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ABSTRACT Introduction: This article analyzes the issue of Capacities for the implementation of public policies. The article examines the concepts of state capacity, policy capacities and policy work to analyze the role of bureaucratic roles in the implementation process. The article criticizes the concept of state capacities and advocates a perspective that the analysis of capacities should be focused on the performance of agents for the fulfillment of public policy functions. Materials and methods: Based on a survey analysis with agents of civil service bureaucracy, the article lists the central capacities for the performance of functions necessary for the implementation of public policies. Results: The theoretical finding is that capacity analysis should consider the role of individuals in the performance of policy functions and the organizational context in which they are embedded. Discussion: This article contributes to the literature on bureaucracy and governance in Brazil.KEYWORDS: State Capacities; Policy Capacities; Policy Work; Public Policy; Civil Service.

In this article we discuss the production of genres, mediated Didactic Sequence methodology through which to teach modularly a genre. Our goal is to demonstrate that the teaching of genres developed modularly can assist students in building properly texts. Thus, we describe part of an experiment carried out in a high school public school, in which students of 2nd year produced a movie review to be published in school and in a blog. For this, we base in authors like (Dolz et al., 2010) and (Bronckart, 2007), who consider language as a form of interaction and the genre as a tool through which students are able to develop the capabilities of language. Research shows that the Didactic sequence enabled the students grasp the knowledge required for proper writing addressed genre.

This article aims to discuss the capacities of the Brazilian State, particularly the Federal Executive Branch, to produce efficient infrastructure policies that deliver the expected benefits and also obtain support (or consent) from impacted social groups. We argue that the professionalization and technical knowledge of the federal government's public bureaucracy are constrained by low levels of autonomy and intragovernmental cohesion. Likewise, the relationship between the federal bureaucracy and local civil society, subnational governments and accountability agencies are precarious. This situation represents a barrier to the efficiency and legitimacy of state action in the sector. ; El objetivo del artículo es discutir las capacidades del Estado brasileño, en particular el Poder Ejecutivo Federal, para producir políticas de infraestructura eficientes que suministren los beneficios esperados y obtengan soporte (o consentimiento) de grupos sociales impactados. Se argumenta que el profesionalismo y la cualificación técnica en la burocracia pública del gobierno federal están limitados por la baja autonomía y la cohesión gubernamental. De la misma forma, las relaciones de la burocracia y la sociedad local, los representantes de las entidades federativas y las agencias de control son precarias. Esta situación constituye una barrera a la eficiencia y legitimidad de la acción estatal en el sector. ; O texto tem como objetivo discutir as capacidades do Estado brasileiro, notadamente do Poder Executivo Federal, para produzir políticas de infraestrutura eficientes que entreguem os benefícios esperados e obtenham o apoio (ou o consentimento) dos grupos sociais impactados. Argumenta-se que a profissionalização e a qualificação técnica existentes na burocracia pública do governo federal são constrangidas pela baixa autonomia e coesão intragover­namental. Igualmente, as relações da burocracia com a sociedade local, os representantes dos entes federativos e as agências de controle são precárias. Tal situação constitui-se em barreira para a eficiência e legitimidade da ação estatal no setor.

This paper addresses the State capacities organized to promote bilateral international cooperation between Brazil and South Africa, and between Brazil and China, concerning international trade and human's rights, using comparative method and transversal analyses. Aiming to examine the impacts of political institutions on State capacities, China and South Africa were chosen due to the fact that they compound, with Brazil, different dyads of international cooperation (Leeds, 1999): China, an autocracy, and South Africa, a democracy. The paper's main objective is to point differences and similarities in the States capacities of these countries, depending on variations in their political institutions. The three countries present different types of State capacities (Cingolani, 2013): in China, there is a contrast between high administrative and low legal, relational and political State capacities. South Africa and Brazil present a more complex network of actors and institutions, revealing a bigger development of the legal, relational and political State capacities.

