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Recent legislative changes have fostered the growth of a highly competitive health care market in California. In addition to selective hospital contracting for Medicaid (Medi-Cal) services, the California Medical Assistance Commission is attempting to initiate pilot projects to capitate Medi-Cal beneficiaries in selected geographic areas throughout the state. Selective contracting with county capitated organized health systems is also underway in Santa Barbara County, with plans for other counties on the drawing boards. This paper describes these capitated programs as well as addressing problems that may arise in this transition from a fee-for-service to a capitated Medi-Cal system. Specifically considered are issues related to underutilization, quality of care, implementation, eligibility and effects on existing patterns of care.

Acceptance and use of capitation funds JKN by capitation fund manager at the health center every month must be reported to the Chief Medical Officer for tiered supervised by government auditors. The problems that occurred in Department of Health Merauke accountability reports were late and incomplete from JKN capitation fund manager at the health center. This study aimed to assess the factors that affect the performance of the fund manager in Puskesmas capitation JKN environment Merauke District Health Office. This observational cross-sectional study design, sample is the total population of the capitation fund manager JKN in 21 health centers were 63 people, namely the Head, Treasurer and Administrative Health Center. The data were obtained using a questionnaire and analyzed using chi square. Results indicated that there was no effect of motivation (p-value 0.094), incentives (p-value 1.000), supervision (p-value 0.772) on the performance of the capitation fund manager at the health center in the working environment Merauke District Health Office. No effect of workload (p-value 0.000), infrastructure (p-value 0.005), skills and abilities (p-value 0.001) on the performance of the capitation fund manager at the health center in the neighborhood of Merauke District Health Office. In conclusion, workload, facilities and infrastructure, as well as the ability and skill of the fund manager capitation JKN dominant influence on the lack of performance JKN Capitation Fund Manager at the health center in the working environment DHO Merauke. Motivation JKN manager has a chance to lack of performance capitation fund manager at the health center in Merauke health office working environment.

Background and purpose: One of the main indicators of quality in the provision of primary health care is the contact between the provider and the recipient (communication contact). Targets set regarding communication contacts are often not achieved which in turn results in consequent cuts in the capitation rates received by the public health centres (PHCs). The purpose of this research is to understand the implementation, inhibiting and enabling factors of supporting communication contact in the era of National Health Insurance (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional/JKN).Methods: This study used a qualitative explorative design through in-depth interviews and focus group discussion (FGD) with 22 informants consisting of heads of PHCs, PHCs staff, Head of Denpasar Health Office, Head of Social Security Administering Agency (BPJS) Denpasar Branch and JKN members. This research was conducted at 11 PHCs in Denpasar City from April to July 2017. The informants were chosen purposively and the data were analysed thematically to explore aspects of implementation, the inhibiting and enabling factors of communication contact.Results: Communication contacts can be assessed both inside and outside the PHCs buildings. The inhibiting factor of communication contact implementation related to difference in understanding of the concept of PHCs working area, the absence of a standard operational procedure (SOP) for communication contact, heavy workload of PHCs service providers, lack of optimal means of supporting application of pcare convoluted and confusing information from BPJS, and lack of understanding from JKN enrolees on the particulars of the administration and desire for speedy service. Supporting factors are the availability of media, training and orientation for the implementing staff and the feedback from BPJS to PHCs staff. Driving factors are the effective authority of the PHCs head, commitment and motivation from government agencies and cross-sectoral support.Conclusions: Implementation of communication contact is influenced by both inhibiting and enabling factors, from the BPJS stakeholders and the members of the BPJS. Achieving the target of communication contact requires synergy of central government policy and BPJS managers.

La formation d'un État-Nation en France a été un processus de longue durée, dont le déclenchement est d'initiative royale. Le roi, en France, a créé l'État, et au moyen de cet État, la Nation. La distinction puis la séparation institutionnalisée de son entourage en organismes spécialisés dans des types d'affaires envisagés et classés selon les réponses que les membres de cet entourage sont habilités par le roi à donner, constitue peu à peu un appareil institutionnel et administratif qui devient celui d'un Etat tel que nous l'entendons encore aujourd'hui. Cette atomisation institutionnelle dans le long terme du politique procède de manière concomitante par quadrillage de la société et obéit à des principes liés à une idée du pouvoir politique. La connaissance de la société par les administrateurs est inséparable de la question du pouvoir royal vu sous l'angle d'un vouloir politique.

Primary dentists at the era of the National Health Insurance are only paid IDR2,000 each patient. The Capitation funds can not cover the cost of services that must be spent. The payment system must be improved because it is related to the quality of service. The aims of this study to analyze the management and utilization of dental capitation funds including the bottlenecks and to generate solutions in the implementation of JKN. This research was descriptive with qualitative approach. The informants of the study were 16 (sixteen) dentists as an independent practitioners and pratama clinics in Palembang and Lubuklinggau with highest and lowest capitation coverage. Data were analyzed by data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing and verification. The result showed that there was a disparity in capitation fund income received by dentists both as an independent practitioners and pratama clinic. Not all dentists get the ideal number of participants 1: 10,000. Dentists with low capitation norms have difficulty to set their operational funds. The budget for operational cost is bigger than services cost. Revenues compared to capitation funds are still lacking. Most capitation funds for primary dentists are insufficient and still rely on fee for service patients. The government should set dental capitation norm and regulation for National Health Insurance era.Key words: dentist, capitation, clinic, utilization, regulation

On April 11, 1900, a new financial law was adopted that stipulated the principle of financial independence of all the colonies under French rule. As a consequence, the new capitation tax, owed by all Natives, became one of the main budgetary resources of the French Colonial Empire. In the colony of Dahomey, as in all the other territories that comprised the "Afrique Occidentale Francaise" (AOF), such a tax was not welcomed by the population, who tried to counter it in many ways: refusal to pay, individual or collective fleeing, and false declarations, among many other things. Adapted from the source document.