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A review essay on books by (1) Jeffrey Cole, The New Racism in Europe: A Sicilian Ethnography (Cambridge: Cambridge U Press, 1997); (2) Juan Jose Lahuerta, Le Corbusier y Espana ([Le Corbusier and Spain] Barcelona: Centre Cultura Contemporania Barcelona, 1997); (3) Donald McNeill, Urban Change and the European Left: Tales from the New Barcelona (London & New York, Routledge, 1999); (4) Jean-Luc Pinol, Atlas historico de ciudades europeas: Francia ([Historical Atlas of European Cities: France] Barcelona: Centre Cultura Contemporania Barcelona/Salvat, 1999); (5) Joan Pujola, De que vas, tio? ([What's Happening, Dude?] Barcelona: Empuries, 1997); & (6) Rosemary Wakeman, Modernizing the Provincial City, Toulouse 1945-47 (Cambridge: Harvard U Press, 1997). These works address the status of European Mediterranean cities as new types of global cities, highlighting their potential as models of sustainable development & environmental planning. They cover a broad base of perspectives from architects, historians, anthropologists, & linguists on issues of urban planning, policy, & social change. Cole offers ethnographic evidence collected 1988-1990 to document the persistence of classist & racist stereotypes regarding immigrants among the working & middle classes of Palermo, Italy, centered around new immigrants arriving in Sicily from the South. The politicization of immigration issues is noted. Lahuerta's edited collection of essays chronicles the contributions of urban architect Le Corbusier to the development of Barcelona, Spain, in the early 20th century, bringing to light new political influences on his work. McNeill moves ahead to the period following Francisco Franco's dictatorship to examine political factors in the urban discourses of Barcelona. He critiques the New Left & its urban reforms under socialist mayor Pasqual Maragall, extending the analysis to other socialist urban discourses throughout Europe. In another analysis of Barcelona, Pujolar examines language use & identity among working-class adolescents, focusing on changes to the Catalan language & its conflicts with Castilian as examples of the politics of language & national identity. Pinol's collection provides a comprehensive, illustrated guide to France & makes an excellent reference atlas that also manages to link various urban architectures to political & economic factors. Wakeman focuses on the city of Toulouse & its development as both an aerospace & cultural center in Europe in the immediate post-WWII era, placing this path of urban modernization within the context of political & economic changes across different decades in the city & in France as a whole. 21 References. K. Hyatt Stewart

The local industry mix provides the conventional framework within which a city's economic position & prospects are evaluated & its redevelopment is planned. The industrial approach has been complemented here with an occupational-functional approach that measures the comparative advantage -- competitive position -- of a given Ur area along five broad paths of economic development: entrepreneurship, central management, research & development, precision operations, & routine operations. Looking beyond the products a city makes to the roles it plays & the skills it performs shifts emphasis from the immediate fortunes of a given industry & the direct flow of current income to the long-run power & potential of local resources, especially human resources. This new perspective is also more sensitive to state & local public policy. Illustrations are provided of ways in which educational & other strategies have been used implicitly & could be planned more explicitly to guide cities through the difficult years of industrial transition. In Questions and Answers, Thompson responds to several comments made by: Jean Marie Enrecq (Regional & Ur Planning, Nord-Pas-de Calais Regional Council, France), Yale Rabin (U of Virginia, Charlottesville), & Barbara A. Coscarello. Modified HA

It is argued that since 1972 (the end of the post-WWII economic boom), legitimate efforts at Ur renewal designed to meet the material needs of city residents & workers have given way to glitzy, image-conscious renovations characterized by a dedication to aesthetics over ethics. The pressure for cities to develop new economic survival strategies is described, & the inter-Ur competition that has resulted is criticized. The limitations of this new cosmopolitanism, generated by a "voodoo economics" that masks social malaise under a pleasant facade, are discussed, & a call is made for a return to Ur development policies that are more in line with larger social, economic, & political goals. 2 Photographs. K. Hyatt

The local industry mix provides the conventional framework within which a city's economic position and prospects are evaluated and its redevelopment is planned. The industrial approach has been complemented here with an occupational-functional approach that measures the comparative advantage—competitive position—of a given urban area along five broad paths of economic development: entrepreneurship, central management, research and development, precision operations, and routine operations. Looking beyond the products a city makes to the roles it plays and the skills it performs shifts the emphasis from the immediate fortunes of a given industry and the direct flow of current income to the long-run power and potential of local resources, especially human resources. This new perspective is also more sensitive to state and local public policy, and illustrations are provided of the ways in which educational and other strategies have been used implicitly and could be planned more explicitly to guide cities through these most difficult years of industrial transition.

Reviewed in this essay:Han Meyer City and Port: Urban Planning as a Cultural Venture in London, Barcelona, New York, and Rotterdam. Changing Relations between Public Urban Space and Large Scale InfrastructureRichard Marshall (ed.) Waterfronts in Post‐Industrial CitiesRaymond W. Gastil Beyond the Edge: New York's New Waterfront