Suchergebnisse

After the proclamation of Ukraine's independence in 1991, local self-government in Ukraine is not regulatedseparately for such administrative-territorial units as cities (exceptions are cities with a special status). Most authorsonly state this fact, but do not make constructive suggestions aimed at improving the situation.The purpose of the article is to consider and analyze the modern laws of Ukraine, which implemented the legalregulation of local self-government in the cities of Ukraine.The study of the laws of Ukraine regulating local self-government gave grounds to note that the peculiarities of localself-government in cities are fragmented in the Law "On Local Self-Government in Ukraine", Electoral Code and arecompletely absent in such important laws-sources of municipal law as Law "On Voluntary Association of TerritorialCommunities", "On the Status of Deputies of Local Councils". Regarding the latest act, the following directionsof amendments aimed at differentiating the status of deputies of local councils of rural and urban settlements areproposed: differences in the rights and responsibilities of deputies of local councils and taking into account differentquantitative composition of local councils (depending on the number of members); accordingly – more or less complexinternal structure of local councils, their executive bodies.It is noted that with the adoption on February 5, 2015 of the Law "On Voluntary Association of TerritorialCommunities" at the present stage of municipal reform began to follow the trend of refusing to unify local governmentin urban and rural areas (in connection with the introduction of the institute of elders). Proposals for amendments toArt. 7 of this Law "Preparation of decisions on voluntary association of territorial communities" and on supplementingArt. 8 "Formation of a united territorial community" paragraph 1-1 in the proposed wording. ; Після проголошення незалежності України в 1991 р. місцеве самоврядування в Україні саме для таких адмі-ністративно-територіальних одиниць, як міста, не регламентується окремо (виключеннями є міста з особливимстатусом). Більшість авторів тільки констатує цей факт, але не висуває конструктивних пропозицій, спрямова-них на покращення ситуації.Метою статті є розглянути й проаналізувати сучасні закони України, в яких здійснено нормативно-правовурегламентацію місцевого самоврядування в містах України.Дослідження законів України, що регламентують місцеве самоврядування, надало підстави зазначити, щоособливості місцевого самоврядування в містах фрагментарно закріплені в Законі «Про місцеве самоврядуван-ня в Україні», Виборчому кодексі й повністю відсутні в таких важливих законах-джерелах муніципального пра-ва, як Закон «Про добровільне об'єднання територіальних громад», «Про статус депутатів місцевих рад». Щодоостаннього акту, запропоновано такі напрями внесення змін, спрямованих на диференціацію статусу депутатівмісцевих рад сільських і міських населених пунктів: наявність відмінностей у правах та обов'язках депутатівмісцевих рад і врахування різного кількісного складу місцевих рад (залежить від кількості членів територіальнихгромад) і, відповідно, більш або менш складної внутрішньої структури місцевих рад, їхніх виконавчих органів.Зазначено, що з прийняттям 5 лютого 2015 р. Закону «Про добровільне об'єднання територіальних громад»на сучасному етапі муніципальної реформи почала простежуватись тенденція щодо відмови від уніфікації місце-вого самоврядування в міських і сільських населених пунктах (у зв'язку з введенням інституту старост). Сфор-мульовано пропозиції щодо внесення змін і доповнень до ст. 7 Закону «Підготовка рішень щодо добровільногооб'єднання територіальних громад» і щодо доповнення ст. 8 «Утворення об'єднаної територіальної громади»пунктом 1-1 у запропонованій редакції.

