Suchergebnisse

There is a rich literature on the fiscal implications of municipal consolidations. Almost all of it is focused on city–county consolidations. City–city consolidations, although rare, are an even better setting to test the claim that municipal consolidation reduces local government taxing and spending. We examine this claim with data from six city–city consolidations since 1985. We find that, in fact, most city–city consolidations result in higher taxing and higher spending on core operations and salaries. Consolidation produced lower overall spending in three of the six jurisdictions, but mostly because it was accompanied by lower intergovernmental revenues and changes in debt management. All this suggests the economic theory of consolidation would be more salient if it considered a broader array of benefits and costs that are not directly reflected in tax and spending rates.

There is a rich literature on the fiscal implications of municipal consolidations. Almost all of it is focused on city-county consolidations. City-city consolidations, although rare, are an even better setting to test the claim that municipal consolidation reduces local government taxing and spending. We examine this claim with data from six city-city consolidations since 1985. We find that, in fact, most city-city consolidations result in higher taxing and higher spending on core operations and salaries. Consolidation produced lower overall spending in three of the six jurisdictions, but mostly because it was accompanied by lower intergovernmental revenues and changes in debt management. All this suggests the economic theory of consolidation would be more salient if it considered a broader array of benefits and costs that are not directly reflected in tax and spending rates. Adapted from the source document.

Despite the widely hailed importance of gay bars, what we know of them comes largely from the gayborhoods of four "great cities." This paper explores the similarities of 55 lone small–city gay bars to each other and the challenges they pose to the sexualities and urban literatures. Small–city gay bars have long been integrated with straight people in their often red–state communities; they are undifferentiated and unspecialized subcultural amenities not just for LGBT people, but for straights as well, fostering cosmopolitan lifestyles for large geographical regions whose residents nevertheless prefer small–city living for reasons, including proximity to kin or nature, and the fact that many big–city pleasures can be found everywhere. Contrasts between these findings and previous scholarship reveal the ways in which the latter has often implicitly defined urbanism and cosmopolitanism in terms of commercial diversity, as do studies of gentrification or gayborhoods. Small cities provide a way to integrate studies along the urban–rural interface, including places left to rural studies by both sexualities and urban scholarship. As an analytic object of comparison, small cities can help to disentangle urban effects from the cosmopolitanism of modern life generally.

Mensch und Technik in der Smart City -- Impressum / Copyright -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Vorwort -- Einleitung -- Autorenporträts -- Smarte Stadt = Nachhaltige Stadt? (Berlin) -- Leitgedanke für "Die nachhaltige Mierendorff-INSEL 2030" -- Die Umsetzung -- Ausblick -- Vorläufiges Fazit -- Nutzerzentrierte Raumentwicklung auf dem Weg zur Smart City (Berlin/Mannheim) -- Nutzerzentrierte Raumentwicklung -- Bedarfe der Nutzer*innen -- Urban Design Thinking - Räume gestalten in Kooperation -- Kooperative Entwicklung - forschendes Lernen am Beispiel energetischer Stadterneuerung -- Anwendungsorientierte Grundlagenforschung - Migrants4Cities -- Urbane Koproduktion für eine nutzerzentrierte Raumentwicklung durch Urban Design Thinking? -- Das Klimaschutzkonzept "Erneuerbares Wilhelmsburg" (Hamburg) -- Kernaussagen des Klimaschutzkonzeptes "Erneuerbares Wilhelmsburg" -- Wilhelmsburg - der klimafreundlichste Stadtteil Hamburgs -- Stolpersteine auf dem Weg zur Umsetzung des Klimaschutzkonzeptes "Erneuerbares Wilhelmsburg" -- Soziale und politische Rahmenbedingungen für das Klimaschutzkonzept "Erneuerbares Wilhelmsburg" -- Die Zukunft des Zukunftkonzeptes -- SmartCity Cologne - Energiewende in Köln gestalten: mit strategischem Weitblick (Köln) -- Unterschiedliche Interessen, dennoch eine Win-Win-Situation -- Kein Königsweg - der Weg ist das Ziel -- Bewusstseinswandel und Governance1 als Schlüsselfaktoren -- Integrierte Handlungsfelder und Ziele sind gefragt -- Durch Fakten relevant und bekannt -- Vom Klimaschutz zur sozialen Smart City -- Bürgerbeteiligung neu denken und erleben -- Akteure in einer smarten Stadt -- Wie geht es auf dem "Milky way to Smart City" weiter? -- Von Pilotprojekten und Reallaboren zum stadtweiten Rollout -- Klimastraße in Köln - Ein Projekt der Initiative SmartCity Cologne (Köln) -- Die Initiative SmartCity Cologne

"This book is intended to set out an architectural approach to the design of the city. This spatial approach is tested in the design of the Architectural Research Unit (ARU) Saegangeum Island City project in South Korea."--P.11

AbstractA new, made‐to‐order city is arising to h u e the persons employed on the construction and maintenance of the Hoover Dam. Its plan incorporates the most modern ideas of how a town should be built.

List of members in 1st-2d, 6th-10th, 17th-19th yearbooks. ; List of members in 1st-2d, 6th-10th, 17th-19th yearbooks. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Beginning with 1925 the March number of each year contains annual proceedings of the International City Managers' Association. ; Title from cover. ; Beginning with 1925 the March number of each year contains annual proceedings of the International City Managers' Association. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Issued by: the International City Managers' Association, Oct. 1924-Nov. 1926. ; Official organ of: the International City Managers' Association. ; 14