Suchergebnisse

Tonga is an Archipelago in the south Pacific Ocean, south of Samoa. The public health brief project is on chronic diseases in Tonga. The total population of Tonga was 107,122 in 2010. The Free Wesleyan Church of Tonga is the established religion in Tonga. Tongan's make up the majority of the population but there are other ethnicities such as Euromericans and Europeans too. The major challenges faced by Tonga are decaying infrastructure, low economy, and political corruption. The widespread of non-communicable diseases such as cancer is a major health issue in Tonga. 74% of all adults in Tonga are the victim of these diseases. More than half of the total population is affected by the non-communicable diseases. There is no specific treatment available to cure non-communicable diseases. Vaccines and immunizations are ineffective against these diseases. However, certain measures can be taken to reduce the sufferings of the affected. Primary prevention should be the main aim to prevent chronic diseases. Most of the chronic diseases are incurable. Unhealthy diet, tobacco use, and physical inactivity are the essential causes of chronic diseases.

The research reported in this paper is a project of the Australian Primary Health Care Research Institute, which is supported by a grant from the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing under the Primary Health Care Research, Evaluation and Development Strategy.

Intro -- DISABILITY AND CHRONIC DISEASE -- DISABILITY AND CHRONIC DISEASE -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- Chapter 1 DISABILITY AND CHRONIC DISEASE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- ONCE UPON A TIME -- CHRONIC DISEASE -- REFERENCES -- SECTION ONE: DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES -- Chapter 2 TEACHING YOUNG MOTHERS TO IDENTIFY DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Identification, intervention and surveillance -- Development and child maltreatment -- Intervention for child maltreatment -- OUR STUDY -- Setting -- Materials -- Observation system -- Reliability -- Experimental procedure -- Intervention -- FINDINGS -- Reliability -- Consumer Satisfaction Results -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 CATEGORIZATION ACTIVITIES PERFORMED BY CHILDREN WITH AN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY AND TYPICALLY DEVELOPING CHILDREN -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- OUR SAMPLE -- Material -- Procedure -- Coding criteria and data analysis -- FINDINGS -- Type of first choice (taxonomic, thematic or perceptual) -- Type of second choice in relation to the first one -- Nature of the justifications given by children for the three ontological domains -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- APPENDIX: LIST OF ITEMS IN THE MATCH-TO-SAMPLE TASK -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 DON'T TAG ME MENTALLY RETARDED AS I AM NORMAL -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CASE STUDY RESEARCH -- A CASE STUDY -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 THE THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS IN CEREBRAL PALSY -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PHYSIOTHERAPY -- OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY -- NEURODEVELOPMENTAL TRAINING (NDT) -- SENSORY INTEGRATION (SI) -- ELECTRICAL STIMULATION -- BODY WEIGHT SUPPORT TREADMILL TRAINING -- CONDUCTIVE EDUCATION -- PATTERNING -- CONSTRAINT-INDUCED THERAPY -- HIPPOTHERAPY -- HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY -- ACUPUNCTURE.

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: A New Roadmap for Development of a PRO Measure -- 1: Overview -- Patient-Reported Outcome as a Concept -- Scope for the Use of PROs -- Assessing PROs in Long-Term Conditions -- Approaches to Measuring PROs -- Aims and Objectives -- References -- 2: Approaches to the Development and Use of PRO Measures: A New Roadmap -- Characteristics of a PROM: Core Measurement Attributes -- Conceptual Framework -- Measurement Models and Scoring Algorithms -- Acceptability and Practicality -- Validity -- Content Validity -- Construct Validity -- Criterion Validity -- Reliability -- Internal Consistency -- Split-Half Reliability -- Inter-Rater Reliability -- Temporal Stability (Test-Retest Reliability) -- Responsiveness -- Interpretability -- Characteristics of a PROM: Additional Attributes -- Response Scales -- Frame of Reference -- Mode of Administration -- Interview Format -- Paper-and-Pencil Self-Completion -- Electronic PRO (ePRO) Self-Completion -- Interactive Voice Response (IVR) Self-Completion -- A Roadmap for the Development of a PROM -- Step 1: Define Objectives of Development of the PROM -- Step 2: Generate Hypothesis and Conceptualise the PROM: Disease Model/Hypothetical Conceptual Physico-Psychosocial Model -- Review of Literature and PROMs -- Disease Burden -- Appraisal of Relevant PROMs -- Development of Hypothetical Conceptual Framework -- Step 3: Gather and Select Item Concepts: Concept Elicitation/Qualitative Research -- Eliciting Patient Input: Investigating the Experience of Patients Using Qualitative Research Methods -- Step 4: Design and Build the PROM: Content Definition/Item Generation -- Step 5: Refine the PROM's Content: Cognitive Debriefing/Content Validation Panels -- Cognitive Interviews -- Expert Panel for Content Validation -- Step 6: Explore PROM's Practicality and Applicability.

Law is a tool that can be used to shape both private and government conduct so as to impact public health. There are at least seven different techniques of legal intervention, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. These techniques are: direct regulation through command and coercion; economic incentives to encourage private parties to behave in a particular way; indirect regulation through private enforcement such as tort law; altering the informational environment; directly providing services or infrastructure to the public; government acting as a "model citizen" with respect to its employees and facilities; and, inducing other levels of government to take appropriate steps.

HighlightsThe Caribbean sub-region has the highest premature mortality from NCD in the Americas.Sustained political leadership and multisectoral action to prevent and control NCD is required.Scale-up of technical and financial support to SIDS by the international community is needed.

Objective: analyze one case of nurse's clinical care at the primary health care (PHC) level. Method: qualitative approach that shows a research cutout on nurse's clinical practice at PHC. Three nurses from Family Health teams participated in the matrix support stage. They thought through cases where they provided care, selected and narrated during support meetings, highlighting what has mobilized them, which were their concerns, what they thought at the time of service, and what they think at the time of case report. Result: we analyze the case of a woman with chronic illnesses in mental health, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity that emerge throughout her life. The nurse takes an attentive and respectful listening position, seeking to develop autonomy through user's awareness of her own situation. Conclusion: it is concluded that the nurse has powerful tools for longitudinal monitoring that go far beyond the disease.