More than ten years ago in the world has emerged the concept "smart city" and till today smart cities have developed in many countries of the world.A smart city is a place where traditional networks and services are made more efficient with the use of digital and telecommunication technologies for the benefit of its inhabitants and business [1].Any smart city, in turn, consists of a huge amount of cyber physical systems (CPSs).Cyber physical systems are smart systems that include engineered interacting networks of physical and computational components [2].The essential requirements to functioning of these systems are safety, security, reliability, resilience, confidentiality. Automated decision-making, including profiling in the personal data processing constitutes a significant part of cyber physical systems as components of smart cities.As the personal data is processed automatically, computations are performed in the "cloud" in the network of distant servers, there is a risk of various cyber threats and real cyber attacks on certain cyber physical system (as part of a smart city) which may cause a damage or losses to the personal data subject as a result of unlawful destruction, use, alteration or disclosure of the personal data.The Ukrainian legislation does not contain the concept "smart city". The unsolved problem in the Ukrainian legislation is the recognition of the personal data subject as a central element of any cyber physical system (as part of a smart city) and the necessity of ensuring balance between the fundamental rights and freedoms of the personal data subject and the rights of the data possessors, data processors, data protection officials, the authority of the Commissioner of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on human rights who gain access to the personal data by means of personal data subject consent.The comparative analysis of the Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (Regulation) [5] with the Ukrainian Law [4] which refers to various elements of the processing of personal data in different processing systems, to the rights and obligations of the data controller, the data processor, the supervisory authority with regard to ensuring lawful, secure, confidential processing of personal data is made.

More than ten years ago in the world has emerged the concept "smart city" and till today smart cities have developed in many countries of the world.A smart city is a place where traditional networks and services are made more efficient with the use of digital and telecommunication technologies for the benefit of its inhabitants and business [1].Any smart city, in turn, consists of a huge amount of cyber physical systems (CPSs).Cyber physical systems are smart systems that include engineered interacting networks of physical and computational components [2].The essential requirements to functioning of these systems are safety, security, reliability, resilience, confidentiality. Automated decision-making, including profiling in the personal data processing constitutes a significant part of cyber physical systems as components of smart cities.As the personal data is processed automatically, computations are performed in the "cloud" in the network of distant servers, there is a risk of various cyber threats and real cyber attacks on certain cyber physical system (as part of a smart city) which may cause a damage or losses to the personal data subject as a result of unlawful destruction, use, alteration or disclosure of the personal data.The Ukrainian legislation does not contain the concept "smart city". The unsolved problem in the Ukrainian legislation is the recognition of the personal data subject as a central element of any cyber physical system (as part of a smart city) and the necessity of ensuring balance between the fundamental rights and freedoms of the personal data subject and the rights of the data possessors, data processors, data protection officials, the authority of the Commissioner of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on human rights who gain access to the personal data by means of personal data subject consent.The comparative analysis of the Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (Regulation) [5] with the Ukrainian Law [4] which refers to various elements of the processing of personal data in different processing systems, to the rights and obligations of the data controller, the data processor, the supervisory authority with regard to ensuring lawful, secure, confidential processing of personal data is made.

More than ten years ago in the world has emerged the concept "smart city" and till today smart cities have developed in many countries of the world.A smart city is a place where traditional networks and services are made more efficient with the use of digital and telecommunication technologies for the benefit of its inhabitants and business [1].Any smart city, in turn, consists of a huge amount of cyber physical systems (CPSs).Cyber physical systems are smart systems that include engineered interacting networks of physical and computational components [2].The essential requirements to functioning of these systems are safety, security, reliability, resilience, confidentiality. Automated decision-making, including profiling in the personal data processing constitutes a significant part of cyber physical systems as components of smart cities.As the personal data is processed automatically, computations are performed in the "cloud" in the network of distant servers, there is a risk of various cyber threats and real cyber attacks on certain cyber physical system (as part of a smart city) which may cause a damage or losses to the personal data subject as a result of unlawful destruction, use, alteration or disclosure of the personal data.The Ukrainian legislation does not contain the concept "smart city". The unsolved problem in the Ukrainian legislation is the recognition of the personal data subject as a central element of any cyber physical system (as part of a smart city) and the necessity of ensuring balance between the fundamental rights and freedoms of the personal data subject and the rights of the data possessors, data processors, data protection officials, the authority of the Commissioner of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on human rights who gain access to the personal data by means of personal data subject consent.The comparative analysis of the Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (Regulation) [5] with the Ukrainian Law [4] which refers to various elements of the processing of personal data in different processing systems, to the rights and obligations of the data controller, the data processor, the supervisory authority with regard to ensuring lawful, secure, confidential processing of personal data is made.

