Suchergebnisse

A method for segmenting large textual corpora in uniform periods. Firstly, vocabulary growth is adjusted by calculating the trend. Then a segmentation algorithm, associated with validity tests, indicates the optimal succession in distinct periods. This method is applied to the "Queen's speeches" which have been given by the Quebec government at the beginning of each parliamentary session since 1867 and up until 2009. ; Méthode originale pour segmenter un corpus chronologique en périodes homogènes. On calcule l'accroissement du vocabulaire et son ajustement par une tendance. Un algorithme de segmentation associé à des tests de validité donne le découpage optimal du corpus. Une série d'indicateurs mesure l'ampleur des mouvements de vocabulaire caractérisant chacune des périodes. Application aux déclarations du gouvernement québécois à l'ouverture de chaque session du parlement provincial de 1867 à 2009.

A method for segmenting large textual corpora in uniform periods. Firstly, vocabulary growth is adjusted by calculating the trend. Then a segmentation algorithm, associated with validity tests, indicates the optimal succession in distinct periods. This method is applied to the "Queen's speeches" which have been given by the Quebec government at the beginning of each parliamentary session since 1867 and up until 2009. ; Méthode originale pour segmenter un corpus chronologique en périodes homogènes. On calcule l'accroissement du vocabulaire et son ajustement par une tendance. Un algorithme de segmentation associé à des tests de validité donne le découpage optimal du corpus. Une série d'indicateurs mesure l'ampleur des mouvements de vocabulaire caractérisant chacune des périodes. Application aux déclarations du gouvernement québécois à l'ouverture de chaque session du parlement provincial de 1867 à 2009.

A method for segmenting large textual corpora in uniform periods. Firstly, vocabulary growth is adjusted by calculating the trend. Then a segmentation algorithm, associated with validity tests, indicates the optimal succession in distinct periods. This method is applied to the "Queen's speeches" which have been given by the Quebec government at the beginning of each parliamentary session since 1867 and up until 2009. ; Méthode originale pour segmenter un corpus chronologique en périodes homogènes. On calcule l'accroissement du vocabulaire et son ajustement par une tendance. Un algorithme de segmentation associé à des tests de validité donne le découpage optimal du corpus. Une série d'indicateurs mesure l'ampleur des mouvements de vocabulaire caractérisant chacune des périodes. Application aux déclarations du gouvernement québécois à l'ouverture de chaque session du parlement provincial de 1867 à 2009.

"The main goal of this book is to analyze Turkish foreign policy towards Bosnia and Herzegovina under the AKP to as well as the networks of Turkish and local actors in Bosnia that support it. Dino Mujadžević looks into how the discourses and actors that emerged in this framework - both in Turkey and as part of Bosnian pro-Turkish activism - interact and respond to each other, and how they have been adapting to the local challenges. Also, Turkish foreign policy under the AKP and its allies in Bosnia is approached as being part of the phenomena related to mainstream Islamic conservativism in both countries. The period selected (2002-2014) represents a chronological section identified by the AKP rule, which most researchers see as an era of the dominance of so-called Neo-Ottomanism in Turkish official and non-official foreign policies towards the Balkans. Asserting Turkey in Bosnia assesses the influence of Turkish foreign policy on Bosnian Muslims, especially among Islamic conservatives, as well as regional reactions to these processes. The focus of this book is on the study of textual sources, including digitized ones. Interpretative analyses in the book rely on the theoretical framework of the Critical Discourse Analysis, which will be implemented through pure qualitative methods as well as the corpus method, a synergy between qualitative and empirical-quantitative approaches"--

