Suchergebnisse

Pt. 1 contains historial interpretations and provides a number of general themes, a.o. female rulers and feminist thought in ancient China, influences of foreign cultures on the Chinese woman, the Chinese woman past and present, historical roots of changes in women's status in modern China. The brief autobiographical sketches in Pt. 2 offer individual perspectives on Chinese women's lives in the first half of the 20th century. These women come from different regions of China, from different family backgrounds, and from different socio-economic groups, and have different levels of education. (DÜI-Alb)

This article is an introduction to the entire issue. The seven papers which follow are brought together within the categories of psychocultural orientation, kin-oriented social organization, segmentary sociopolitical organization host culture environment, and foreign born generation. The social organization of overseas Chinese communities must be adaptive to the cultural environment of their host nations. Yet the resulting minority institutions have segmentary and kinship oriented patterns that bear similarities from country to country and retain an affinity with Chinese tradition. The alien host culture also may determine the course of assimilation or separation of overseas Chinese. The bicultural conflicts facing young overseas Chinese, as well as the social organization of their communities, show a psychological core of Chinese ethnicity, consisting of the attributes of continuity, inclusiveness, authority, and asexuality.

Ausgehend von der Diskussion westlicher Sinologen (M. C. Wright, J. P. Harrison, R. R. Levenson) über "culturalism and nationalism" in China behandelt der Autor den chinesischen Nationalismus - vor allem im 20. Jahrhundert, insbesondere das Verhältnis der Han-Chinesen zu den nationalen Minderheiten und das Verhältnis zwischen der VR China, Taiwan, Hongkong und Macao sowie deren zukünftige Wiedervereinigung und schließlich das Verhältnis der VR China zu den Nachbarstaaten. (APCh-Kmp)

The past two centuries have witnessed tremendous upheavals in every aspect of Chinese culture and society. At the level of everyday life, some of the most remarkable transformations have occurred in the realm of gender. Chinese Femininities/Chinese Masculinities is a mix of illuminating historical and ethnographic studies of gender from the 1700s to the present. The essays in this highly creative collection are organized in pairs that alternate in focus between femininity and masculinity, between subjects traditionally associated with feminism (such as family life) and those rarely considered from a gendered point of view (like banditry). The chapters provide a wealth of interesting detail on such varied topics as court cases involving widows and homosexuals; ideal spouses of early-twentieth-century radicals; changing images of prostitutes; the masculinity of qigong masters; sexuality in the era of reform; and the eroticization of minorities. While most of the essays were specifically written for this volume, a few are reprinted as a testament to their enduring value. Exploring the central role of gender as an organizing principle of Chinese social life, Chinese Femininities/ Chinese Masculinities is an innovative reader that will spark new debate in a wide range of disciplines

The post-Suharto era is an exciting period for Chinese Indonesians and other minority ethnic groups in Indonesia. After over three decades of cultural and political repression, Chinese Indonesians are now being given the opportunity to express their identity. The re-emergence of Chinese religion, language, and press in Indonesia since the end of the New Order, has had a significant impact on the development of ethnic Chinese identity. The strongly anti-Chinese sentiment expressed in the May 1998 riots in Jakarta and elsewhere in Indonesia, including the looting of Chinese-owned shops and businesses and the racially-motivated rapes, drastically altered the position of the ethnic Chinese in Indonesia. Psychologists from the University of Indonesia who studied the post-trauma experience of Indonesian Chinese have pointed to the identity crisis they experienced in the aftermath of the riots.

Recent accounts of Chinese families, e.g. in the cross-cultural family therapy literature, perpetuate a rather negative and oversimplified stereotype of "the Chinese family". Extreme patriarchal, conservative patterns of behavior are said to lead to poor communication, tensions, bitterness and psychological problems. South Chinese fishing families work according to a different ideal of behavior, and the ideal is often approximated in practice. It allows good communication and flexible interpersonal behavior in a traditional context. Other such traditional yet humane ideals are noted. Chinese families can draw on theirown traditions for good models, rather than needing to adopt western models of family behaviour, as some family therapists advise.