The article examines the role of cities of regional importance in the Western region of Ukraine in attracting foreign direct investment. The tendencies and contribution of cities to attracting foreign direct investment of their regions for the period 2012-2017 are analyzed. Reduced investment activity in most cities of regional importance and the unevenness of their contributions to attracting foreign direct investment in their regions with the allocation of undisputed leaders and outsiders. The cities that are the leaders of their regions by this indicator and are ahead of the global ones are identified. The increase of the part of foreign direct investment in most of the analyzed cities in the structure of their foreign economic activity is proved on the basis of the analysis of the share of foreign direct investment in the structure of foreign economic activity of cities of regional importance.

Significant growth in the population of the planet, migration processes, rapid economic, political, social and technological progress have led not only to the development of the human and technical capabilities, but also to the evolution of the criminal activity. Throughout its existence the mankind has actively countered the criminal manifestations of its socially dangerous representatives, but the success of these measures was largely dependent on a well thought-out and effective strategy to prevent the crimes. The modern period of development of criminology is marked by diversity of ideas and concepts that try to explain the causes and conditions of committing the crimes, as well as to find a key "lever" in their avoidance. The XXI century is characterized by a high degree of urbanization and an outflow of people from countryside to large cities. A significant number of large cities and cities-millionaires dictate the need to ensure safety of their population from criminal acts and accidents. To this end, dozens of crime prevention programs are being developed and implemented annually at the local, regional and state levels. One of such programs is creation of a secure space, which involves the safe city-planning and architectural-spatial features that can adversely affect the criminality level of a territory, since most of situational and street crimes are committed under significant influence of a particular life situation. Thus, the effective use of these developments will significantly reduce the number of criminal offenses committed on the streets, near houses, enclosed premises and territories which are isolated and inaccessible to visual surveillance.

Розкрито географічні особливості ролі міст як центрів адміністративного управління в Україні. Показано їх значення у структурі адміністративно-територіального устрою держави. З географічних позицій проаналізовано основні проблеми управління містами. Наведено приклади невідповідності потреб сучасного суспільства та адміністративного статусу і складу окремих міських рад. Окреслено основні напрями вдосконалення сучасної ієрархії адміністративно-територіального устрою України у контексті проведення адміністративної реформи у рамках євроінтеграції. ; Ukraine is a unitary state with the administrative and political division is represented by a four-level hierarchy. Let us analyze the main issues of the present-day administrative-territorial structure of Ukraine. Special legal status was the administrative-territorial structure of the territory subordinated to Sevastopol City Council is peculiar. The actual administrative status of towns of oblast subordination Pripyat and Chornobyl (Kyiv oblast) that are located within the exclusion zone is not officially defined. The temporary special legal status of the local government was in force from 2001 up to 2006 urban settlement Kotsiubynske, a part of the Irpin Town Council, passed in subordination to the State administration of the capital – city of Kyiv. Enclavement implies the entire encirclement of an administrative unit by another administrative unit. There is a group of Town Councils that have numerous enclave parts (they are typical for Donbas). The term administrative stripping implies that the territories of administrative units wedge between each other, which is typical mainly for urbanized territories. "Administrative matryoshka" – 64 cities of oblast subordination of Ukraine have 202 other administrative-territorial units in their composition. Numerous conflicts within the system of management are caused by the above-mentioned problems of the administrative and territorial division.