AbstractThe study of language contact in the ancient world has been an area of huge growth over the past ten years. However, in areas of the ancient world where sources are more limited, scholars have been more hesitant to make sweeping claims about the nature of language contact, even in communities where societal bilingualism is likely to have existed for many centuries. Languages only attested in fragmentary epigraphic corpora are considered the ultimate "bad data" and have not always received a great deal of attention in historical sociolinguistics, despite these texts representing our best evidence of many of the communities across the ancient Mediterranean. In response to this problem, this article asks how we should go about interpreting the evidence of ancient language contact in small or fragmentary corpora of texts. This article uses the Oscan corpus from Southern Italy (Lucania, Bruttium and Messina) c. 400-50 BCE as a case study for examining bilingualism in a fragmentary corpus. It outlines the data gathered from a range of different text-types from Southern Italy, the different kinds of contact phenomena which have been found in these texts, and whether there are any discernible patterns in the data. It argues, because of the fragmentary state of the Oscan corpus, that there is little clear evidence of chronological or geographic differentiation in levels of bilingualism. Rather, the evidence shows that in this corpus some text-types are more likely than others to contain contact phenomena. With this in mind, this paper proposes a new model which includes consideration of text-type for the interpretation of language contact and bilingualism in fragmentary corpora.

I. Political discourses in French : Charles de Gaulle. 79 texts (titles : DG + rank number) : all the TV-broadcast speeches and press conferences between June 1958 and March 1959 (201 927 words); Francois Mitterrand : 68 texts (titles : FM + year/month/day) : all the TV-broadcast speeches and press conferences between July 1981 and March 1987 (305 215 words) ; Canadian Political Discourse. 47 texts (titles : Ctrone + year) : all the "speeches of the Throne" by the Canadian Prime Ministers between 1945 and 2 000 (147 267 words) ; Quebecker Political Discourse. 48 texts (titles : Qtrone + year) all the "speeches of the Throne" by the Quebecker Prime Ministers between 1945 and 2000 (204 212 words) ; French Political Discourse. 48 texts (titles : Fdecla + year) : all the "declarations d'investiture" by French Prime Ministers between 1945 and 1997 (258 779 words) ; II. French Theather of the XVIIth century : Corneille. All the 34 plays by Pierre Corneille. The title of each file begins with the number of the text in the electronic archives of the Institut National de la Langue Francaise (INaLF) + the main word in the title of the play. NB : the INaLF's number is a chronological one. For example, "300Melite" is the first play by Corneille. (553 190 words) ; Moliere. All the 32 plays by Jean-Baptiste Poquelin-Moliere. Title : INaLF's archives number + main word in the title of the play. NB : the INaLF's number is a chronological one (364 963 words) ; Racine. All the 12 plays by Jean Racine. (Title : INaLF's archives number + main word in the title of the play. NB : the INaLF's number is a chronological one) 166 626 words ; III. Corpus Brunet: 50 excerpts of 11 French authors (Balzac, Chateaubriand, Flaubert, Marivaux, Maupassant, Proust, Rousseau, Sand, Vernes, Voltaire, Zola) chosen by Prof. Etienne Brunet for a "double blind" experiment with authorship attribution (436 748 words). IV. Documentation: Articles and various papers concerning these corpora and/or methods used by the authors are collected in a file entitled : "Documentation". V. Tools: 10 software packages dedicated to data analysis applied to these tagged corpora, are contained in the file "Outils". The directions for use in regard to each one are presented in a file the title of which is ending by : "…Lisez_moi"

The increasing impact of English upon Spanish pervades not only its lexicon, but also its morphology. The goal of the article is to see if the revival of several affixes in Spanish is likely due to English influence. These affixes, available in the classic languages, have mainly come down to us through Latin, even though some of them are Greek in origin. This article focuses on the revival of several of these classic affixes that are highly productive in Present-Day Spanish. The data have been retrieved from a corpus containing twenty-first-century written texts in European Spanish and have been compared to information from other corpora and several lexicographic works both in English and Spanish. The resources that are mentioned enable the chronological order of the recording of the items to be traced. This timeline will help to establish the influence of the English lexical units in the coinage of their Spanish counterparts.

