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A European political space is possible only if we re-think the notion of sovereignty and we release it from the notion of "living person". For this aim we will refer to the theory of the experience in Alfred North Whitehead's Process and Reality (1929). Europe is not a "living person", it is not "substance" as it is state-nation instead. It is rather a unity that is done through multiplicity (of people, cultures, local organizations), an emerging and not established unity. The construction of a European political space is then a "technical" procedure, with the meaning given by Gilbert Simondon to this expression. ; Uno spazio politico europeo è possibile solo se si ripensa la nozione di sovranità svincolandola dalla nozione di "persona". A tale scopo, si farà riferimento alla teoría dell'esperienza proposta da Alfred North Whitehead in Process and Reality (1929). L'Europa non è "persona", non è "sostanza", come è invece lo stato-nazione. È piuttosto un'unità che si fa attraverso la molteplicità (di popoli, culture, istituzioni locali), un'unità emergente e non costituita. La costruzione di uno spazio político europeo è dunque una operazione "tecnica", nel senso che a questa espressione ha dato Gilbert Simondon.

La tesi affronta la vita e la riflessione politica di Beatrice Potter collocandola all'interno del pensiero politico britannico ed europeo della fine dell'Ottocento e dei primi decenni del Novecento. Rispetto alla maggior parte della bibliografia disponibile, risulta un'autonomia e un'originalità anche rispetto alla riflessione del marito Sidney Webb. La riflessione politica di Potter è caratterizzata in primo luogo dalla ricerca del significato immediatamente politico di quella scienza sociale, che si sta affermando come approccio scientifico dominante nell'intero panorama europeo. Il lavoro è diviso in tre ampi capitoli così suddivisi: il primo ricostruisce l'eredità intellettuale di Potter, con particolare attenzione al rapporto con la filosofia evoluzionista di Herbert Spencer, suo mentore e amico. In questo capitolo vengono anche discussi i contributi di John Stuart Mill, Joseph Chamberlain, Alfred Marshall e Karl Marx e la loro influenza sull'opera di Potter. Il secondo capitolo prende in esame la sua opera prima dell'incontro con il marito e mostra come lo studio della povertà, del lavoro, della metropoli, della cooperazione e delle condizioni delle donne getti le basi di tutta la produzione successiva della partnership. Lo studio politico della povertà, cioè la messa a punto di una scienza amministrativa del carattere sociale del lavoro, rappresenta uno degli elementi principali di quella che viene qui definita un'epistemologia della democrazia. Il terzo capitolo riprende il tema cruciale della democrazia nella sua accezione «industriale» e indaga il ruolo funzionale dello Stato, anche in relazione alla teoria pluralista di Harold Laski, al socialismo guildista di George D. H. Cole e all'idealismo di Bernard Bosanquet. Centrale in questo confronto del pensiero di Potter con il più ampio dibattito degli anni venti e trenta sulla sovranità è la concezione della decadenza della civiltà capitalista e dell'emergere di una new civilisation, dopo la conversione al comunismo sovietico. ; The dissertation addresses the political life of Beatrice Potter through the analysis of British and European political thought between the end of the Nineteenth century and the beginning of the Twentieth century. The aim of the research is to show the originality of her thought also in relation to her husband's, Sidney Webb. Potter's political reflection is first of all characterized by the study of the political meaning of social science, which is becoming dominant as a scientific approach all over Europe. The work is divided into three large chapters: the first one reconstructs her intellectual legacy, with particular attention to Herbert Spencer, mentor and friend, and his philosophy of evolution. This chapter also discusses the political thought of John Stuart Mill, Joseph Chamberlain, Alfred Marshall and Karl Marx and their influence on Potter's social and political thought. The second chapter reconstructs and analyses her work before the encounter with Webb and shows how this first reflection on poverty, metropolis, work, cooperation and women's condition represent the basis of all the later work of the partnership. The political analysis of poverty, that is the formulation of an administrative science of the social character of work, represent one of the main element of what I have defined an epistemology of democracy. The third chapter discusses the concept of democracy in its «industrial» meaning and stresses the functional role of the State, also in relation to the pluralist theory of Harold Laski, to the Guild Socialism of George D. H. Cole and to the Idealism of Bernard Bosanquet. The keynote in this debate around sovereignty between the Twenties and the Thirties is the conception of the decay of capitalist civilisation and the rise of a new one, after her conversion to Soviet Communism.

