Suchergebnisse

Politiche, misure e strumenti per contenere le emissioni di CO2 Illustriamo l'ultimo contributo al quarto Rapporto sui cambiamenti climatici votato a maggio 2007 dal terzo gruppo di lavoro del Comitato intergovernativo "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change". Il Rapporto affronta la problematica delle tendenze delle emissioni dei gas serra e il tema della mitigazione a breve e lungo termine. Presentiamo un'analisi critica delle proposte del documento.

Many countries use tax competition tools to stimulate enterprises to improve innovation efficiency. Consequently, in China, does tax competition have an incentive effect on the improvement of enterprise innovation efficiency, and what is the existing mechanism? Considering the characteristics of industrial enterprises engaged in various innovative activities to achieve sustainable competitive advantage and taking the panel data of industrial enterprises in 31 provinces and regions of China from 2011–2018 as the research object, this paper empirically studies the influence of tax competition and its mechanism on the innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises. It is shown that excessive tax competition in China hinders the improvement of the innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises, in which capital flow plays a partially mediating role. Further research shows that after the implementation of an innovation-driven development strategy, the degree of tax competition in China was reduced, which alleviated the adverse impact of excessive tax competition on the innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises, and capital flow also reduced this negative effect. The results reflect the good effect of implementing an innovation-driven development strategy in China, and it also shows that excessive government intervention is not conducive to the effective allocation of market resources. Tax Competition is a double-edged sword; therefore, it is necessary to promote the innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises by combining promising government and an effective market. The conclusions are important for the appropriate shaping of fiscal policy.

Human society is full of would-be 'change agents', a restless mix of campaigners, lobbyists, and officials, both individuals and organizations, set on transforming the world. They want to improve public services, reform laws and regulations, guarantee human rights, get a fairer deal for those on the sharp end, achieve greater recognition for any number of issues, or simply be treated with respect. Striking then, that not many universities have a Department of Change Studies, to which social activists can turn for advice and inspiration. Instead, scholarly discussions of change are fragmented with few conversations crossing disciplinary boundaries, rarely making it onto the radars of those actively seeking change. This book aims to bridge the gap between academia and practice, bringing together the best research from a range of academic disciplines and the evolving practical understanding of activists to explore the topic of social and political change. Drawing on many first-hand examples from the global experience of Oxfam, one of the world's largest social justice NGOs, as well as insights gleaned from studying and working on international development, it tests ideas and offers the latest thinking on what works to achieve progressive change.

Following the release of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 1.5 °C Special Report in October 2018, there has been a surge in public concern about climate change and demands for greater government action. We analyse the discourse of Members of Parliament (MPs) on climate change on Twitter to examine the extent to which these recent public climate-related events have influenced political agenda-setting. We argue that these events have had two, linked, effects: increased political discourse on climate change, and an increasing use of 'urgent' climate language. However, the language style used between political parties differs. Additionally, while the youth strikes and Greta Thunberg, who initiated these strikes, appear to have the greatest influence on MPs' discourse, the overall relative impact is low, with responses predominately from left- and centrist-political parties. This indicates a clear difference between parties. However, Twitter may not be a suitable platform for investigating Conservative discourse. Further work to explore agenda-setting on Conservative policymaking is required.

· The Dimension of Change Model (DOCM), developed by the authors, is offered as a potentially useful tool for foundations, government, bodies, consultants, coalitions, and even individual organizations that are initiating or engaged in substantive efforts to bring about community change. · The dimensions contained in the model - structure, parameters, intention, approach, and people - offer a frame for addressing key aspects that emerge from the literature as fundamental to all change efforts. The model is offered as a way to design, implement, adapt, and evaluate change initiatives. · The work of First 5 Marin Children and Families Commission in Marin County is used as an example to stimulate reflection and discussion about such initiatives. · Lessons learned through First 5 Marin's experience as a change agent are offered and augmented by the literature on change initiatives.

As political debate over the overexploitation of fish stocks rages on, UBC's Fisheries Centre is targeting the responsible management of aquatic ecosystems from multiple perspectives. ; Other UBC ; Unreviewed ; Other

Cuban-Americans are changing their attitudesabout many of the key components of current US/Cuba policy. The paper explores some of the socialforces creating the patterns associated with thechanging attitudes. Based on the data from the2014 Cuba Poll, a descriptive analysis ofrelationships among key demographic variablesuncovers compelling patterns associated with theideological shift occurring in the population.Specifically, the patterns associated with ideologyshifts and time of arrival of the migrant aswell as his/her age and political party preferenceare explored. The paper makes clear that the newarrivals to Miami, as well as the younger Cubans,are significantly more interested in normalizingrelations with the home country. Unfortunately, alarge majority of the new arrivals (migrating since1995), are not citizens and therefore not able toparticipate in the electoral processes that shapeU.S. policy towards the island.Los cubano-americanos están cambiando susactitudes acerca de muchos de los componentesclave de la política actual de Estados Unidos haciaCuba. El artículo explora algunas de las fuerzas socialesque crean los patrones asociados a esas actitudescambiantes. En base a los datos del 2014Cuba Poll, un análisis descriptivo de las relacionesentre las variables demográficas clave, el texto descubrepatrones de peso asociados con el cambioideológico que ocurre en la población. En concreto,patrones asociados con los cambios y el tiempode llegada de los migrantes, así como su edady preferencia de partido político o de ideología.El documento deja claro que las personas reciénllegadas a Miami, así como los jóvenes cubanos,están significativamente más interesados en lanormalización de las relaciones con su país de origen.Por desgracia, la gran mayoría de los reciénllegados (desde 1995), no son ciudadanos estadounidensesy, por tanto, no pueden participar enlos procesos electorales que dan forma a la políticade Estados Unidos hacia la isla.