This paper analyses a corpus of UK policy documents which sets out national security policy as an exemplar of the contemporary discourse of counter-terrorism in Europe, the USA and worldwide. A corpus of 148 documents (c. 2.8 million words) was assembled to reflect the security discourse produced by the UK government before and after the 7/7 attacks on the London Transport system. To enable a chronological comparison, the two sub-corpora were defined: one relating to a discourse of citizenship and community cohesion (2001–2006); and one relating to the 'Preventing Violent Extremism' discourse (2007–2011). Wordsmith Tools (Scott 2008) was used to investigate keywords and patterns of collocation. The results present themes emerging from a comparative analysis of the 100 strongest keywords in each sub-corpus; as well as a qualitative analysis of related patterns of the collocation, focusing in particular on features of connotation and semantic prosody.

This paper analyses a corpus of UK policy documents which sets out national security policy as an exemplar of the contemporary discourse of counter-terrorism in Europe, the USA and worldwide. A corpus of 148 documents (c. 2.8 million words) was assembled to reflect the security discourse produced by the UK government before and after the 7/7 attacks on the London Transport system. To enable a chronological comparison, the two sub-corpora were defined: one relating to a discourse of citizenship and community cohesion (2001-2006); and one relating to the 'Preventing Violent Extremism' discourse (2007-2011). Wordsmith Tools (Scott 2008) was used to investigate keywords and patterns of collocation. The results present themes emerging from a comparative analysis of the 100 strongest keywords in each sub-corpus; as well as a qualitative analysis of related patterns of the collocation, focusing in particular on features of connotation and semantic prosody.

The main aim of the article was to determine the key ways in which the United States of America conducts its foreign policy in the post-Soviet countries. The methods of observation, comparative analysis, and the principle of chronological sequence were used to study the U.S. foreign policy and its implementation. The article was based on empirical research methods, studying facts and analysing causes and consequences of the countries policy. Firstly, the authors highlight the ways of economic cooperation, exactly, the activities of transnational corpora-tions in the former socialist republics. In addition, the authors characterized the influence of transnational corporations. Secondly, it was pointed out that the U.S. actively implemented such method as support "colour revolutions" in the process of pursuit of their political interests in the post-Soviet territory. Thirdly, the United States seeks to establish ties with the countries of the former Soviet Union, primari-ly Central Asia, to ensure security in the region and in Afghanistan. The C5+1 initi-ative, Northern Distribution Network, were developed for greater involvement in security issues. Fourthly, following the principles of "soft power", American politi-cians actively use the tools of public diplomacy, communication, support of civil society.

The beginnings of professional philosophy in Russia are connected with the emergence of a se­cular system of education in the 18th century (Academic and Moscow Universities). For the first two centuries, philosophy occupied, though notably, a peripheral position in St Pe-tersburg's academic science. The situation changed in Soviet times with the emergence of the public university, when philosophy was given an ideological and educational role. The main focus of this research is the collective biography of philosophers at St. Petersburg Uni-versity which is being restored through several periods in the history of professional philoso-phy in St. Petersburg: 1) biographies of philosophers of the 'Academic University' and the period of the Main Institute of Education (in wide chronological framework of 1724–1819); 2) biographies of philosophers of the
'Imperial University' (1819–1919); 3) biographies of philosophers in the 'Age of Transformation' (period of Faculty of Social Sciences, Historical and Linguistic Faculty) (1918–1930s); 4) biographies of scientists from the School of Philos-ophy of the Moscow School of Economics. ); 4) bio­graphies of academics in the Faculty of Philosophy (1940–2013). In order to draw a collective portrait of the corporation of universi-ty philosophers, prosopography methods are used to trace the dynamics of the processes tak-ing place in the professional community. The quantitative changes of the philosophers of St. Petersburg/Leningrad University are noted and compared with another professional corpora-tion - university historians. It is noted that the study is based on the database – electronic dic-tionary «Philosophers of St. Petersburg University».