The article highlights changes in communication in "civil landscapes" of Ukrainian cities, as the parameters of temporality and spatial phenomenology. It is noted that the public space of a city is a special social and cultural form of being under conditions of Ukrainian's conflict. The methodological basis of the study is the concept of national identity, the theory of communicative action, as well as a cultural approach to the analysis of the temporal-spatial phenomenon of the city. The need for research practices focused on comprehending urban identity from the point of view of a "civic approach", establishing national values, and taking into account the communitarian principles of the formation of such an identity is articulated. Civil urban sites are analyzed through the prism of lighting of nationally sensitive time-space. Differences in communicative-spatial transformations of Ukrainian cities, character of presentation of their national-cultural identity in communicative space are described. The pro-active practices of the locals re-vitalizing the Ukrainian space, through the prospect of designing a "national-cultural reality" – of Ukrainian citizenship are outlined. The violation of the cordial eye of the majority of national identities, as if they were based on the front line of the Russian-Ukrainian war and the coveted national-cultural frontiers of Ukraine, move forward. There is a shift in worldview boundaries along the national identity of communities that find themselves on the front lines of the Russian-Ukrainian war and become defensive national-cultural frontiers of Eastern Ukraine. It is noted that the spatial connections of Ukrainian cities and communities require a more powerful national-cultural articulation of the symbolic structure of urban politics and topos' mnemonics.

Problematic issues of city symbolization are being considered in connection with the process of decommunization in Ukraine. Actions within the framework of decommunization are interpreted as actions aimed at reinterpreting the symbolism of the city and unfolding in the context of universal cultural patterns of events of this kind. This leads to an analysis of the factors that create the symbolism of the city from the standpoint of philosophical and cultural generalization. The city is interprted as a holistic object whose dialectical existence is determined by the weight of the cultural factor. Therefore, the symbolization of the city is depended on the social, ideological and political processes that affect the perception of the symbolism of the city. The symbolization of the city is revealed as a potentially conflicting phenomenon as it appeals to the emotional factors of social communication. As a result of the analysis of the symbolism of the city in its typological features it is noted that political influence on the process of symbolization can take place in a formal and informal way. The absolute confluence of the two types of influence can be seen on the example of symbolization of cities of a pro-communist character, which caused deep psychological traumas for the residents of the city in the process of decommunization. The implementation of the decommunization policy in Ukraine must avoid the drawbacks of the Soviet symbolization of cities and use all possible tools to prevent the formation of a new symbolic totality. The contemporary symbolism of the city ought to strike a balance between formal and informal symbolization for the further modernization of cities. Such symbolization need to be both universal and unique for each city in Ukraine as well as motivating for the inevitable change in the future. ; Стаття обговорює проблеми загального соціально-психологічного і соціально-культурного характеру, що виникають в процесі публічного управління процесом очищення української міст від комуністичної символіки. Аналізуються процеси формальної та неформальної символізації міст та формулюються рекомендації щодо застосування технологій оновлення символічності міст у пост-декомунізаційний період їх розвитку.

Problematic issues of city symbolization are being considered in connection with the process of decommunization in Ukraine. Actions within the framework of decommunization are interpreted as actions aimed at reinterpreting the symbolism of the city and unfolding in the context of universal cultural patterns of events of this kind. This leads to an analysis of the factors that create the symbolism of the city from the standpoint of philosophical and cultural generalization. The city is interprted as a holistic object whose dialectical existence is determined by the weight of the cultural factor. Therefore, the symbolization of the city is depended on the social, ideological and political processes that affect the perception of the symbolism of the city. The symbolization of the city is revealed as a potentially conflicting phenomenon as it appeals to the emotional factors of social communication. As a result of the analysis of the symbolism of the city in its typological features it is noted that political influence on the process of symbolization can take place in a formal and informal way. The absolute confluence of the two types of influence can be seen on the example of symbolization of cities of a pro-communist character, which caused deep psychological traumas for the residents of the city in the process of decommunization. The implementation of the decommunization policy in Ukraine must avoid the drawbacks of the Soviet symbolization of cities and use all possible tools to prevent the formation of a new symbolic totality. The contemporary symbolism of the city ought to strike a balance between formal and informal symbolization for the further modernization of cities. Such symbolization need to be both universal and unique for each city in Ukraine as well as motivating for the inevitable change in the future. ; Стаття обговорює проблеми загального соціально-психологічного і соціально-культурного характеру, що виникають в процесі публічного управління процесом очищення української міст від комуністичної символіки. Аналізуються процеси формальної та неформальної символізації міст та формулюються рекомендації щодо застосування технологій оновлення символічності міст у пост-декомунізаційний період їх розвитку.