Given talent is fostered by democracy-driven education that focuses on citizenship,a new conception of educational success emerges. An opportunityis thus given to reason about epistemic virtues: though intellectual, theyare also related to successful citizenship and, as such, affect the developmentof individual talents. All capacitating aspects of epistemic virtues shallbe investigated, especially with the purpose of making it truly feasible tofoster talents from within the frame of educational systems. On top of this,some cultural perspectives are considered, which could play a generativerole in orienting educators and teachers towards a humanist view of talents(hence, Humanism of talent). ; Una nuova concezione di successo formativo, collegata con l'educazionedemocratica dei talenti orientata alla cittadinanza, offre l'occasione per ragionaresulle virtù epistemiche – intellettuali e civiche al contempo – chemaggiormente incidono sulla formazione dei talenti. Virtù epistemichedelle quali vanno approfonditi i processi educativi capacitanti, al fine di rendererealmente realizzabile l'alimentazione dei talenti all'interno dei sistemieducativi. Vi sono anche antiche posizioni culturali da recuperare e valorizzarein chiave generativa per orientare educatori e formatori all'umanesimodei talenti.

The theory of national characters sees an individual in every nation. Each individual has a body, a face, a character. The same goes for nations: every nation has a body (the land), a face (the fisionomy), a character. Kind or bad, active or passive, idle or diligent, feminine or masculine, every nation expresses a principle. A single principle, different from that of every other nation. What makes a nation possess a certain character? Authors are divided on this matter: according some it is the climate (both for the influence it exerts and for the reaction it provokes), according someone else it is history, and we find among the possible causes language, race, territory, religion, institutions, customs or a set of all (or part of) these elements. The volume examines this theme in Hippocrates, Aristotle, Bodin, Dubos, Kant, Leopardi, Cuoco, Michelet.

In this paper I aim to explore the points of contact and divergence between two authors who have extensively reflected on the extent of an ethical "feeling" that would call the agent to a more precise awareness of the role of the emotional motions underlying decisions and character formation. In what makes an agent, in short, a person. In this sense, I intend to compare the normative and procedural significance of character and emotions in moral evaluation by comparing the theses of Martha Nussbaum and Bernard Williams. A relationship between the two positions will be highlighted in order to support, on these results, a normative justification of the use of moral inclinations as means of justice promoted by political communities.

Rafforzata dall'impiego dei fondi della Politica di Coesione, la coesione territoriale rappresenta la principale sfida per l'Europa 2020 e per il dopo Brexit, ma soprattutto la base per costruire un post 2020 sulla evidence e sulle diversità geografiche. Le istituzioni europee sono fortemente impegnate sull'argomento e considerano il Territorial Impact Assessment an ex-ante mechanism per mitigare i risultati deludenti emersi in UE e in Italia, che sottolineano forti divari regionali. L'articolo delinea il quadro generale entro cui, avvalendosi di concetti e indicatori condivisi e metodi innovativi, si inserisce il Territorial Impact Assessment della coesione territoriale in Italia, offrendo i primi risultati di una ricerca nazionale in corso (PRIN), nella costruzione di tipologie sistemiche funzionali territoriali utili all'applicazione regionale. ; Reinforced by the spending of Cohesion Policy (CP) funds, the increase of the Territorial Cohesion (TC) is the main challenge in the Europe 2020 and the post-Brexit period. Above all, it is the basis for building a post-2020 programming on evidence and geographical diversity. The European institutions are strongly committed to this issue and consider the Territorial Impact Assessment as an ex-ante mechanism to mitigate the regional disappointing results obtained in the EU and in Italy and to exceed strong regional disparities. Applying shared concepts, indicators and innovative methods, the paper outlines the general framework in which the Territorial Impact Assessment of Italian Territorial Cohesion fits. It offers initial results of a national research on going (PRIN) in the construction of systemic functional territorial typologies useful to the regional application.