In recent years, historical research on the pre-colonial period in the area between the Zambezi and Limpopo has almost ground to a standstill. A number of seminal works on the economic and social history of the area appeared in the 1960s and 1970s, each of which were underpinned by the documentary legacy of the Portuguese presence in the region from the beginning of the 16th century. Since the 1990s, it has been archaeologists that have taken up the mantle of post-1500 history, but the corpora of documentary material available is now seldom used systematically or to any great length. This article revisits the use and availability of historical documents for the study of African society in this region prior to 1840, specifically by presenting a newly constructed database of c.1,140 published and unpublished documents of relevance to African society, economy and the environment. The need for this database is first set into context by a critical overview of two of the major historiographies in pre-colonial economic and social history in this region – those of the relationships between trade and politics and drought and food production – from which a series of common problems are identified. The database is then introduced, together with an analysis of its chronological and spatial coverage and a discussion of the availability and accessibility of the documents. The article concludes by pointing to some potential future directions for a revival of pre-colonial economic and social history in south-east Africa north of the Limpopo, to which renewed interrogation of the wider range of documentary material collated here can contribute.

Speeches produced by political parties are often considered as "repetitive and non-informative". Yet, over time such speeches can yield extremely valuable information as we show here by applying statistical methods to Chronological text series. When examined, a compilation of reports presented during the eight congresses of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), held between 1982 and 2017 (§1), reveals variations of vocabulary over time in the form of Textual highlights which point out key moments in lexical evolution (§2). Textometric analysis provides a critical perspective towards the tokenization of texts into words as operated by automatic tokenizers of Chinese. More efficient methods for the observation of lexical variations, linked to the political changes in progress, are then presented (§3). Finally, a constant evolution of the enunciation style during the observed period, is highlighted (§4). Such evolution is particularly relevant to frequent word variations, which are often discarded by discourse researchers, under pretext that they convey less information. The methodology described in this study is applicable to a very wide range of textual corpora. ; Les discours produits par les partis politiques sont souvent considérés comme "répétitifs et dépourvus de caractère informatif". Nous montrons, sur l'exemple d'une série textuelle chronologique, que ces corpus peuvent au contraire contenir des renseignements extrêmement précieux sur l'évolution des textes dans le temps. Notre étude concerne une série de rapports présentés durant les huit congrès du Parti Communiste Chinois (PCC), survenus entre 1982 et 2017 (§1). Les méthodes de la veille textuelle textométrique mettent en évidence des variations du vocabulaire au fil du temps et des moments-clés dans cette évolution (§2). Le dépouillement textométrique permet de porter un regard critique sur la segmentation des textes en mots, opérée par les segmenteurs automatiques du chinois, et de présenter des méthodes plus efficaces pour l'observation des variations ...