The state capacity to formulate, supervise, and implement (and in some cases to evaluate) science, technology, and innovation policy is the subject of the present work. The goal is to compare state and policy capacity in Brazil, China, and Argentina to point out comparative institutional advantages and disadvantages. One of the study's main conclusions is the existence of a structured consensus on what sectors the enterprising state should incentivize and promote, on where the frontier is located, and whether these countries are at the frontier of innovation depends on: the existence of a rearguard of institutions capable of undertaking prospective (and retrospective) studies that are effectively considered in the decision-making process; the continuous exercise of foresight or technological foresight, subject to processes of periodic revision; the capacity to take account of conflicts of interest, but equally to neutralize them when building structured consensus; and finally to count on a well-established but effective financial innovation system. Two conditions seem important as far as the governance of the modernization process is concerned: visions of the future and state capacities to implement them. What is at issue is not a continuous set of abilities or expertise but a variety of decision-making processes on long-term strategy and coordination in the development and implementation of technology policies.

The paper is an exploratory historical analysis, based on documentary research and literature review, which focuses on the formation of the bureaucratic apparatus in the area of economic infrastructure, analyzed from the perspective of the construction of the Brazilian State and its technical, administrative and political capacities. The work explores the links between successive institutional arrangements and the construction of state capabilities of a technical and political nature. The trajectory of the institutional arrangements is analyzed based on a periodization that considers the inflections in the recent trajectory of the structuring of State functions, correspondingly, the organization of the public administration, its legal frameworks and institutional arrangements in each period. The periodization distinguishes the following moments: the beginnings of developmentalism (1930-1945); the parallel administration and developmental initiatives (1946-1963); state enterprises and the developmental State (1964-1988); and the emergence of the regulatory State and the resurgence of state activism (1988-2016). In the end, the conclusion is that it is dominant during most of the period analyzed the persistence of a vector of construction of the State apparatus that dislocates the formation of the bureaucracy away from the central administration.

Since the last decade, there has been much debate on the central government's activism in the implementation of development policies that resemble those from Brazil's authoritarian past. However, only rarely, scholars and practitioners have discussed the state capacities that are necessary to execute such policies in the democratic environment, instituted by the 1988 Constitution. This article seeks to understand empirically the interactions between development policies implementation and democratic requisites such as transparency, public participation, and political and bureaucratic oversight, focusing on the tensions and synergies resulting from such interactions and their implications for policy. The paper draws from the comparative analysis of eight case studies of current development policies. The analysis centers on the evaluation of the state capacities created or mobilized during the implementation of such policies. The findings indicate that i) the level of execution of policy goals is associated with the level of technical-administrative capacity that implementation arrangements are able to provide; and ii) the existence and operation of participatory mechanisms, oversight bodies, and interactions with Congress contributed to revisions and innovations during the implementation of these policies. Thus, successful development policies implemented under democratic environments demand not only the technical-administrative capacities necessary for management and execution, but also the political capacities that enable the inclusion of social and political actors, and the processing of conflicts and their potentially divergent interests.