The article analyzes the development of cities and territorial communities in terms of compliance with sustainable development goals, criteria and principles of economic development of Ukraine in the implementation of the reform of decentralization of power and local self-government. Scientific principles of assessment of sustainable development of cities and territorial communities in Ukraine are formulated in accordance with the postulates of sustainable development and taking into account the institutional features of decentralization reform in Ukraine, taking into account the requirements for forming comprehensively viable and economically self-sufficient territorial communities. The article assesses the readiness for cooperation and unification of cities and communities of Ukraine. Agreements depending on the spheres of cooperation of territorial communities are considered. The state and dynamics of intermunicipal cooperation processes in Ukraine are analyzed.

The article focuses on the urban dimension of European integration and analyzes new trends in the field of urban policy at the EU level. It is noted that there is a steady tendency to increase the role of cities, but the lack of legal grounds and other factors make it impossible to institutionalize the urban dimension at the supranational level, forcing to constantly search for a range of different formats for their incorporation into the activities of the European Union. It emphasizes that the urban policy as part of the EU regional policy plays an ambivalent role in institutionalizing the urban dimension. It stresses that although cities gradually become part of the multi-level governance system, they continue to occupy rather marginal positions within the EU. It indicates that the Amsterdam Pact, which aims to serve as a milestone document and designed to ensure growth and innovation in cities, should be seen as a middle-term solution, and the process of how to take properly into account the role of cities at the supranational level is still far from completion. It also points out that the development of the urban dimension of the European Union has become one of the external factors that influence the growth of importance of cities within Ukraine. Key words: city; integration processes; multilevel governance; European Union; Amsterdam Pact. ; Pозглянуто особливості формування міського виміру європейської інтеграції та проаналізовано нові тренди у сфері політики розвитку міст на рівні ЄС. Відзначено, що спостерігається стійка тенденція щодо зростання значущості політики розвитку міст, однак відсутність правових підстав та інші чинники унеможливлюють інституціоналізацію міського виміру на наднаціональному рівні, змушуючи постійно шукати різні формати для його інкорпорування у діяльність Європейського Союзу. Підкреслено, що політика розвитку міст як частина регіональної політики ЄС відіграє амбівалентну роль в інституціоналізації міського виміру. З'ясовано, що хоча міста поступово стають частиною системи багаторівневого врядування, проте вони продовжують займати радше маргінальні позиції у рамках ЄС. Наголошено, що Амстердамський пакт, що має на меті слугувати своєрідним дороговказом та покликаний забезпечити активізацію розвитку та зростання інновацій у містах, радше є етапним документом, а процес пошуку моделі врядування в ЄС, яка б належно враховувала роль міст на наднаціональному рівні, ще далекий від завершення. Зазначено, що розвиток міського виміру Європейського Союзу опосередковано є одним з чинників, що впливають на зростання суб'єктності міст в Україні.Ключові слова: місто; інтеграційні процеси; багаторівневе врядування; Європейський Союз; Амстердамський пакт.