AbstractThe Provincial Cemeteries of Naga ed-Deir:A Comprehensive Study of Tomb ModelsDating from the Late Old Kingdom to the Late Middle KingdomByKarin Roberta KroenkeDoctor of Philosophy in Near Eastern StudiesUniversity of California, BerkeleyDr. Carol Redmount, ChairIn her 1989 study of ancient Egyptian tomb models and related material, Angela Tooley noted that, although models are known to have originated in northern Upper Egypt between the sites of Naga ed-Deir and Rifeh, few models from the region are actually published. In her analysis she was able to include only eight models excavated from the Naga ed-Deir cemeteries, which were documented in a few unpublished excavation photographs. As a result, not only were Tooley's specific findings on the Naga ed-Deir model corpus limited, but some of her general conclusions regarding the chronological and regional developments of tomb model types were problematic. The collection of tomb models from Naga ed-Deir is significant because it is extensive, it spans the major phases of model production from the late Old Kingdom to the late Middle Kingdom, and it is well documented. The tomb models were recovered during the excavations lead by George A. Reisner under the auspices of the Hearst Egyptian Expedition and the joint Harvard University/Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Expedition between 1901 and 1924. Tomb models were found in 62 documented tombs and other, unrecorded contexts. The entire known corpus of models from Naga ed-Deir is included in the present study: 25 single statuettes, 15 scenes and 553 fragments of single, paired and grouped compositions. The majority of the models occur in Tooley's established core repertoire: boats, people carrying supplies, granaries and kitchens. Other less common categories of models not in Tooley's core group are entertainment, craft production, military combat, priests and overseers. Most of the models are today housed in the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology, Berkeley; additional material is in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and the Egyptian Museum, Cairo. The goals of this dissertation were twofold: first, to produce a detailed analysis of the tomb models in each phase of production represented at Naga ed-Deir; and second, to compare this material with Tooley's chronological scheme for Egypt as a whole and her identification of regional patterns for Upper Egypt, in order to determine how Naga ed-Deir conformed to, or differed from, her identified trends. I studied the archaeological context of the Naga ed-Deir models, noting patterns in tomb distribution, grave types and tomb inscriptions, as well as the quality and range of the associated burial goods. In addition, I noted trends in the disposition of the models within the tombs. My study revealed patterns in social status and gender of ownership, typology, forms, materials, production techniques, artistic styles, qualities and quantities for the models. I analyzed changes in these patterns over time to illustrate the evolution of the tomb model corpus at this site. In my comparisons of the Naga ed-Deir data with Tooley's findings, I observed many similarities in the social ranks and genders of model owners. While some model disposition patterns at Naga ed-Deir are comparable to Tooley's findings, there also seem to be differences in model placement and orientation. Since my analysis was based on limited data, however, the results cannot be more conclusive. In my investigation of the models themselves, I found some aspects of the Naga ed-Deir corpus to be comparable to those from other sites, and others to be unique to Naga ed-Deir. In particular, it is the prevalence of a variety of late Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period model types that makes the tomb model repertoire from this provincial site so significant. My examination of the extensive and well-documented Naga ed-Deir tomb model corpus is significant because it fills a void in our knowledge of tomb model corpora in the northern region of Upper Egypt. My findings reinforce some of Tooley's general conclusions regarding the chronological development of model production throughout Egypt and the regional patterning that occurs within Upper Egypt, and contradict others.

Speeches produced by political parties are often considered as "repetitive and non-informative". Yet, over time such speeches can yield extremely valuable information as we show here by applying statistical methods to Chronological text series. When examined, a compilation of reports presented during the eight congresses of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), held between 1982 and 2017 (§1), reveals variations of vocabulary over time in the form of Textual highlights which point out key moments in lexical evolution (§2). Textometric analysis provides a critical perspective towards the tokenization of texts into words as operated by automatic tokenizers of Chinese. More efficient methods for the observation of lexical variations, linked to the political changes in progress, are then presented (§3). Finally, a constant evolution of the enunciation style during the observed period, is highlighted (§4). Such evolution is particularly relevant to frequent word variations, which are often discarded by discourse researchers, under pretext that they convey less information. The methodology described in this study is applicable to a very wide range of textual corpora. ; Les discours produits par les partis politiques sont souvent considérés comme "répétitifs et dépourvus de caractère informatif". Nous montrons, sur l'exemple d'une série textuelle chronologique, que ces corpus peuvent au contraire contenir des renseignements extrêmement précieux sur l'évolution des textes dans le temps. Notre étude concerne une série de rapports présentés durant les huit congrès du Parti Communiste Chinois (PCC), survenus entre 1982 et 2017 (§1). Les méthodes de la veille textuelle textométrique mettent en évidence des variations du vocabulaire au fil du temps et des moments-clés dans cette évolution (§2). Le dépouillement textométrique permet de porter un regard critique sur la segmentation des textes en mots, opérée par les segmenteurs automatiques du chinois, et de présenter des méthodes plus efficaces pour l'observation des variations lexicales, liées aux changements politiques en cours (§3). Durant la période observée, le style d'énonciation subit une évolution profonde et continue. Cette dernière transformation concerne particulièrement les variations de la fréquence de "mots-outils", souvent négligés dans les recherches quantitatives sur le discours sous le prétexte qu'ils véhiculeraient moins d'information (§4). L'ensemble des méthodes décrites dans la présente étude est applicable à une très large gamme de corpus textuels.