Motivation: Institutions are a set of rules of the game, norms and values that constitute a fundamental element of any social and political system. Political institutions are an important object of theoretical considerations and a number of attempts at explanations in political science. in their research, they put more emphasis on the effects of political institutions than on issues related to their genesis and the changes taking place. This article is in the trend of New Institutionalism which focuses on the causal role and the limited ability to design new tools, as well as a strong intention in this area. Aim: The aim of the article is to provide a synthetic overview of the causes and effects of continuity and changes in formal political institutions within the interdisciplinary area— new institutionalism. The research methods used during the preparation of the article include the analysis and criticism of the literature Results: The article focuses on presenting the role of institutions in political life, showing the dysfunctionality of the institutional sphere in the face of pressure from interest groups and the game of political actors. The explanation of these aspects was served by logical constructions and analyzes, primarily of a historical and sociological study, emphasizing the importance of determinants of informal institutions on the durability and institutional change.

Motivation: Institutions are a set of rules of the game, norms and values that constitute a fundamental element of any social and political system. Political institutions are an important object of theoretical considerations and a number of attempts at explanations in political science. in their research, they put more emphasis on the effects of political institutions than on issues related to their genesis and the changes taking place. This article is in the trend of New Institutionalism which focuses on the causal role and the limited ability to design new tools, as well as a strong intention in this area. Aim: The aim of the article is to provide a synthetic overview of the causes and effects of continuity and changes in formal political institutions within the interdisciplinary area— new institutionalism. The research methods used during the preparation of the article include the analysis and criticism of the literature Results: The article focuses on presenting the role of institutions in political life, showing the dysfunctionality of the institutional sphere in the face of pressure from interest groups and the game of political actors. The explanation of these aspects was served by logical constructions and analyzes, primarily of a historical and sociological study, emphasizing the importance of determinants of informal institutions on the durability and institutional change.

This report provides studies on greenhouse gas emissions and atmospheric concentrations which focuses on questions raised by decision-makers regarding U.S. climate change.

The author looks at the development of military technology in recent years. He examines three major platforms: fighter aircraft, tanks, and cruisers, examining the gaps between generations as well as the capability gains of each succeeding type. While development has slowed, at the same time capability increases have also slowed: it takes longer to get new equipment, and that new equipment is less of an improvement over its predecessor than its predecessor was over its predecessor. Only in electronics and computer technology was that shown to be somewhat untrue, but even there military technology has lagged significantly behind commercial advances. This relative military stasis, in technology at least, has a range of causes: the end of the Cold War, bureaucratic changes, political cultures, scientific limits, cost inflation, a focus on new characteristics that cannot be so easily measured. The author also looks at the strategic environment to see whether that has evolved rapidly while technology has proven more dormant. ; https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1639/thumbnail.jpg

The aim of the modelling exercise is to help gain an understanding of whether increases in differential between VED bands would help the UK achieve its: 1) two targets relating to lower carbon cars 2) commitment to a 20% reduction in carbon emissions by 2010. This document should be read in conjunction with the SDC submission into the Government's Climate Change Programme Review. ; Publisher PDF

Die real existierende Marktwirtschaft unterliegt einem ökonomischen Wachstumszwang, der Umweltpolitik konterkariert. Eine bessere Wirtschaftsordnung, die in erster Linie leistungslose Einkommen verhindern muss, kann ihn überwinden und Ökonomie, Ökologie sowie soziale Gerechtigkeit in Einklang bringen.

This paper draws on new institutionalist theories to consider how we might characterise the process and outcomes of change occurring in English local government as a result of the UK's austerity policies. It uses national and local empirical data to argue that changes are best understood as multi-layer processes, whereby radical 'punctuated' shifts in national funding can be mitigated to incremental adjustments in service delivery at a local level. However, the paper also suggests that the incremental appearance of change may be temporary, and that diminishing institutional resilience and emergent discursive shifts potentially prefigure a paradigm change in local governance. Hall's (1993) framework of policy change is used to assess the extent of change to date.

As a result of global climate change, sea level has risen and will continue to rise throughout the 21st century. Sea level rise has been higher in Virginia than any other state over the past 100 years (US Climate Change Science Program 2009). Varied projections show that sea level could rise 1.2 to 5.5 feet above 1992 levels by 2100 (Boon et al. 2010; Ezer and Corlette 2012; Sallengar et al. 2012). Sea level rise threatens to drown intertidal wetlands (Craft et al. 2009; FitzGerald et al. 2010; Kirwan and Guntenspergen 2010; Menon et al. 2010). Wetlands are key biodiversity hotspots and provide a number of ecosystem services (Barbier et al. 2011). Wetlands have the ability to adapt to sea level rise by migrating inland as long as shoreline hardening, such as a bulkhead, is absent (Kirwan and Megonigal 2013). In Virginia, private landowners must be granted a permit by local citizen wetlands boards to alter or harden their shoreline. Although wetlands boards have been given sufficient guidance by government agencies, they have mostly failed to achieve Virginia's goal of preserving wetlands (VIMS 2012). If this practice continues, Virginia can expect a significant loss of wetlands, biodiversity and ecosystem services. To avoid losing wetlands, this paper proposes two changes to Virginia's current permit process. First, landowners should be required to consult with a Virginia Institute of Marine Science scientist to better understand the environmental impacts of and alternatives to shoreline hardening before submitting an application. Second, permit decisions should move from local wetlands boards to the Virginia Marine Resources Commission. These recommendation would serve to significantly limit future shoreline hardening and preserve wetlands and their associated biodiversity in the face of climate change.