Brazil's Constitution of 1988 gave municipalities the status of autonomous federated entities. They were assigned a series of responsibilities in the field of public policies, including the duty of preparing government plans. Before the constitution, planning and the state capability regarding this task were concentrated in the federal bureaucracy. In this institutional and organizational changing scenario, the objective of this article was to investigate the scientific production regarding municipal planning. A systematized search of articles was carried out on the Portal Periódicos Capes databases for the period 1995 to 2018. The results showed that the field is incipient, lacking theoretical and analytical regularity, privileges a normative bias, and is strongly based on approaches developed in the field of business administration. This study corroborates the relevance of this research agenda. It stresses the importance of local management for the federation and the protection of rights. ; La Constitución de 1988 elevó a los municipios a la condición de entes federados autónomos, les atribuyó una serie de competencias en el campo de las políticas públicas, y descentralizó la responsabilidad por la confección de la planificación gubernamental. Hasta entonces, este tipo de actividad, así como las capacidades correspondientes de los estados estaban concentrados en la burocracia federal. En este escenario institucional y organizativo cambiante, el objetivo de este artículo fue investigar la producción científica sobre la planificación municipal. Para ello, realizamos una búsqueda sistematizada de artículos en las bases del Portal Periódicos Capes que abarcó el período de 1995 a 2018. Los resultados evidenciaron que el campo es incipiente, carece de regularidad teórica y analítica, privilegia un sesgo normativo y está fuertemente basado en enfoques de la administración de organizaciones privadas. Con ello, sostenemos la pertinencia de esta agenda de investigación, en consonancia con la importancia de la gestión local para la federación y para la garantía de derechos. ; A Constituição Federal de 1988 alçou os municípios à condição de entes federados autônomos, atribuiu-lhes uma série de competências em relação às políticas públicas e descentralizou a responsabilidade pela confecção de peças de planejamento governamental. Até então, este tipo de atividade, bem como as capacidades estatais correspondentes estavam concentrados na burocracia federal. Neste cenário de mudança institucional e organizacional, o objetivo deste artigo foi investigar a produção científica sobre o planejamento municipal. Para isso, realizamos uma busca sistematizada de artigos nas bases do Portal Periódicos Capes abrangendo o período de 1995 a 2018. Os resultados evidenciaram que o campo é incipiente, carecendo de regularidade teórica e analítica, privilegia um viés normativo e está fortemente alicerçado em abordagens da administração de organizações privadas. Com isso, sustentamos a pertinência desta agenda de pesquisa, em consonância com a importância da gestão local para a federação e para a garantia de direitos.

Taking into account a brief review of literature on cluster of enterprises, the paper focuses on the development of technological capacities in the neo-schumpeterian theoretical framework. The emphasis is on the local factors that are embedded in the process of technological learning. The case study is on the cluster of ceramics industry located in the south of Santa Catarina state. The specific objective was to understand the development path and the entrepreneurial interactions within the local system of innovation. ; Taking into account a brief review of literature on cluster of enterprises, the paper focuses on the development of technological capacities in the neo-schumpeterian theoretical framework. The emphasis is on the local factors that are embedded in the process of technological learning. The case study is on the cluster of ceramics industry located in the south of Santa Catarina state. The specific objective was to understand the development path and the entrepreneurial interactions within the local system of innovation.

This article discusses the impact of the regulation of the Brazilian wheat market on national processing capacities and the aptitude for subsidy absortion by the flour industry. Available data indicate that subsidy regulations did not cause an increment in market concentration. On the contrary, it seems that real profit decreased during the period of subsidy policy, 1970-80

The UN has a large experience in conflict management, including preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peacekeeping & peacebuilding. It faces serious difficulties in several cases of prevention & peacemaking, namely when it has to lead military operations where the use of force goes beyond self-defense. It has, however, immense comparative advantages in peacebuilding & the UN should concentrate its resources where its conflict resolution capacities are most efficient. Figures, References. Adapted from the source document.

The Sociocultural Animation Project "Active Ageing in a Retirement Home" designs Animation as an integral part the daily life of the institution and its residents. Using this approach we hope to improve quality of life for residents, promoting an environment that helps elderly people live their closing years in an active and satisfactory way. We conclude that Sociocultural Animation is a mode of intervention in all aspects of the life of the elderly, and it is a permanent stimulus for mental, physical and emotional capacities. It acts in facilitating access to a more active and creative life, improves communication in relationships with others, encouraging better preparation for life in a community and it develops personal autonomy.

