, some EU countries have established various models of decriminalization and tolerance of cannabis. Based on the Dutch tolerance policy, this article analyzes different options for legalization and examines to what ex-tent they can be implemented in Germany. It explains that a comprehensive legalization of cannabis under German law remains difficult. The principle of mandatory prosecution is an obstacle to any attempts of a far-reaching tolerance poli-cy towards cannabis cultivation. After all, international and European law clearly stand in the way of a total legaliza-tion, particularly of the cultivation and trade. Germany faces a dilemma: should it take the path of legalization, which is reasonable from a criminological point of view, and accept breaking international and European law? Or should the ambitious plans shrink to a legalization-light, limited to the private cultivation of cannabis for personal consump-tion?

In 2018, Kenneth Okoth, a member of Parliament for the Kibra Constituency in Kenya, introduced a Marijuana Control Bill in parliament. Okoth's bill sought to legalise the growth and use of cannabis, establish a system for the registration and licensing of cannabis growers and users, promote the use of cannabis for medicinal purposes, and increase public awareness of cannabis. This last point is critical in that Okoth understood that public knowledge of cannabis was shallow at the very moment when the country was debating prohibition, and he considered public awareness a critical component of this debate. Undoubtedly, the shallowness stems from a dearth of scholarship on cannabis in Kenya and East Africa. This study attempts to close the gap on the historiography of cannabis in Kenya. It historicises cannabis before the country's independence in 1963, revealing that the British colonial government sanctioned cannabis for medicinal use but prohibited it for recreational purposes among Africans. The essay grounds the history of cannabis in Kenya within a longer history of making and re-making citizens and contributes to a more complex understanding of how bodies, goods, and ideas move across time and space.

"Cannabis Criminology explores the prohibition, decriminalization, and liberalization of cannabis policy through the lens of criminological and sociological theory, essential concepts, and cannabis research. It does so by focusing on five thematic areas: law, society, and social control; police and policing; race, ethnicity, and criminalization; the economics of cannabis use; and cannabis use and criminal behavior. The book links key areas in past and contemporary cannabis research to criminological and sociological theories, including key concepts, emergent concerns, and new directions. Based on an update-to-date review of this growing area of research, the book outlines a research program based on five essential thematic areas. Introducing cannabis as a critical case study in moral-legal re-negotiation, it outlines how cannabis prohibition has influenced cannabis around the world. Five discrete chapters focus on thematic areas, criminological and sociological theories, define essential concepts, and provide research focused on law, society, and social control (chapter 2), police and policing cannabis (chapter 3), race, ethnicity, and criminalization (chapter 4), the economics of cannabis use (chapter 5), and cannabis use and criminal behavior (chapter 6). The book concludes by presenting new ways to engage prohibitionist thinking, by challenging myths, embracing social media, and developing a duty of care to guide future cannabis researchers and explicitly involve people who use cannabis. Cannabis Criminology will be of interest to a variety of readers, including students and scholars from a range of backgrounds studying drug use, drug policy, cannabis legalization, and other drug-related issues. It will also appeal to policymakers who want to know more about cannabis legalization and drug prohibition, those working in the criminal justice system, and social work professionals. Due to its accessible style, people involved in the cannabis industry, as well as cannabis users may also find the book interesting"--

Inflammatory rhetoric and increasingly punitive drug policies dominated marijuana politics in the past. Today, as 36 have legalized cannabis in some form and 17 states have legalized recreational marijuana, the federal government continues to perpetuate policies of the past. The following analysis investigates rhetoric and policies that led to the War on Drugs as well as their outcomes, the dramatic shift in public opinion as states began to legalize marijuana, and the successes and failures of state cannabis programs to identify gaps within the MORE Act, the ideal policy, and politically viable incremental change. State programs are incapable of addressing issues regarding data collection, research, and equity. The MORE Act passed by the House of Representatives in December 2020 presents a semi-comprehensive federal reform option. The ideal cannabis reform, however, should address guidelines for federal regulators, barriers to employment and entrepreneurship, incentivize state cannabis legalization and expedited expungements, expand research and data collection, and provide a framework for federal communications. Despite the act's shortcomings, it remains politically infeasible in today's polarized climate. Immediate incremental cannabis reform should take the form of action by the Attorney General and Congressional action expanding cannabis research supply and funding, requiring public health data collection, rescheduling marijuana, and authorizing doctors to write prescriptions for medical marijuana.

Accompanied by a podcast called "The Cannabis Criminology Podcast." As a limited series podcast, the authors will review key aspects of the book and interview scholars and activists working in this area. Very timely as the (potential) legalisation of cannabis has received much attention across the globe in recent decades/years, and this interest is set to continue for many years to come. Most research tends to focus on drugs as a whole, whereas this book focus solely on cannabis, and as such offers the depth needed to grasp the topic more effectively. Fits into several topics/modules within criminology, sociology, law, drug policy and public health. Comprehensive in its coverage, exploring history, frameworks of analysis, evidence to date, key initiatives, and providing examples from relevant jurisdictions

Intro -- General Editor's Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- PART ONE: ETHNOBOTANY AND DIFFUSION -- Typification of Cannabis sativa L -- Cannabis: An Example of Taxonomic Neglect -- Early Diffusion and Folk Uses of Hemp -- The Origin and Use of Cannabis in Eastern Asia: Their Linguistic-Cultural Implications -- Ethnobotanical Aspects of Cannabis in Southeast Asia -- Cannabis Smoking in 13th-14th Century Ethiopia: Chemical Evidence -- Dagga: The History and Ethnographic Setting of Cannabis sativa in Southern Africa -- PART TWO: SOCIOCULTURAL ASPECTS OF THE TRADITIONAL COMPLEX -- The Social Nexus of Ganja in Jamaica -- The Ritual Use of Cannabis in Mexico -- Cannabis and Cultural Groups in a Colombian Municipio -- Patterns of Marihuana Use in Brazil -- Economic Significance of Cannabis sativa in the Moroccan Rif -- Traditional Patterns of Hashish Use in Egypt -- The Traditional Role and Symbolism of Hashish among Moroccan Jews in Israel and the Effect of Acculturation -- The Social and Cultural Context of Cannabis Use in Rwanda -- Reunion: Cannabis in a Pluricultural and Polyethnic Society -- Social Aspects of the Use of Cannabis in India -- Cannabis in Nepal: An Overview -- The "Ganja Vision" in Jamaica -- PART THREE: MEDICAL, PHARMACOLOGICAL AND ETHNOMETABOLIC STUDIES -- Cannabis sativa L. (Marihuana): VI Variations in Marihuana Preparations and Usage - Chemical and Pharmacological Consequences -- Social and Medical Aspects of the Use of Cannabis in Brazil -- Sociocultural and Epidemiological Aspects of Hashish Use in Greece -- Marihuana and Genetic Studies in Colombia: The Problem in the City and in the Country -- Cannabis Usage in Pakistan: A Pilot Study of Long Term Effects on Social Status and Physical Health -- The Significance of Marihuana in a Small Agricultural Community in Jamaica.