Verlagsinfo: This pathbreaking work pursues two interwoven themes. Firstly, it engages in a deconstruction of Ancient philosopher's texts - mainly from Plato, but also from Homer and Parmenides - in order to free four Greek female figures from the patriarchal discourse which for centuries had imprisoned them in a particular role. Secondly, it attempts to construct a symbolic female order, reinterpreting these figures from a new perspective. Building on the theory of sexual difference, Cavarero shows that death is the central category on which the whole edifice of traditional philosophy is based. By contrast, the category of birth provides the thread with which new concepts of feminist criticism can be woven together to establish a fresh way of thinking.

The Cognition of Discourse. Gadda and the Metaphor of Fascist VirilityIn the political analysis of the work of the Milanese writer Carlo Emilio Gadda, there is a big controversy about the fascist or antifascist status of his ideas. For a long time, Gadda has been considered an antifascist icon, who with works as Eros e Priapo and Quer Pasticciaccio brutto de via Merulana strongly and violently criticised the regime of Mussolini. Influenced by the discovery of the scritti tecnici in the early seventies, however, many scientists have also started to stress Gadda's fascist adhesion. The propagandistic and scientific character of the articles made scholars focus on non-literary arguments to define Gadda's position toward fascism, like his psychology, his Milanese background, his ideology. Ultimately however, scientists like Cristina Savettieri and Riccardo Stracuzzi have stressed the importance of a strictly literary reading of the discourse in Gadda's work in order to get a view of its political value. On the other hand, studies of fascism stress the importance of discourse, metaphor in the construction of the national character, virility, supported by fascism. This character was created by family metaphors. We should investigate in which way Gadda treats these metaphors. Did he understand the discursive character of fascism? Did he use this knowledge in order to parody and criticize it? In La cognizione del dolore both nation and family are central. By consequence, it is an excellent work to investigate the appearance of fascist metaphors in it.

Derrida's relationship with psychoanalysis is very complex. On the one hand, the deconstruction intends to unmask the metaphysical character of the Freudian conceptual apparatus, on the other, Derrida does not renounceto recognize the revolutionary character of psychoanalysis, that is, its vocation to be "knowledge without alibi". Psychoanalysis today seems to be affected by a double resistance, external as well as internal, which prevents it from expressing its critical and subversive spirit. However, Derrida trusts in the to-come of psychoanalysis, provided that it deals with the great ethical, political and juridical transformations underway, starting from the crucial questions of cruelty and the instinct to master [Bemächtigungstrieb], which are at the origin of ipseity and the ghost of sovereignty. Keywords: Cruelty, Derrida, Instinct to Master [Bemächtigungstrieb], Psychoanalysis, Sovereignty ; Derrida's relationship with psychoanalysis is very complex. On the one hand, the deconstruction intends to unmask the metaphysical character of the Freudian conceptual apparatus, on the other, Derrida does not renounceto recognize the revolutionary character of psychoanalysis, that is, its vocation to be "knowledge without alibi". Psychoanalysis today seems to be affected by a double resistance, external as well as internal, which prevents it from expressing its critical and subversive spirit. However, Derrida trusts in the to-come of psychoanalysis, provided that it deals with the great ethical, political and juridical transformations underway, starting from the crucial questions of cruelty and the instinct to master [Bemächtigungstrieb], which are at the origin of ipseity and the ghost of sovereignty. Keywords: Cruelty, Derrida, Instinct to Master [Bemächtigungstrieb], Psychoanalysis, Sovereignty