This article tells about one of the new areas of social geography, namely the study of "life categories". Living conditions are considered as the subject field. Given the current relevance of the study of growth poles of the country, the big (over 100 thousand inhabitants) cities of Ukraine are the subject of this research. The social component was analysed as one of the key components of the living conditions of the population. Index of state of social conditions of sustenance of the population of big cities (based on questionnaire and statistical data) was calculated. Objective side of social component is represented by 27 statistical indicators: consumption of goods and services, housing, home improvement and housing status, state of health sector, infrastructure, basic education, the state of the labor market and health.Subjective aspect of the environmental component includes the development of the questionnaire and mass survey of senior students (375 questionnaires) of geographical faculties of higher education institutions from different regions of Ukraine. It was found that cities with the worst social indicators component are actually concentrated in four eastern old industrial regions of Ukraine (Luhansk, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhia regions). The results of such rating studies should be valuable not only for scientists but also for officials, politicians, investors and businesspersons who seek to obtain independent evaluations. ; Обґрунтовано важливість вивчення "життєвих категорій". Як предметне поле розглянуто умови життя населення, а з огляду на сьогоднішню актуальність дослідження полюсів зростання країни об'єктом є великі міста України (понад 100 тис. жителів). Проаналізовано соціальну складову як одну з ключових складових умов життя населення.Розраховано індекс стану соціальної сфери життєзабезпечення умов життя населення великих міст (заснований на анкетному опитуванні та статистичних даних). Об'єктивний бік соціальної складової представлений 27 статистичними показниками: споживання товарів та послуг, забезпеченість житлом, благоустрій житла і стан житлово-комунального господарства, стан сфери охорони здоров'я, інфраструктура базової освіти, стан на ринку праці й стан здоров'я. Суб'єктивна частина екологічної складової охоплює розробку анкети та масового опитування студентів старших курсів (375 анкет) географічних факультетів вищих навчальних закладів з різних регіонів України.Виявлено, що міста з найгіршими показниками соціальної складової зосереджені фактично в чотирьох східних старопромислових регіонах України (Луганській, Донецькій, Дніпропетровській та Запорізькій областях). Результати подібних наукових рейтингових досліджень повинні бути цін- ними не тільки для науковців, а й для чиновників, політиків, інвесторів та бізнесменів, які прагнуть отримати незалежні оцінки.

У статті проаналізовано існуючі класифікації та типології міст України. Існує більше десятка систематик міст, що характеризують різні аспекти міських поселень – від чисельності мешканців й функцій, що вони виконують, до історико-генетичного походження й екологічного стану. В сучасних умовах функції великих міст помітно змінюються і ускладнюються. Автором удосконалена запропонована концепція розвитку великих міст, яка може бути використана як основа при реформуванні АТУ. ; Problem Statement and Purpose. Due to the urgent regionalization problem and administrative-territorial system reform, and, accordingly, the change of the large cities status as regional centers, there is a need for the implementation of their new classification. The purpose of the article is the systematization of existing cities classifications and typology in social geography, as well as substantiation of necessity in introduction of the new cities typification, taking into consideration modern transformations of society. Objects of research are Ukrainian cities and their social and economic features. Subject of research is typification of big and average cities in the context of new typological marks, connected with the modern political and administrative and territorial reforms.Data & Methods. As materials for the article there were native and foreign scientists` publications in the area of social geography and geourbanistics about given problem used, as well as monographic teaching and methodical publications, normative and jural acts, statistics data. During the analysis of materials there were general scientific methods of research used – comparison, synthesis, generalization and classification method.Results. Different classifications and typologies of cities show just one side of the city`s essence; in order to cover the whole complex of cities features, new typology should be created. This synthetic (integral) typology of the big Ukrainian cities should take into consideration population of settlement, connection of cities functions, economical and geographical position, administrative and political value, market infrastructure; city should be the center of serving systems and of the new settling system, which is based on the historic and genetic approach. Cities development conception by the leading factors, which are influenced by regional preconditions, should be considered and should become important components of country`s regional politics. ; В статье проанализированы существующие классификации и типологии городов Украины. Существует более десятка систематик городов, характеризующих различные аспекты городских поселений – от численности жителей и функций, которые они выполняют до историко-генетического происхождения и экологического состояния. В современных условиях функции больших городов заметно меняются и усложняются. Автором предложена усовершенствованная концепция развития больших городов, которая может быть использована как основа при реформировании АТУ.