This work aims to identify how political factors are related to health inequalities from the approach of state capacities, considering that these indicate a necessary condition for a potential reduction of health inequalities. For this, a synthetic indicator of state capacities in health was formulated for the 5,570 Brazilian municipalities from 2013 to 2015, and through descriptive analyzes and econometric regression models of panel data and logistic regression, we sought to answer the following questions: (I) is the dependence of voters on the public health system correlated with the levels of state capacity in health and, consequently, with the levels of inequality?; (II) do left parties reduce health inequalities more in relation to other parties?; and (III) are municipal governments that reduce health inequalities politically rewarded through re-election? The results indicate that (I) higher levels of dependence are correlated with higher levels of state capacity; (II) leftist parties no longer reduce health inequalities; (III) voters reward municipal governments for reducing health inequalities, although there is no unanimous standard in this regard. ; Este trabalho objetiva identificar de que forma os fatores políticos se relacionam com as desigualdades em saúde a partir da abordagem das capacidades estatais, considerando que estas indicam uma condição necessária para uma redução potencial das desigualdades em saúde. Para isso foi formulado um indicador sintético de capacidades estatais em saúde para os 5.570 municípios brasileiros de 2013 a 2015, e por meio de análises descritivas e modelos econométricos de regressão de dados em painel e regressão logística se buscou responder às seguintes perguntas: (I) a dependência dos eleitores sobre o sistema público de saúde se correlaciona com os níveis de capacidade estatal em saúde e consequentemente nos níveis de desigualdade ?; (II) os partidos de esquerda reduzem mais as desigualdades em saúde em relação aos outros partidos?; e (III) os governos municipais que reduzem as desigualdades em saúde são recompensados politicamente por meio da reeleição? Os resultados indicam que (I) maiores níveis de dependência se correlacionam com maiores níveis de capacidade estatal; (II) os partidos de esquerda não reduzem mais as desigualdades em saúde; (III) os eleitores recompensam os governos municipais pela redução das desigualdades em saúde, embora não haja um padrão unanime em relação a este aspecto.

By associating processes of constitution of digital objects to the concept of gambiarra, we aim to uncover the modes of existence that render the gambiarra as a crucial operator in the relationship between techniques, bodies and society. The aesthetic, political, and cognitive dimensions of the concept form an alternative version of technicity that allows us to understand the complex and even paradoxical aspects of digital sociotechnical formations. The empirical demonstration of these ideas will take place in three levels: the redirection of capacities of processing in video game consoles and video cards; the reconfiguration of software and user interfaces; and the resulting invention of rhythms and ways of seeing, feeling and acting in video games. ; Associando processos de constituição de objetos técnicos digitais ao conceito de gambiarra, busca-se revelar os modos de existência que tornam a gambiarra um operador fundamental às relações entre técnica, corpo e sociedade. As dimensões estéticas, políticas e cognitivas do conceito compõem uma vertente alternativa da tecnicidade que permite elucidar o caráter complexo e muitas vezes paradoxal das formações sociotécnicas digitais. A demonstração empírica dessas ideias se dará em três níveis: o redirecionamento das capacidades de processamento de consoles de video games e placas de vídeo; as reconfigurações do software e das interfaces gráficas; e a consequente invenção de ritmos e formas de ver, sentir e agir nos video games.

Witch reflections and learning can we get in an English language internship experience in middle school? Having this question as a starting point, in this article we aim to do a reflexive study of qualitative nature about English teaching and learning mediated by discursive genres and information and communication technologies. From observation reports, we can describe and interpret an internship experience guided by a teaching proposal that links didactic sequence, webquest and technology. The research goes from studies of Gebhard (1999) and Ninin (2010) Bakhtin (1979), Marcuschi (2010), Dolz and Scheneuwly (2004), Dodge (1995) and March (2003). In methodology, the research process involved observation and data collection of 12 classes taught by teachers in early formation at UNIFESSPA, in an 8th year English class at Marabá (PA). Results show that: 1) trainees implemented a distinctive proposal that promoted magazine covers' production and dissemination, also explored mental and linguistic capacities in reading, writing and English linguistic analysis learning, mediated by technologies; 2) the observation task could exceed its initial purpose of data collection, serving as a support to the trainees work and also to the work methodology awareness for the researchers involved in this project and 3) the relevance of this experience focuses on teachers in early formation's literacy, improving and developing genrer studies for educational purposes, integrating it with technology use.