Il contributo, prendendo spunto da un recente intervento legislativo (art. 7, co. 1, d.lgs. 19 gennaio 2017, n. 3) in tema di limiti al sindacato sugli atti (prevalentemente sanzionatori) della AGCM, mira a delineare il concetto di full jurisdiction quale mezzo di compensazione ex post dei limiti del procedimento amministrativo. Esso, pur con le sue perduranti incertezze, ha trovato la sua più coerente espressione proprio nel settore delle sanzioni amministrative. In particolare, in tale ambito, non è consentito ipotizzare l'esistenza di aree di merito amministrativo, dovendosi invece riconoscere una piena continuità tra il potere esercitato dalla Amministrazione e quello del giudice dell'opposizione (che quindi deve poter sindacare la fondatezza della pretesa sanzionatoria ex novo et integro). Nessun dubbio, poi, può aversi quanto alla necessità di un sindacato sostitutorio in relazione a scelte tecniche complesse. In questo contesto, l'art. 7 cit., in quanto diretto a limitare il sindacato giurisdizionale su scelte tecniche complesse appare, prima ancora che incostituzionale per difetto di delega, in contrasto con gli artt. 6 CEDU e 47 della Carta di Nizza. Se ne propone quindi un'interpretazione correttiva. ; The essay, taking a cue from a recent legislative intervention (Art. 7, par. 1, of Legislative Decree 19 January 2017, no. 3) limiting the judicial review in the field of antitrust administrative decisions (mainly sanctions), aims at outlining the concept of full jurisdiction as an instrument of ex post compensation of the shortcomings of the administrative phase. This concept, notwithstanding various uncertainties, has found in the criminal field (i.e., in relation to administrative sanctions) its most coherent expression. In particular, in this field, no administrative merit is conceivable. By contrast, a full continuity between the powers exercised respectively by the Administration and the Court needs to be recognized, with the result that the Court should be vested with the power of an ex novo and integro examination of all the grounds of the sanction. Moreover, a full judicial scrutiny of complex technical assessments is required. In this respect, the mentioned Art. 7, intended to limit the judicial review on complex technical assessments appears not only unconstitutional for lack of legislative delegation, but also in violation of art. 6 ECHR as well as of Art. 47 of the Charter of Nice and therefore requires a corrective interpretation, as proposed in the essay.

T. Flavius Claudius Sulpicianus, senator and father-in-law of Emperor Pertinax (JanuaryMarch 193), after Pertinax's killing, he plotted to become himself worthy of the highest dignity. However, full clarity still lacks about the origins of the character and his relationship with the known Pertinax's successors: Didius Iulianus and, in particular, Septimius Severus. I will try to propose a brief analysis about every document, literary and epigraphic ones, in consideration of the lexical register and historical-geographical context. This examination will be functional to understand the socio-political environment of the main character of this paper and, thus, to suggest new and broader reflections on the relationship between political power and the traditional cultural Roman aristocracies. ; 1 ; open ; Non definito ; open ; Gritti, Elena ; Gritti, Elena

[Eliot, the temporal power and the spiritual one. With the translation of «Murder in the Cathedral» and its original text] Murder in the Cathedral was written by Eliot in 1935 and represented the same year in Canterbury. The chief character is the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Beckt, for a long time Chancellor of the King of England, Henry the Second. After a good friendship in the political questions, they didn't accord on the relation between spiritual and temporal power. The spiritual power, from the point of view of Beckt, resigned as Chancellor of State, was the Pope's power. I.e., a power that first is of God and then of Pope, a power that is higher of temporal power, a power that is the supreme guide for State and Church. Beckt dies on December 29th, 1170. Four Knights kill him by their swords, in the name of King. So the temporal power, in spite of Middle Ages, triumphs on the spiritual power. Dante and Shakespeare are still far-off. The Chorus, an another important character, expression of the poor people, closes the poetical drama with an invocation to God, Christ and Beckt.

The paper aims at dealing with the didactic experience realized between 2018 and 2019 in two classes of the comprehensive school Bartolini in Vaiano, near Prato. After some meeting with a local expert, and the utilisation of a laboratorial didactic, the class has realised an exhibition about the Resistance movement and it concentrates it on the character of Licio Nencetti, a partisan dead in 1944.